專題三

不可忽視的小詞考點(diǎn)分類突破考點(diǎn)分層演練語法鏈接寫作考點(diǎn)分類突破考點(diǎn)一冠詞考點(diǎn)二

代詞考點(diǎn)三

介詞考點(diǎn)四

動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語考點(diǎn)一冠詞MyfriendLindaisanhonestgirl①studyinginauniversity①.Weareofanage②，webothlikemilkandwedrinkacupofmilk③

aday④.Sowethinkacow⑤isveryuseful.注釋：不定冠詞的用法①表示泛指“某個(gè)”。當(dāng)說話人第一次提及某人、某物時(shí)通常用不定冠詞；在讀音以輔音音素開頭的單詞前用a，在讀音以元音音素開頭的單詞前用an。②表示“同一”。③表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。④表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于per。⑤表示“一類”事物。一、不定冠詞a/an微小說導(dǎo)入微小說導(dǎo)入1.不定冠詞a/an用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“再一，又一”。Hemissedthegoldmedalinthehighjump，buthewillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比賽中錯(cuò)失了金牌，但是在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中他還有機(jī)會(huì)。重難點(diǎn)精析2.不定冠詞a/an可以用于物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞具體化。物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞僅表示概念時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，就變成了可數(shù)名詞，前面可加不定冠詞。Tonyisafamouspianist.I’mabsolutelycertainthathisconcertthisSundaywillbeasuccess.托尼是一位著名的鋼琴家，我十分確信這個(gè)星期天他的音樂會(huì)一定會(huì)成功。3.有些名詞是永久性不可數(shù)名詞，即使前面有了形容詞，也不能在形容詞前加a/an。如weather，progress，fun等。Whatfineweatherwehavegot!Let’sgoforapicnic.多好的天氣啊，我們?nèi)ヒ安桶伞?.不定冠詞常見的固定搭配haveagiftfor有……的天賦haveaholiday度假getalift/ride搭便車payavisitto參觀lendsb.

a

hand幫助某人asaresult因此asarule通常，照例inahurry匆忙地atadistance離一段距離awasteof……的浪費(fèi)Whatapity！真遺憾！be/goonadiet節(jié)食acollectionof一批……aknowledgeof知道haveagoodtime玩得高興makealiving謀生asamatteroffact事實(shí)上haveahistoryof有一段……的歷史inasense/way在某種意義上forawhile暫時(shí)，一時(shí)allofasudden突然amatterof……的問題單句語法填空1.InChineseculture，eachyearisrelatedto

Chineseanimalaccordingtothe12-yearcycle.2.Henotonlyisthebeststudentinourclass，butalsohas

excellentsenseofhumour.3.HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmilefor

longtime.4.Onethingwecandotohelpsolvethisproblemiswalkoruse

bicyclewhenpossible.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1aanaaMrSmithisateacherfromtheUnitedStates①.Hewasthefirst②foreignteacherIhadmet.In

the1990s③，heandhiswifeweretravelingalongtheYangtzeRiver④whenashipwrecked.TheSmiths⑤cameuptohelptheinjured⑥andsavedaboybycatchinghimbythearm⑦.Theboy’sparentssaidtheywerethekindest⑧peopleintheworld⑨.Theywouldrememberthecouple⑩forever.二、定冠詞the微小說導(dǎo)入注釋：定冠詞的用法①用于普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。②用于序數(shù)詞之前。③用在朝代、世紀(jì)前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。④用于江河湖海山島前。⑤用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻倆”。⑥用在形容詞或分詞前，表示某一類人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表動(dòng)作的詞)＋sb.

