2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)高頻詞匯必背及訓(xùn)練1access①通道，入口②（接近或進(jìn)入的）方法，機(jī)會(huì)，權(quán)利③［vt?］取得，獲取（尤指計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)）考點(diǎn)提示：haveaccesstosth.可以使用/有接觸機(jī)會(huì)haveaccesstoacar/aputer.有汽車/計(jì)算機(jī)可以使用gain/getaccess（tosth.）進(jìn)入［某地】；見(jiàn)到［某人或某物］完成句子學(xué)生需要得到圖書的方便途徑。Studentsneedeasythebooks.每個(gè)人都有受教育權(quán)。Everyoneeducation.只有沿著那條狹窄的路走才能到達(dá)他們的房子。theirhouseisalongthatnarrowroad.absencen.①缺席，不在場(chǎng)［反presence］②不存在，缺乏考點(diǎn)提示:absent（adj.）缺席的；不在的；beabsentfrom不在；缺席beabsentfor（不在）去了in/duringsb'sabsense在某人不在期間完成句子我不在時(shí)，請(qǐng)照看我的房子。Pleasetakecareofmyhouse在缺乏其他證據(jù)下，我們不得不認(rèn)為這屬實(shí)。Wewereobligedtoacceptitastrue老師對(duì)他曠課很生氣。Theteacherwasangryathis他今天缺課/缺勤/缺席會(huì)議。Hetoday.有些國(guó)家終年無(wú)雪。Snowsomecountries.他外出了，現(xiàn)在在歐洲。He.supposevt.認(rèn)為，猜想考點(diǎn)提示：suppose+that/tobe認(rèn)為，猜想be（not）supposedto（do）（不）被期望，（不）應(yīng)該suppose/supposingthat（與given,provided通用）表示“假定……結(jié)果會(huì)怎么樣？”Isupposeso./No,Isupposenot./No,Idon'tsupposeso.我認(rèn)為這樣。/不，我不認(rèn)為這樣。/不，我不認(rèn)為這樣。—Jerryisplayingonlinegames.—He'splayinggames？He'stobedoinghishomeworknow.A.believedB.supposedC.consideredD.pretended—HowdoyouwewillgotoHainanforourholidays?—Ithinkwe'dbetterflythere.It'smuchmorefortable.A.insistB.wantC.suggestD.Supposeswitchvt.轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變考點(diǎn)提示：switch(fromA)toB(由A)轉(zhuǎn)換成Bswitchon開(kāi)(電燈、機(jī)器等)switchoff關(guān)(電燈、機(jī)器等)；失去興趣；覺(jué)得乏味switchover轉(zhuǎn)換頻道；轉(zhuǎn)變Inordertostoppoverty,theWorldBankhasitsfocustoprovidingtechnicalassistanceandlongtermloanstodevelopingcountries.A.fixedB.exchangedC.transferredD.switchedShestartedstudyingmedicineatcollege,buttoBusinessStudiesinhersecondyear.A.transformedB.skippedC.adjustedD.switchedmattervi.重要，有重大關(guān)系n.物質(zhì)；問(wèn)題；毛病考點(diǎn)提示：tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是nomatter不要緊，沒(méi)關(guān)系asamatteroffact實(shí)際上；不瞞你說(shuō)；確實(shí)Itdoesn'tmatter.沒(méi)關(guān)系。“他問(wèn)我怎么回事”習(xí)慣上說(shuō)：Heaskedmewhatwasthematter.(此處因what作主語(yǔ)，故后邊語(yǔ)序不變)，而有些學(xué)生慣用Heaskedmewhatthematterwas句子雖正確，但意思不同，此處是“他問(wèn)我那物質(zhì)是什么。”Don'tworry.It'sonlya(n)ofmoney.Wewilltryourbesttocollectenough.A.matterB.affairC.businessD.accidentThethingthatisnotwhetheryoufailornot,butwhetheryoutryornot.A.mattersB.caresC.mindsD.considerscondemnv.①譴責(zé)，指責(zé)②宣判，判刑［同sentence］完成句子我們譴責(zé)他的不良行為。Wehimhisbadconduct.犯人被判處死刑。Theprisoner.conditionn.①條件②】用復(fù)數(shù)］(工作或生活等的)條件，狀況③［(健康或物品的)狀態(tài)，狀況完成句子/英譯漢/單項(xiàng)選擇如果你能在星期一還我，我可以借給你這本書。IwilllendyouthebookyouitonMonday.在這么惡劣的情況下，我們只有推遲野營(yíng)了。,wehavetoputoffthecamp.Heislivinginterribleconditions.Thatisausedcaringoodcondition.我決不會(huì)改變我的主意。Onnoconditionmymind.Iagreetohissuggestiontheconditionthathedropsallcharges.A.byB.inC.onD.to&charactern.品質(zhì)；性格；人物；角色；字體考點(diǎn)提示：bedifferentincharacter有著不同的性格amanofcharacter有個(gè)性的人，有骨氣的人aleadingcharacter主角inthecharacterof以的資格，扮演的角色outofcharacter不適合，和不相稱TheChinesecharacters漢字characteristicadj.表現(xiàn)特點(diǎn)的n.特征，特性，特色characterizev.