書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-上海第二工業大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Thedebateaboutgovernment’ssuccessesandfailuresdemonstratesagainthatdrawingtheboundarybetweenmarketandgovernmentisanenduringproblem.Thetoolsofeconomicsareindispensabletohelpsocietiesfindthegoldenmeanbetweenlaissez-fairemarketmechanismsanddemocraticrulesoftheroad.Thegoodmixedeconomyis,perforce,thelimitedmixedeconomy.Butthosewhowouldreducegovernmenttotheconstableplusafewlighthousesarelivinginadreamworld.Anefficientandhumanesocietyrequiresbothhalvesofthemixedsystem—marketandgovernment.Operatingamodemeconomywithoutbothisliketryingtoclapwithonehand.

【答案】關于政府的成功與失敗的討論再次表明，劃清市場與政府之間的界限是一個長期存在的問題。經濟學工具是幫助社會找到自由放任的市場機制和民主的道路規則之間中庸之道不可缺少的。良好的混合經濟必然是有限的混合經濟。但是那些把政府降為警察和幾座燈塔的人正生活在一個夢幻世界里。一個高效的、人道的社會需要混合系統的兩部分—市場和政府。在沒有兩者的情況下經營現代經濟，就像試圖用一只手鼓掌一樣。

2.單選題

TheAustrianmanufacturingindustryconsistsofafewlargeorganizations,manyofwhichoperateundergovernmentauspices.

問題1選項

A.supervisions

B.orientations

C.regulation

D.sponsorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。auspice“贊助，主辦”；A選項supervision“監督，管理”；B選項orientation“方向；適應；向東方”；C選項regulation“管理；規則；校準”；D選項sponsorship“贊助；發起”。句意：奧地利的制造業由幾個大型組織組成，其中許多是在政府的支持下運作的。auspice本身有“贊助”的意思，因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Onhowtheworldhaschangedoverthelast50years,notallofithasbeengood.Asyouarelookingfororganicfoodinformation,youhaveobviouslybecomeawarethatabetteralternativeexistsandyouaretakingacriticallookatthesourceandproductionpracticesofthecompaniesproducingtheworld’sfoodsupplies.

Thepurposeoforganicfoodinformationistogiveyouanunderstandingofwhatisgoingintoyourfood.Youwillseethattherearemanybenefitstoorganicfoodthatyoudidn’tknowbefore.Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticides（殺蟲劑）tocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.Theseartificialfertilizersleavesomethingpoisonousinandonthefruitandvegetablesweconsumewhichinturnisabsorbedandstoredbyourbodies.

Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.Ifyouareeatingnon-organicproduceyouwillhavetoeatmorefruitinordertomakeupforthisdeficiency.Butthenthedangerouscyclecontinuessinceyouwillbeeatingmorechemicalsthatareworseforyourhealththantheyaregoodforyou.

Anotheraspectoforganicfoodinformationistheproductionofmeatandpoultry（家食）.Mostonlyconsiderproducewhenitcomestoorganicfoodinformationdisregardingtheantibioticsandhormonesthataregiventobothcattleandpoultrythatarebeingforcefed.Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.Thereisnowaythatananimalthatisn’tkeptinhealthyconditionscanproducehealthyfoodforhumanstoeat.

Youhavenothingtolosebytryingorganicproduct,notonlywillitbehealthyforyoubutyouwillalsobeabletoeatproduceandmeatthewaytheyaresupposedtobe.Youwilllikelybesoimpressedwiththetasteoforganicfruitthatyouwillneverreturntothemass-producedfruitagain.Whilecostandavailabilitycanbeabigissueforsome,youcandoabitofresearchonlineandfindalocalstorethatstocksorganicproduceforareasonableprice.

1.ItisstatedinParagraph1thatorganicfood（）.

2.Farmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticidesto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,organicfood（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeatandpoultry?

6.Inthelastparagraph,peopleareadvisedto（）.

7.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

8.Whatwillbeprobablyaddressedifthereisanotherparagraphafterthelast?