＋介詞＋the＋身體部位。⑧用于形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)前。⑨用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。⑩表示上文已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。1.被演奏的西洋樂器前用the。但是球類棋類之前卻沒有冠詞。AsfarasIknow，helikesplayingthepianobutdoesn’tlikeplayingfootball.據(jù)我所知，他喜歡彈鋼琴卻不喜歡踢足球。重難點(diǎn)精析2.用在表計(jì)量的名詞前，如bythehour，bytheday，bythedozen，bythemeter等。但是如果是抽象名詞前，則不用冠詞，如：byweight，bytime，bylength，bysize等。Igotpaidbytime.Tobeexact，Igotpaidbythehour.我按時(shí)間拿報(bào)酬，確切地說，我是按小時(shí)拿錢。3.定冠詞的常見固定搭配atthemoment此刻；目前intheend最后，最終totellthetruth說實(shí)話ontheotherhand另一方面bytheway順便說一下inthemiddleof在……中間atthesametime同時(shí)onthecontrary相反onthewhole總的來說inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處tothepoint中肯；切題makethemost/bestof充分利用單句語法填空1.Shestayedupuntileleventhirtyoneeveningonpurposejusttosee____moonlight.2.The“Spider-story”isoftentold.RobertBruce，leaderoftheScotsin____13thcentury，washidinginacavefromtheEnglish.3.Smokingisoneof

biggestcausesofpreventabledeathsinEngland.4.

Greensareahappycouple；theyhavebeenmarriedfor30years.5.

injuredhavebeensenttohospitalwheretheywillbetreated.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)2thethetheTheTheWhenlearningthatteachers①arebadlyneededinremotedistricts①，Lilyvolunteeredtoteachinaremoteplace.Localpeoplehavemadeherheadmaster②oftheschoolsinceherarrivalandsheteachesChinese③，maths③，andEnglish③herselffromspringtowinter④

andfromMondaytoSunday④.Onweekends，sheteachesherstudents⑦toplayvolleyballandchess⑤.Whenshefindsmanychildrenattendingschoolwithouthavinglunch⑥，sheraisesmoney①forthechildren’smeals.微小說導(dǎo)入三、零冠詞注釋：零冠詞常用的幾種情況①表泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前。②表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞作表語、同位語或補(bǔ)足語時(shí)。③表示語言、學(xué)科的名詞前不用冠詞。④季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期、節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。⑤球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲的名詞前不用冠詞。⑥一日三餐前一般不加冠詞。⑦名詞前已有this，that，my，her，some，each等限定詞時(shí)不再用冠詞。1.用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的零冠詞“零冠詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋as/though＋主語＋謂語，主句”，意為“雖然……但是……”。Youngmanasheis，hehasseenmuchoftheworld.盡管他很年輕，但他閱歷很豐富。重難點(diǎn)精析2.no與such連用時(shí)放在such之前，而such后的名詞前不用冠詞。Asthesayinggoes，thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.Ifyouwantsomething，goandearnit.常言說，天下沒有免費(fèi)的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去掙。3.零冠詞的常見固定搭配onpurpose故意地 bychance碰巧catchfire著火 atdawn在黎明facetoface面對(duì)面 outofdate過時(shí)的makeroomfor讓位 indebt負(fù)債inshape健康 onfoot步行indanger在危險(xiǎn)中 sidebyside并排fromtimetotime不時(shí)地 handinhand手拉手dayafterday日復(fù)一日地 heartandsoul全心全意地單句語法填空1.Whileyou’reinChina，MountHuangshanis

musttovisit！(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)2.Of

nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.(2019·全國Ⅰ)對(duì)接高考技法指導(dǎo)解題策略athe技巧一注意泛指還是特指如果空格后的名詞或“形容詞＋名詞”前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或指示代詞等限定詞時(shí)很可能填冠詞。1.如果空格及后面的名詞在文中第一次出現(xiàn)，可翻譯成“一個(gè)(本、種等)”，一般填a/an；如果在前文已經(jīng)提到過，可翻譯成“這/那個(gè)，這/那些”，一般填the。2.如果名詞后有of短語、不定式、分詞或從句等作定語時(shí)很可能填the。技巧二注意固定搭配技法指導(dǎo)返回考點(diǎn)二代詞I①amaseniorschoolstudentandI①wanttojoinour③schoolfootballteam，butthepersoninchargehasrejectedme②.Ihavetospendmy③sparetimepracticingfootballtoimprovemyself④.Look!Thefootballunderthebedismine⑤.Ithasbeenwornout.注釋：①為代詞的主格形式作主語。②為代詞的賓格形式作賓語。③為形容詞性物主代詞，放在名詞之前作定語。④為反身代詞，可作賓語、表語或同位語。⑤為名詞性物主代詞，后面不加名詞，可作主語、賓語或表語。一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞微小說導(dǎo)入微小說導(dǎo)入(一)代詞的形式重難點(diǎn)精析類別主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人稱youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves(二)it的用法1.指天氣、時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境等Itisearlyspring，butitisalreadyhot.現(xiàn)在是初春，但是天氣已經(jīng)很熱了。Itistwentymilesfromheretothevillage.從這里到那個(gè)村莊有20英里路。2.代替前面提過的事物、群體、想法等或代替指示代詞Althoughhedidn’tlikeit，Idecidedtoseethemovieanyway.盡管他不喜歡看這部電影，但我還是決定去看一看。3.指不知性別的孩子和嬰兒或不明確的人(由于某種原因而不知對(duì)方是誰)Whatwillyoucallitifitisaboy?要是男孩的話，你會(huì)給他取個(gè)什么名字？4.用作形式主語或形式賓語，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句(1)it作形式主語的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋for/ofsb.