表現(xiàn)的特色Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodforbuilding.A.respectB.friendshipC.reputationD.characterMr.Johnsonsisofgood，soheisrespectedandlovedbyeveryoneintheneighbourhood.A.characterB.characteristicC.featureD.uniquenessfoundvt.建立，創(chuàng)立考點(diǎn)提示：befoundedon/upon建立在基礎(chǔ)上findffound—found（發(fā)現(xiàn)）found—foundedffounded（創(chuàng)辦，建立）foundationn.基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)，建立，創(chuàng)辦layfoundations打地基foundern.奠基者，創(chuàng)建者，締造者putup,setup,build與found的區(qū)別putup表示“建造，搭建”時(shí)，指高于地平面的建筑物，即“搭起，豎起，掛起”之意，同setup。setup還表示“建立，成立”常與表示組織、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體之意的詞連用，這時(shí)相當(dāng)于found，如：setuphome安家落戶。build意為“建造，建設(shè)，建立”，是最普通的用語(yǔ)，常指建造大的東西，可接具體或抽象的名詞。found指建立、成立機(jī)構(gòu)或組織等。此意同setup,但found更強(qiáng)調(diào)打基礎(chǔ)。用found,putup,setup的正確形式填空：in1636，HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.Anewtheatrewherethereusedtobeatemple.Thefactoryhasanightschooltostrengthentheworkers'education.10.opinionn.意見(jiàn)，看法，主張考點(diǎn)提示：inone'sopinion=intheopinionofsb.按照某人的看法haveagood/bad/high/lowopinionof對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)很好/很糟beoftheopinionthat...主張，認(rèn)為inone'sview以的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看pointofview觀點(diǎn)opinion與viewopinion是一般通用詞，指對(duì)事物或問(wèn)題經(jīng)過(guò)思考后提出的意見(jiàn)、主張、看法，含有初步的，不肯定的意味。view指“見(jiàn)解，觀點(diǎn)”側(cè)重對(duì)較廣泛、重大或有關(guān)公眾的問(wèn)題所采用的態(tài)度，view比opinion更為肯定、全面和系統(tǒng)。It'saterribleshame，，thatthebuildingwasknockeddown.A．IthinkB．inmyopinionC．personallyD．AllaboveAlthoughmyopinion,theoldprofessordidn'teupwithhisown.A.againstB.onC.forD.in答案：1.①accessto②hasaccessto③Theonlyaccessto①duringmyabsence②intheabsenceofotherevidence?absencefromschool④isabsentfromschool/work/themeetingisabsentin⑥isabsentinEurope(1)Bbesupposedtodosth.意為：某人應(yīng)該做某事。題中用了不定式的進(jìn)行式，表示：Jerry應(yīng)該正在做作業(yè)。(2)D(1)D(2)D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：她從醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)到商務(wù)研究系，用switch表示“轉(zhuǎn)換，改變(思路、話題等)”B項(xiàng)可表示“急速改變”，不符合語(yǔ)境。其他選項(xiàng)的含義：A“改變，轉(zhuǎn)變，改選”，C“調(diào)整”①A考查名詞辨析。短語(yǔ)amatterof表示“(僅僅、就)只是的事而已”如amatterofdays/time“僅僅幾天，只是時(shí)間的早晚”句意：別擔(dān)心，這只是錢的事情而已，我們會(huì)盡力募集夠的。②A①condemned;for②wascondemnedtodeath①onconditionthat;return②Undersuchbadweatherconditions他的生活條件很差。④那是一輛狀況良好的舊車。⑤willIchangeC句意：我同意他的建議，條件是他放棄所有的指控。on(the)conditionthat在條件下，介詞用on,屬固定搭配。&①D句意：獨(dú)自徒步旅行可能會(huì)很有趣并且有益于健康，或許對(duì)意志的磨煉也有好處。respect尊重，愛(ài)戴；friendship友誼；reputation名譽(yù)，榮譽(yù)，聲望；character性格，品格，品質(zhì)，特點(diǎn)，特性。又如:Thelittleboyshowedgreatcharacterreturningtoschoolafterearthquake.在地震發(fā)生后，小男孩重返學(xué)校表現(xiàn)出了他頑強(qiáng)的毅力。②Acharacter這里說(shuō)明人的品質(zhì)①Founded②hasbeenputup③setup①DA、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思相同，均可作插入語(yǔ)。故選D項(xiàng)。②A2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)高頻詞匯必背及訓(xùn)練10effectn.效果，作用；影響haveaneffecton對(duì)有影響(havea/an+adj.