問題1選項

A.isconsideredasabetterchoice

B.ismostlysuppliedbyworld-famouscompanies

C.hasbecomepopularoverthelast50years

D.reflectsthechangeofproductionpractices

問題2選項

A.satisfypeople’scriticaldemand

B.developbetterfarmingtechnology

C.getahighercropyield

D.keeppeopleinbetterhealth

問題3選項

A.FruitsnowadaysdonotcontainVitaminC

B.FruitsnowadayscontainmoreVitaminCthanbefore

C.FruitsnowadayscontainlessVitaminCthanbefore

D.FruitsnowadayscontainVitaminCasmuchasbefore

問題4選項

A.hasgonedowninquality

B.hasmorenutrients

C.canreplacemass-producedfood

D.lacksVitaminC

問題5選項

A.Organicmeatandpoultryishardlyavailable

B.Agreatamountofmeatisconsumedeveryyear

C.Mercilesskillingoftheanimalslowerstheirquality

D.Theymaycontainantibioticsandgrowthhormones

問題6選項

A.eattraditionalproduceandmeat

B.returntomass-producedfruits

C.dothecostandavailabilityresearch

D.tryorganicproductforbetterhealthandtaste

問題7選項

A.thebenefitsoforganicfoodinformation

B.thechallengesfacingtheworldfoodindustry

C.changesinfoodproductionpractices

D.agrowingdemandhighqualityfood

問題8選項

A.Howfarmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticides.

B.Howtofindorganicproduceinlocalstoresforareasonableprice.

C.Theproductionofmeatandpoultry.

D.Thefutureoforganicproduce.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節事實題。第一段指出：你在尋找有機食品的信息時，你顯然已經意識到存在更好的選擇，并且在用批判地眼光看待食品公司的原產原料和生產實踐，他們為世界提供著糧食供應。由此可知，A項“（有機食品）被認為是更好的選擇”正確。

2.【試題解析】細節事實題。第二段指出：Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticidestocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.（了解有機食品信息背后的基礎是這樣一個事實：農民正在使用人工化肥和殺蟲劑來控制病蟲害，以便生產更多的作物，以滿足日益增長的需求），因此C項“獲得更高的作物產量”正確。

3.【試題解析】細節事實題。第三段指出：Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.（近年來，食品的質量都下降了。現在水果的維生素C含量遠不如以前）。因此C項“現在的水果所含的維他命C比以前少”正確。

4.【試題解析】細節事實題。第三段指出：However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.（然而，通過了解有機食品的信息，你會發現有機食品的營養成分、礦物質和維生素比密集農業生產出來的農產品都要高50%），因此B項正確。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第四段指出：Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.（捫心自問，當動物被殺時，所有這些抗生素和激素都去哪兒了，這些殘留的抗生素和生長激素保留在所食用的肉里，然后被消化和儲存在人體內）。由此可知，D項“它們可能含有抗生素和生長激素”正確。

6.【試題解析】判斷推理題。最后一段大意是：食用有機食品很有益處，只是價格和購買是個問題。但可以做一些調查以找到當地合適的地方購買。因此可看出，作者在最后一段建議人們嘗試食用有機產品。故選D項“為健康和口感而嘗試有機產品”。

7.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章大意是：有機食品信息的目的是讓人們知道食物中含有什么物質：有機食品不含化學肥料和殺蟲劑，所含有的對人體有益成分較高。但近年來食品質量下降了。總之，有機食品健康口感好，只是價格和購買是個問題。但可以做一些調查以找到當地合適的地方購買。因此，A項“有機食品信息的好處”比較符合文章主旨。

8.【試題解析】判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句提出人們可以做一些調查而選擇從當地價格合理的商店購買。由此推測，如果后文還有一段，可能會繼續闡述這個話題，故選B項“如何在當地商店找到價格合理的有機產品”。

4.單選題

WhileIwasreadinginthesun,adrowsyfeeling（）overme,soIhadtogobackintothehouse.

問題1選項

A.climbed

B.crept

C.crawled

D.rose

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項climbed“爬；攀登”；B選項crept“爬行；蔓延”；C選項crawled“爬行；匍匐行進”；D選項rose“上升；起立”。句意：當我在陽光下看書時，一陣昏昏欲睡的感覺向我……，所以我不得不回到屋里。睡意向我襲來，讓我不得不回到屋內。A選項是及物動詞，不與介詞搭配，可排除。同理可排除D選項。B選項creepover意為“悄悄來襲”，符合句意。C選項主要用來形容人匍匐前行，而句中的主語是adrowsyfeeling，可排除。故選B。

5.單選題

Wemustyieldtothe______evidencewhichyouhavepresentedandfreeyourclient.