＋不定式ItisimportantforstudentstolearnEnglishwell.對(duì)學(xué)生來說學(xué)好英語是重要的。Itwasfoolishofhimtoleavethedooropenafterhelefttheoffice.離開辦公室之后，他還讓門開著，真是糊涂了。②Itisnogood/use/uselessdoingsth.

做某事是沒有好處/用處的Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.為打翻的牛奶而哭泣是沒有用處的。③It＋be＋名詞詞組(apity/afact/nowonder...)/adj.＋that從句Itisapitythatyoucan’tgowithher.很遺憾你不能和她一起去。④It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(seem/appear/turnout/occurtosb.

...)＋that從句Itseemsthathehasmadeaseriousmistake.他似乎犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。⑤It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句Itwasreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.據(jù)報(bào)道有20人死于這場(chǎng)地震。⑥Ittakessb.

time/patience/effort/energytodosth.

Ittookhimmuchenergytowritethenovel.寫這部小說花費(fèi)了他大量的精力。(2)it作形式賓語的常用句型：主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/ofsb.

todo/that從句IfinditeasytogetonwithJim.我發(fā)現(xiàn)同吉姆相處很容易。Hedidn’tmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他沒說清楚何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議。(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示喜歡、憎惡等情感的動(dòng)詞以及dependon/upon，seeto等動(dòng)詞短語后，再接when，if，that等引導(dǎo)的從句。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldattendourparty.如果您能參加我們的聚會(huì)，我將不勝感激。單句語法填空1.Helivesaveryregularlife，studyingeverydayandneverallowing_______(he)tofallbehindinhisschoolwork.2.Whentoldthatitwasalosstohumans，thefarmersburstintolaughterandresponded，“Ourreallossis

(we)decreasingincome.”3.Whilemakingachoicefromvariouswaysofspendingourtime，weoughttoensuresomethingthatrestoresourlostenergyandcheers

(we)up.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1himselfourus4.Ihavemade

clearthatIwillnotacceptthisjob.5.Givenhope，Iamconvincedthatabreakthroughcancomeatanyageifwehavefaithinourselvesandkeeplearningandworkingfor

.6.Thereisaknockonthedoor.

mightbethepostman.ititIt1.all/every/both/each/neither/noneThereare50studentsinmyclass.Though

notall①ofusarestudyingwell，weall①studyhard.Everystudent②hasadreamuniversity，thoughnoteverystudent②canbeadmittedtoafamousone.My