+effecton...)havesome/little/noeffecton對(duì)有些/一點(diǎn)/沒(méi)有影響ineffect實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上；有效takeeffect見(jiàn)效，開(kāi)始起作用；(法律或規(guī)章)生效，開(kāi)始實(shí)行eintoeffect實(shí)行，實(shí)施，生效beofnoeffect無(wú)效causeandeffect因果注意：雖然表達(dá)“對(duì)有影響”用haveaneffecton，但表示“有很大/小影響”用havemuch/littleeffecton,而不用many/few。Themedicinehadagoodeffectonme.那種藥對(duì)我有良好的功效。Theadvertisingcampaigndidn'thavemucheffectonsales.這些廣告攻勢(shì)對(duì)銷售額沒(méi)起到多大作用。Themedicinequicklytookeffect.這種藥很快就見(jiàn)效了。affect/effect/influence辨析affect僅作動(dòng)詞，可以用于以下三種情況：對(duì)某人或某物產(chǎn)生不良的影響，通常以被影響的人或物作為賓語(yǔ)。作“影響”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于短語(yǔ)haveaneffecton。Hotweatheraffectshishealth.炎熱的天氣影響著他的健康。作“使改動(dòng)，使變化”之意講時(shí)，屬中性詞，沒(méi)有好壞之分。Hewasn'taffectedbythenews.他聽(tīng)了這消息后無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。感動(dòng)。Hisspeechaffectedtheaudiencedeeply.他的演講深深地打動(dòng)了觀眾。effect通常指使某人或某物得以改進(jìn)和變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)造成一種特殊的后果。作名詞時(shí)指affect的結(jié)果。Thismedicinehasnoeffectonhisheadache.這種藥對(duì)他的頭疼不起作用。influence指通過(guò)勸說(shuō)、行為或事例等對(duì)另一方的行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生潛移默化的或持久的影響，尤其在感情和態(tài)度上的影響。有動(dòng)詞和名詞兩種詞性。Whatwereadinfluencesourthinking.我們閱讀的書籍會(huì)對(duì)我們的思想產(chǎn)生影響。完成句子Weshouldlearntodistinguishbetween(因果)．Thenewlaw(牛效)fromtomorrow.(實(shí)際上)，thetwosystemsarethesame.單項(xiàng)填空Recentlytourismhasagreatonthewildlifeinmyhometown，whichcausesplaints.A．effortB．effectC．a(chǎn)ffectD．reflectdisappointvt.使失望Thefilmdisappointedhim.影片使他失望。有些及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞均可用作形容詞，現(xiàn)在分詞意為“令人……的”一般用來(lái)指物；過(guò)去分詞意為“某人感到……的”，一般用來(lái)指人。但指人的“表情”“嗓音”等時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。此類形容詞有：

interesting令人感興趣的interested對(duì)感興趣surprising令人吃驚的surprisedinteresting令人感興趣的interested對(duì)感興趣surprising令人吃驚的surprised感到吃驚的exciting令人興奮的excited感到興奮的「disappointing令人失望的<disappointed感到失望的「boring令人厭煩的<bored感到厭煩的relaxing令人輕松的relaxed感到輕松的moving動(dòng)人的moved受感動(dòng)的Thedisappointingnewsmadeusdisappointed.這個(gè)令人失望的消息使我們很失望。Iwasmovedbythemovingscene.我被這令人感動(dòng)的一幕打動(dòng)了。bedisappointedtodo...失望做……bedisappointedthat...失望的是……toone'sdisappointment=tothedisappointmentofsb使某人失望的是……I'mdisappointedthatIfailedtheexam.我失望的是我考試沒(méi)及格。用disappoint的適當(dāng)形式填空Fromhisfather'slook，weknowtheboymadehisfatherThelongspeechgivenbythatoldprofessorseemedandendless.—Thefilmis，Ihavetosay，notabitinteresting.—Why?It'sthanthefilmsIhaveeverseen.A．farmoreinterestingB．muchlessinterestingC．nomoreinterestingD．a(chǎn)nylessinterestingperformvt.&vi.演出，表演Theplaywasfirstperformedin1987.這部劇于1987年首次上演。vt.做，履行，執(zhí)行Thesurgeonhasperformedtheoperation.外科醫(yī)生已做完了手術(shù)。vi.工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(好/不好)Theengineseemstobeperformingwell.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)似乎運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。performanexperiment/operation做實(shí)驗(yàn)/施行手術(shù)performaplay上演一部劇本performarolein(=playarolein...)在中起作用performwell/badly(poorly)/satisfactorily表現(xiàn)得好/壞/令人滿意performancen.表演，演奏performern.