問題1選項

A.incontrovertible

B.inconsequential

C.incorrigible

D.inexorable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項incontrovertible表示“無可爭議的，無疑的”，B項inconsequential表示“不重要的，不合理的”，C項incorrigible表示“不可救藥的，積習難改的”，D項inexorable表示“無情的，不屈不撓的”。根據關鍵信息freeyourclient（釋放你的委托人）可知，______evidence應該表示“無可爭議的證據”。句意：我們必須根據你提供的無可爭議的證據釋放你的委托人。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

6.單選題

Heknewat（）levelthathewasguilty.

問題1選項

A.Spirit

B.gut

C.soul

D.eye

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項spirit“精神，心靈，情緒，志氣，烈酒”，專指人的內在品質、意志和精神或者某事物的主要目的、含義、代表的精神；B選項gut“勇氣，膽量，腸子”；C選項soul“靈魂，心靈，精神，鬼魂”；D選項eye“眼睛，視力，眼光，見解，觀點”。句意：他知道他在精神上是有罪的。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Cancerresearchersarelearningtoreadgeneslikeacrystalballtopredicthowpatientswillrespondtocancertherapy,whowillsuffertheworstsideeffectsandwhattreatmentsmaybebestforaparticularpatient.Foreseeingtheoutcomeoftreatment,andknowingwithcertaintywhichdrugsarebestforindividualpatients,havelongbeenthegoalsofcancerresearchers.

Foratleast40years,oncologistshavepuzzledoverwhysomepatientsrespondsowelltochemotherapywhileothersobtainmodestbenefitsornoneatall.ThediscoverydecadesagothatlinkedachromosomeabnormalitytooneformofleukemiapavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthedrugGleevecbyDrukerandtheabilitytoidentifythepatientsmostlikelytobenefit.Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs.Thetoolsalsohelpdeterminewhichpatientsaremostlikelytoexperiencetheworstsideeffectsofspecifictypesofchemotherapyandguidethemtoothertreatments.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicagostudiedalterationsoftheUGT1A1gene,associatedwithanincreasedchanceofchemotherapysideeffects.MarkRatainandhisteamstudied61coloncancerpatientsreceivingirinotecanandlearnedthatpatientswithalterationsofthegenelabeledas7/7weremostlikelytosufferseverelossesofwhitebloodcells.Patientswiththe6/7alterationtypehadintermediatesideeffects,andpatientswiththe6/6typehadnone.

ScientistsattheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalexaminedgenesthatnormallyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagetoDNAincellscalledXPDandXRCC1.Thenumberofvariationsinthesegenesindicateshowlongapatientislikelytosurvive.SaradaGurubhagavatulaandherteamstudiedvariationsofthesegenesin103patientsdiagnosedwithadvancednon-small-celllungcancer.Patientswithatotalofthreevariationsinthegenessurvivedamedianof6.8months;thosewithtwovariationssurvived11months;patientswithonevariationsurvived16.6months;andthosewithnovariationssurvived20.4months.Gurubhagavatulasaysthevariationscouldbeidentifiedandthosewiththeworstpredictedoutcomesputonchemotherapyregimensthatofferbetteroddsofsurvival.

ScientistsatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterandGenomicHealthInc.havedevelopedawaytotestlungtumorforgeneticprofilesassociatedwithresponsestothenewlungcancerdrugIressa.Thedrughasbeenshowntoshrinktumorsin10%to12%ofpatientswithadvancedlungcancer.DavidAgusatCedar-Sinaifoundapatternof185genesthatareturnedoffandoninamannerthatcorrelateswithresponsetoIressaortoalackofresponse.Whenusedcommercially,thetestwilltargetpatientsmostlikelytobenefitandwillallowpatientstomakeotherchoicesifthenegativeprofileisfound.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

2.TheachievementsfromHumanGenomeProjectenableresearchersto

（

）.

3.Thepurposeoftheauthorinmentioningthethreeresearchesisto

（

）.

4.Saradaandherteamareconvincedthat

（

）.

5.Inthe3rdparagraph,theword"alteration"means（

）.

問題1選項

A.thesearchforeffectivecancertreatmentdrugs

B.thegoalsofcancertreatment

C.thesuccessinreadinggenes

D.thecancertreatmentbyexamination

問題2選項

A.diagnoseachromosomeabnormalitymoreaccurately.