deskmateandIboth③likemusic，butbothofusdon’t③wanttoenteramusicinstitute.Each④ofushaschosenourfuturecollege.Wehave14teachersinall，none⑤ofwhomtreatusbadly.However，mydeskmateandIareboth③fat，soneither⑥ofuslovePEclasses.微小說導(dǎo)入二、不定代詞注釋：①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常依據(jù)所指為可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞而定；與not連用表示部分否定。②every強(qiáng)調(diào)(整體中的)每一個(gè)，只能作定語，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一個(gè)”，與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定。③both表示“兩者(都)”。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；與not連用表示部分否定，意為“兩者并不都……”。④each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，可作代詞和形容詞，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個(gè)”，可以與of短語連用。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；作同位語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和主語保持一致。⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)無一個(gè)”或“沒有一點(diǎn)兒”。后接of短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。⑥neither表示“(兩者)都不”。單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；后接of短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。2.anything/nothing/something/everything—Doyouhaveanything①tosayaboutyourexam?—No，Ihavenothing②tosayaboutit.—Ihopeyoucansharesomething③specialaboutyourschool.—IhavetoldyouthatIdon’thaveanything①tosayaboutit.Everything④hasgonewrong.注釋：①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”時(shí)，用于否定句和疑問句中；表示“隨便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。②nothing表示“什么也沒有”，可用于肯定、疑問及否定句。③something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。④everything表示“一切”，強(qiáng)調(diào)全體，但謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。3.theother，another，others與theothers—Excuseme.CanyouexchangethisT-shirtforanother①one?Someothers②sayitdoesn’tfitmewell.—Ofcourse.ThisT-shirtcomesintwosizes；youcantryontheother③one.—Don’tbother.TherearesomanyshopsandIwillgotoseetheothers④.注釋：①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”，代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。②others表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some連用。③theother可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩者中的“另一個(gè)”或兩部分中的“另一部分”。④特指“整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”時(shí)用theothers。4.替代詞that，those，one，ones，theone，theonesIfoundabeautifulcoatinashop，butitwasveryexpensive.Luckily，Ifoundone①lookingthesameonlineanditwasmuchcheaperthanthat②/theone③inthephysicalshop.However，whenIreceivedthecoat，Irealizedthoughtheones④soldonlineweremuchcheaper，theywerenotasgoodasthose⑤inphysicalshops.Iwouldratherspendmoremoneyonbetterones⑥withhighquality.注釋：①one替代上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“a/an＋單數(shù)名詞”。②that替代上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”。③theone替代特指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞”。④theones替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。⑤those替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時(shí))，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。⑥ones替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。所替代名詞都是同類不同物；同類同物替代用it/them。1.another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。“基數(shù)詞/few＋other＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”也表示“另外的……(多少)”。Anotherthreestudentswenttothatparty.＝Threeotherstudentswenttothatparty.另外3個(gè)學(xué)生去了那個(gè)聚會(huì)。重難點(diǎn)精析2.noone，none，nobody，nothing以及“no與名詞連用”等都表示全部否定。當(dāng)not與不定代詞all，both，everyone，everybody，everything等或“every＋名詞”連用時(shí)，不管not在它們之前還是之后，都表示部分否定。Noneofuswasgoingtotheparty.我們當(dāng)中沒人打算去參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。Notallofthemsmoke.＝Allofthemdon’tsmoke.他們當(dāng)中不是所有人都吸煙。單句語法填空1.Successisjustonthe

side.You

havetowantitenough，andbewillingenoughtogetit.2.Manysinglessaytheregulardatingscenehasjustledthemfromonebadexperienceto

andarereadytotrysomethingelse.3.Nobodylikestotalkaboutdeath，buttherealityis—everyoneisgoingtodieatonepoint，but

ofusknowtheday，orthehour.otheranothernone點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)24.Bothteamswereinhardtraining；

waswillingtolosethegame.5.MrZhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent，

thatIhaveneverseen.neitherone單句語法填空1.Asthesonggoes，thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”，anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin______(I).(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)2.Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition，suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains，couldhelpChinadecidewhether

(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.(2020·全國Ⅰ)對(duì)接高考技法指導(dǎo)解題策略mineits3.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.Shewasextremelypretty，andherhousewasareflectionof

(she)，everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.(2021·浙江6月)4.ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap

canbetoeatout.(2018·浙江6月)herselfit1.通過句子成分確定所填代詞的形式如果作主語，則用人稱代詞的主格；如果作賓語或表語，則用人稱代詞的賓格；如果作定語，則用形容詞性物主代詞；如果作賓語、表語或同位語且又和句子的主語為同一人或物，則用反身代詞。2.通過句式結(jié)構(gòu)和“指代”，判斷是否用it如果指代上文提到的同一個(gè)事物，則用it；如果指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離或環(huán)境情況則用it；如果作形式主語或形式賓語，則用it；注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/dependon/seeto...＋it＋從句。技法指導(dǎo)返回考點(diǎn)三介詞微小說導(dǎo)入1.表示方位的介詞Wewalkedacross①thebeach，through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwasunder④thebigtreemarkedin⑤themap.Aftersteppinginto⑥thehouse，wefoundasmallblacktable，over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧，onlytofindnothing.Myfriendfoundsomethingspecial—anemptybox.Beneath⑨itwasanotesaying，“Standbeside⑩thewindowandlookoutof?it.”