表演者putonperformance表演We'veneverseenaShakespeare'splaysowonderfully.A.performB.isperformingC.performingD.performed—Tonighttheblindboywillperformthepianoattheparty.—Great！Hesucceededatlast！He'sperformedawonder.A./；/B.on；onC.on；/D./；on4.impressvt.使(人)印象深刻；印上，壓出印記impresssthonsb=impresssbwithsth使某人牢記/銘記某事impresssthonsth把印在上beimpressedby/at/with...被感動(dòng)；對(duì)印象深刻beimpressedonone'smind/memory被印在腦海里，留下深刻的印象impressionn.印象impressiveadj.使人印象深刻的，令人感動(dòng)的a/an...impressiononsb給某人留下leave/make"的印象、noimpressiononsb/sth對(duì)無(wú)影響/效果Thebookdidn'timpressmeatall.這本書沒(méi)有給我留下一點(diǎn)印象。Heimpressedmewiththeimportanceofthework.他讓我明白了工作的重要性。Theteacherswereimpressedbyyourperformanceintheexam.所有的老師被你們的考試成績(jī)所感動(dòng)。Headesignoncloth.Whatabeautifuldesign!A.pressedB.impressedC.putD.placedThespeechbythemayorofShanghaibeforethefinalvotingforEXPOxxwasstronglyimpressedmymemory.A.toB.overC.byD.onWhenyoustayinastranger'shome，youshoulddoeverythingproperlysothatyoucanmakeagoodonthehost.A.expressionB.impressionC.suggestionD.manner5binevt.(使)聯(lián)合，(使)結(jié)合binesthwith/andsth把與聯(lián)合binewith與混合，與化合binebusinesswithpleasure勞逸結(jié)合Weshouldbinebusinesswithpleasure.我們應(yīng)該勞逸結(jié)合。完成句子你應(yīng)該努力把鍛煉與健康飲食結(jié)合起來(lái)。Youshouldtrytoexercisehealthydiets.representvt.代表；象征；描繪Whatdoesthismarkrepresent?這個(gè)符號(hào)代表什么？representativen.代表者，代理人，眾議員representsb/sthassb/sth把描述成representsbas/tobe...宣稱某人為……representsthtosb向某人說(shuō)明某事，向某人傳達(dá)某事bewell/badlyrepresented很好/很差地展示berepresentativeof...是……的代表Herepresentedhimselfas(tobe)afriendofmine.他自稱是我的一個(gè)朋友。Areyouropinionsrepresentativeofthoseoftheotherstudents?你們的意見(jiàn)代表其他的學(xué)生嗎？ZhangYiningandherfellowteammates，China'sWomenPingpongTeam，tookparkinthexxOlympicsGames.A.representB.representedC.representingD.beingrepresentedHisonlyaimisourcountryattheOlympicsinxx.A.representedB.toberepresentedC.representingD.torepresenttreasuren.財(cái)寶，財(cái)富treasure作“財(cái)寶”講一般是不可數(shù)名詞；作“珍貴的東西”講一般是可數(shù)名詞。也可用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“珍惜”。Thereismuchtreasureinthistomb.這個(gè)墓里有許多財(cái)寶。Weshouldtreasureourfriendship.我們應(yīng)該珍惜我們的友誼。完成句子Weshould(愛(ài)惜)manpowerandmaterialresources.漢譯英我珍惜你的友誼。Hethewatchhismothergavehim.A.longsB.treasuresC.admiresD.appreciatesIshallthisgiftbecauseitwasgivenbytheteacherIloved.A．enjoyB．treasureC．a(chǎn)dmireD．a(chǎn)ppreciate&quitv.停止，辭職Hequithisjoblastmonth.他上個(gè)月辭職了。Quitlaughing！別笑了！quit—quit/quitted—quit/quitted—quittingquit后跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式。quit/stop辨析兩者都可以表示“停止”。其區(qū)別在于：stop：指動(dòng)作、運(yùn)行、進(jìn)展等被停下來(lái)，含突然、斷然的意味。quit：指最終徹底停止某事，有時(shí)暗示遭到失敗或面臨挫折。用stop與quit填空Thepolicewerecalledtoafightoutsidethetheatre.Inordertokeepyouhealthy，you'dbetterdrinkingandsmoking.Theyworkat5pmandthenwenthome.A.quitB.didC.startedD.beganappearance外貌，外觀Don'tjudgepeoplebytheirappearances.不要以貌取人。appearancen.出現(xiàn)，顯露，露面；外觀/外貌/外表appearvi.出現(xiàn)makeappearance登臺(tái)，出現(xiàn)makeagood/poorappearance顯得一表人材/顯得很不雅觀atfirstappearance乍看起來(lái)inappearance外貌上，看起來(lái)keepupappearances裝點(diǎn)門面；裝闊氣，維持體面She'smadeanumberofappear