B.developcancertreatmentdrugslikeGleevec.

C.administercancertreatmentwithlesssideeffect.

D.comeupwithchemotherapyasaneffectivetoolforcancertreatment.

問題3選項

A.makeacontrastiveanalysisofthem.

B.illustratetheachievementsincancertherapy.

C.presentthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.

D.showhowalteredgenescancausecancer.

問題4選項

A.researchongenesoffersthemgreaterpredictivepower.

B.lungcanceriscausedbyvariationofgenes.

C.patientscansurvivelungcancerbyalteringtheirgenes.

D.chemotherapycansaveeventheworstlungcancerpatients.

問題5選項

A.investigations

B.activities

C.predictions

D.changes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章的主要內容是……”。文章第一段提到癌癥研究者正在像占卜者看水晶球一樣來閱讀基因（Cancerresearchersarelearningtoreadgeneslikeacrystalballtopredicthowpatientswillrespondtocancertherapy）；文章第二段提到研究者如何通過基因計劃提高對癌癥這類病的了解，并研究出相應的藥物（Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs.），接下來的段落通過一些例子來說明在基因方面的成就，可知全文都是在講述基因檢測與癌癥治療，選項D符合題意。

2.細節事實題。題目問的是“人類基因工程的成果讓研究者……”。文章第二段提到“研究人員能夠開發出更具體的工具來創建腫瘤的基因圖譜，并將這些圖譜與正確的藥物進行匹配”（Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs），由此可知選項C“用副作用更少的藥物進行治療”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者提及三位研究者的目的是什么”。文章第三、四、五段是為了用具體的例子來說明在人類基因工程的幫助下，在治療癌癥方面取得的成就。選項B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“Sarada和她的團隊認為……”。文章第四段提到Sarada和她的團隊研究了能夠修復DNA中受損的基因。他們的研究了103例晚期非小細胞肺癌患者的這些基因變異，她認為這些變異可以被識別，然后把最糟糕的預測結果考慮進化學治療的實施中，從而提高生存幾率（thevariationscouldbeidentifiedandthosewiththeworstpredictedoutcomesputonchemotherapyregimensthatofferbetteroddsofsurvival），由此可以推斷選項A“對基因的研究提高了預測能力”符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目問的是“在第三段中，alteration的意思是……”。文章第三段第一句提到“芝加哥大學的研究人員研究了UGT1A1基因的改變，這與化學療法副作用增加有關”（ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicagostudiedalterationsoftheUGT1A1gene,associatedwithanincreasedchanceofchemotherapysideeffects），alteration有“改變”的意思，選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Thetraincametoa/an（

）stop,makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.

問題1選項

A.hasty

B.incidental

C.swift

D.abrupt

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B選項incidental“偶然的”；C選項swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D選項abrupt“突然的”。

句意：火車突然停了下來，許多乘客從座位上摔了下來。選項D更符合語境。

9.單選題

Thesellerorhisagentsarenotobligedinlawtotellyouofthedefectsortrueconditionsofthehouse.So,itisimportantthatyourownsurveyorissenttomakeastructuralsurveyofthehouseafteryouhavemadeanofferforin,butbeforeyouenterlegalcommitment.

Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.Ifhedoeshisjobwell,hewillearnhis-fee(whichforastraightforwardsurveyofafive-roomhouseisnotlikelytobelessthan￡50)byprovidinginformationwhichcanbeusedtostartnegotiations.

Manydefectsarenotapparenttotheordinaryhousebuyerbutcanbedelec1eddetectedbytheexpert—thesurveyor.Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditsissurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay.Thissurveyormakesonlyavaluation(notafullsurvey)toseewhetherthepriorityisgoodsecurityforthepartofthepurchasepriceyoumightbeleant.Hisreportisconfidentialandmaynotbeavailabletoyou,thoughbuildingsocietymaybepreparedtotellthepurchaseraboutreallymajordefectsfollowingtheirvaluation.Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepairedwithinastatedtime(atyourownexpenseofcourse).

Ifyouarebuildinganewhouse,youwillalsoneedassurancethatthehouseisproperlybuiltandthebuildingwillaccepttheresponsibilityforanydefectsthatmayappearduetopoordesign,materialsorworkmanship.IfabuilderisrestrictedwithNationalHouse-Builders’RegistrationCouncil,youwillknowthatthehousehasbeenspot-checkinspectedatperiodicintervalsduringbuildings.Arbitrationmachineryandfornewly-builthouse,a10-yearprotectionagainstmajorstructuraldefects,existshouldthingsgowrongandthebuilderseektoavoidresponsibility.

Ifthebuilderisnotregistereditwillbewisetogetacompetentsurveyortocheckthehouseoverduringvariousstagesofconstruction.(Hewillchargeafeeforeachvisittothesite.)

1.Whatstageinbuyingahouseisasurveyoremployed?

2.Whatisthemainreasontoemployasurveyor?

3.Whydoesthebuildingsocietyorlocalauthoritysendisownsurveyor?

4.Themaindifferencebetweenthesurveyorsemployedbyyouandthebuildingsocietyisthat________.

5.Thebuyerofanewhousehastobesurethat________.

問題1選項

A.Afteryouhaveinspectedthehouseyourself.

B.Shortlybeforeyoutakeupresidenceinthehouse.

C.Beforeyouhaveanykindofdiscussionabouttheprice.

D.Duringtheearlystageoffreenegotiation.

問題2選項

A.Toinspectandreportontheconditionofthehouse.

B.Totellyouthetruevalueofthehouse.

C.Toassistyouinnegotiatingforalowerprice.

D.Toadviseyouaboutcarryingoutrepairs.

問題3選項

A.Toprovidethemwithinformationtheyneedinadvisingthepossiblebuyer.

B.Tocheckthereportpreparedbythebuyer’ssurveyor.

C.Tocheckwhatrepairsthebuyermustcarryoutbeforegettingaloan.

D.Tofindoutwhetheritwillbeadvisabletolendthepurchasemoney.

問題4選項

A.thesecondsurveyorisnotinterestedinthedefectsofthehouse

B.youdonothavetopayforthesecondsurveyor

C.thesecondsurveyor’sjobistodecidewhatthehouseisworth

D.thesecondsurveyor’sjobistofindoutwhetherhouseisfittolivein

問題5選項

A.theconstructionofthehousehasbeenconstantlysupervised

B.seriousconstructionalfaultswillbeputrightduringvariousstagesofconstruction

C.hewillhavelegalprotectioninthecaseofadisputewiththebuilder

D.thebuilderisregisteredwiththeNationalHouse-Builders’RegistrationCouncil

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據題干可定位到文章第一段So,itisimportantthatyourownsurveyorissenttomakeastructuralsurveyofthehouseafteryouhavemadeanofferforit,butbeforeyouenterlegalcommitment.（因此，重要的是，在你提出報價后，但在你進入法律承諾之前，要派你自己的測量師對房子進行結構測量）和第二段Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.（你的測量師負責找出房子里所有的內部和外部缺陷，并告訴你修復這些缺陷需要多少錢。他會告訴你房子的價格是否值得商談。），由此可知測量師是在你與賣方討論價格之前為你工作的，所以C選項“在你討論價格之前”正確。A選項“你自己檢查完房子之后”，文章沒有提到需要自己檢查房子，且這是測量師的工作，屬于無中生有；B選項“在你住進這所房子之前不久”以及D選項“在自由談判的早期階段”都與文章事實不相符，屬于曲解原文。因此C選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據題干可定位到文章第二段Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.（你的測量師負責找出房子里所有的內部和外部缺陷，并告訴你修復這些缺陷需要多少錢。他會告訴你房子的價格是否值得商談。），由此可知請測量師的主要原因是為了讓你知道自己房子的價格是否值得商談，所以B選項“告訴你房子的真正價值”正確。A選項“檢查并報告房屋狀況”，此處雖然有提及，但這是測量師的主要工作，并不是請他的主要原因，屬于張冠李戴；C選項“幫助你談一個更低的價格”，此處提到測量師只會告訴你房子的價格是否值得商談，并不會幫助你談價，屬于曲解原文；D選項“建議你進行修理”，此處提到測量師只會告訴你修理房子缺陷的大概費用，沒有提到他們會建議你修理，屬于無中生有。因此B選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據題干可定位到文章三段Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditssurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay...Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepairedwithinastatedtime(atyourownexpenseofcourse).（你希望從那里獲得貸款的房屋互助協會或地方當局也會派遣測量師，你必須支付測量師的費用……事實上，他們可能會以你在規定的時間內修復缺陷作為抵押的條件，當然是費用自理。），由此可推斷出房屋互助協會和地方當局請測量師的原因是為了檢查買方在貸款前需要的維修之處，所以C選項“檢查買方在獲得貸款前必須進行的維修”正確。A選項“向他們提供他們在向潛在買家提供建議時所需的信息”文章沒有提到，屬于無中生有；B選項“檢查買方檢驗師準備的報告”對應文章第三段，該段中只提到房屋互助協會或地方當局請的測量師的最終報告買方是無法看到的，并不是說他們請測量師是為了檢查買方檢驗師所準備的報告，該選項屬于曲解原文；D選項“看看借出購買款項是否明智”文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。因此C選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據題干可定位到文章第三段Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditssurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay...Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepairedwithinastatedtime(atyourownexpenseofcourse).（你希望獲得貸款的房屋互助協會或地方當局也會派遣測量師，你必須支付測量師的費用……事實上，他們可能會以你在規定的時間內修復缺陷作為抵押的條件，當然，費用由你自己承擔），由此可知房屋互助協會雇傭的測量師是為了測量房子缺陷，用此作為評估給你貸款的依據，如果缺陷重大不宜居住，地方當局會先讓你修復好，直到房子適宜居住再貸款給你，所以D選項“第二種測量師的工作是找出房子是否適合居住”正確。A選項“第二種測量師對房子的缺陷不感興趣”說法錯誤，第二段說到測量師的工作就是檢查房子缺陷，該選項屬于反向干擾；B選項“你不必付錢給第二類測量師”說法錯誤，第三段提到了“whosefeeyouwillhavetopay”，所以該選項也屬于反向干擾；C選項“第二種測量師的工作是決定房子的價值”，決定房子價值的是第一類測量師，屬于張冠李戴。因此D選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可定位到第四段第一句Ifyouarebuildinganewhouse,youwillalsoneedassurancethatthehouseisproperlybuiltandthebuildingwillaccepttheresponsibilityforanydefectsthatmayappearduetopoordesign,materialsorworkmanship.（如果你正在建造一所新房子，你還需要確保房子合理建造，并且將為建筑由于設計、材料或工藝不良而可能出現的任何缺陷責任。），由此可知需要確保房子的質量，確保房子沒有大問題，所以B選項“嚴重的施工失誤將在施工的各個階段得到糾正”正確。D選項“建筑公司在國家房屋建筑商注冊委員會注冊”對應第五段Ifthebuilderisnotregistereditwillbewisetogetacompetentsurveyortocheckthehouseoverduringvariousstagesofconstruction.（如果建筑商沒有注冊，最好找一個有資質的測量師在不同的施工階段檢查房屋。），由此可知建筑商是否注冊不是考查的必要條件，屬于反向干擾。A選項“房子的建造始終受到監督”對應第四段第二句“IfabuilderisrestrictedwithNationalHouse-Builders’RegistrationCouncil,youwillknowthatthehousehasbeenspot-checkinspectedatperiodicintervalsduringbuildings.（如果一個建筑商受管制于國家房屋建筑商注冊委員會，你就知道該房屋在建造期間會被定期抽查。）”，結合第五段可知在國家房屋建筑商注冊委員會注冊過的會受到監督，而建筑商不一定注冊，屬于曲解原文。C選項“如果與建筑商發生糾紛，將受到法律保護”對應第四段最后一句“Arbitrationmachineryandfornewly-builthouse,a10-yearprotectionagainstmajorstructuraldefects,existshouldthingsgowrongandthebuilderseektoavoidresponsibility.（仲裁機制為防止房屋重大結構缺陷和建筑商逃避責任，對新建房屋有10年保護期。）”，由此可知如果和建筑商發生糾紛，原本就會受到法律保護，不需要去確定這件事，屬于曲解原文。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Theoldking（

）.Theyaremakinganewking.

問題1選項

A.wasbelievedtobekilled

B.isbelievedbeingkilled

C.isbelievedhavingbeenkilled

D.isbelievedtohavebeenkilled

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。由第二句“他們正在選舉一位新國王”可知，之前的國王被認為已經殺害了，故用現在完成時的被動，再結合bebelievedto“被認為……”可知D項正確。句意：他們認為之前的國王已經被殺害了，他們正在選舉一位新國王。

11.單選題

Thiscountrycouldhaveasmanyas10millioncasesofAIDSin2011ifthe（

）isnottakenseriously.

問題1選項

A.equivalent

B.epidemic

C.eruption

D.episode

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equivalent意為“相等的東西，等量”；epidemic意為“流行病”；eruption意為“噴發，爆發”；episode意為“插曲”。

句意：如果不認真對待該國的疫情，到2011年，該國可能會有多達1000萬的艾滋病人。

12.翻譯題

DoingaPhDiscertainlynotforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.However,IamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmyBachelor’s.ThenumberonereasonitthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedIwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob.TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch,toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademicpeer-reviewprocess-nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,ItalyandGermany,learningaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding,ect...alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemenwasexpectedtohaveexperiencewithtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefenseandofcoursemakingagroundbreakingresearchcontributioninyourarea.Havingtogothroughthisprocessgiveyouatremendousamountoftechnicalbreadthanddepth.

SomeimportantstuffIlearneddoingaPhDisasfollows.

Howtowritepapersandgivetalks.Beingfluentintechnicalcommunicationsisareallyimportantskillforengineers.I'venoticedabiggapbetweenthesoftwareengineersI’veworkedwithwhohavePhDsandthosewhodon’tinthisregard.PhD-trainedfolkstendtogiveclearwell-organizedtalksandknowhowtowriteuptheirworkandvisualizetheresultofexperiments.Asaresult,theycanbemuchmoreinfluential.

Howtofigureoutwhatproblemtoworkon.ThisisprobablythemostimportantaspectofPhDtraining.DoingaPhDwillforceyoutocastawayfromshoreandexploretheboundaryofhumanknowledge.(MattMight’scartoononthisisagreatvisualizationofthis.)Ithinkthatatleast80%ofmakingascientificcontributionisfiguringoutwhatproblemtotackle-aproblemthatisatonceinteresting,openandgoingtohaveimpactifyousolveit.Therearelotsofopenproblemsthattheresearchcommunityisnotinterestedin.Therearemanyinterestingproblemsthathavebeensolvedoverandoverandover.There’sarealtricktopickinggoodproblemsanddevelopingatasteforitisakeyskillifyouwanttobecomeatechnicalleader.

SoIthinkit’sworthhavingaPhD,especiallyifyouwanttoworkonthehardestandmostinterestingproblems.Thisistruewhetheryouwantacareerinacademia,aresearchlabormoretraditionalengineeringrole,butasmyPhDadvisorwasfondofsaying,“doingaPhDcostsyouahouse.”(IntermofthelostsalaryduringthePhDyears)

【答案】攻讀博士學位的過程能訓練你做研究、讀文獻、做實驗、寫論文和做演講。它還會教你如何弄清楚需要解決的問題。

頂尖的博士計劃設置了一個極高的標準：大量的課程作業、教學經驗、資格考試、論文答辯，當然，還包括在你的領域做出了開創性的研究貢獻。

接受博士訓練的人往往能發表條理清晰而有組織的演講，并且知道如何詳細記錄他們的工作，并將實驗結果可視化。因此，他們具有很大的影響力。

如何找出需要解決的問題，這可能是博士培訓最重要的方面。攻讀博士學位會迫使你遠離當下領域，探索人類知識的邊界。

所以，我認為，讀博是值得的，尤其是如果你想研究最難且最有興趣的問題。無論你是想在學術界、實驗室或者更傳統的工程職業中謀職，讀博都是正確的選擇。

13.單選題

Histimeatuniversitywasthemost（

）periodofherlife.

問題1選項

A.eventual

B.enduring

C.eventually

D.eventful

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。eventual“最后的，最終的”；enduring“持久的，能忍受的”；eventually“最后，終于，副詞”；eventful“多事的，重大的”。根據句子結構，可知空格中填入形容詞修飾period，選項C可排除。句意：他的大學時光是一生中最重要的時光。因此選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Theymightbewillingtomovefromcountrytocountry,untiltheyendupinabackwaternationwithnolawsorlawmakerstospeakof,andcanproceedwiththeirmiserably_______experiments.

問題1選項

A.well-built

B.ill-conceived

C.well-groomed

D.ill-bred

【答案】B

【解析】well-built體格健美的,體型勻稱的;ill-conceiv