From?thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond?asmallhill.注釋：①across指從較為平坦的表面穿過。②through指從立體的事物中間穿過。③to指到某處，去某處。④under在……下面，無接觸面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(無接觸面)；on在……上面(有接觸面)。⑧around在/向……周圍。⑨beneath在……下面(有接觸面)。⑩beside在……旁邊。?outof向/在……外面。?from從……。?beyond在/向……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊，超出。2.表示時(shí)間的介詞Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2015.Myparentslefthomeat③6∶00amtomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldcomebackin②twohours.However，itwasn’tlongbefore④someoneknockedatthedoor，andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawastranger.Iquicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside，anddidn’topenituntil⑤myparentscameback.During⑥thetwohours，thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn’tlistentohim.Onseeingmyparents，thestrangersaid，“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor⑦twohourssince6∶10am.”Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchover⑧theyears?注釋：①on指在具體的某一天。②in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)等大時(shí)間之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段時(shí)間的詞之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在幾點(diǎn)鐘或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……時(shí)候。⑥during在……期間。⑦for表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。⑧over表示“在……期間”，表延續(xù)。3.表示原因的介詞Johnwaspunishedfor①cheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over②itandhetrembledwith③angerbecauseof④John’sbadbehaviour.注釋：①for表示原因，后面可以跟名詞(詞組)或句子。②at/over用在表示情緒的形容詞之后，后面跟代詞或名詞(詞組)。③with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。④becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不加陳述句，加名詞(短語)/名詞性從句。4.其他重要介詞Between①thetwoopinions，Iamfor②thefirstonebutagainst③thesecondone.By④wearingschooluniforms，studentscanbetreatedequallyby④othersdespite⑤thedifferenteconomicbackgroundsamong⑥

them.Besides⑦，thepriceiswithin⑧students’

reach.Moststudentsexcept⑨aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.注釋：①between表示兩者之間。②for表示支持。③against表示反對(duì)。④by表示“借助/通過……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示盡管，等于inspiteof。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示除此之外(還)。⑧within表示在……范圍之內(nèi)。⑨except表示同類事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示與整體陳述相對(duì)的細(xì)節(jié)修補(bǔ)。一、介詞的省略1.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等時(shí)，介詞常省略。Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.上周我們觀看了一場(chǎng)激動(dòng)人心的足球賽。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天來就哪天來。重難點(diǎn)精析2.表示時(shí)間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作“每一……”講時(shí)，其前不用介詞。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天一個(gè)蘋果，醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。3.習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的省略一些常和動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配使用的介詞常可省略，常見的此類搭配有spendsometime(in)doingsth.

，wastesometime(in)doingsth.

，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.

，bebusy(in)doingsth.

，stop/preventsb.

(from)doingsth.

等。FrankinsistedthathewasnotasleepalthoughIhadgreatdifficulty(in)wakinghimup.弗蘭克堅(jiān)持說自己沒有睡覺，雖然我叫醒他費(fèi)了好大勁。二、介詞不可遺漏的問題1.在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞不能遺漏。Thechildrenhavebeentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.這些孩子在幼兒園里得到了很好的照顧。2.當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，相關(guān)介詞也不可省略。Theproblemiswellworthpayingattentionto.這個(gè)問題很值得關(guān)注。3.在定語從句中，當(dāng)從句的謂語和先行詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且從句謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須加上介詞。Thelibrarywhichweoftengotoisnotfarawayfromourschool.我們常去的那個(gè)圖書館距離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。三、介詞與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的搭配callfor需要；要求passby經(jīng)過payfor為……付款figureout弄清楚applyfor申請(qǐng)dreamof夢(mèng)想searchfor尋找，搜索referto提及；參考beginwith以……開始contributeto貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；促成playwith同……一起玩；玩弄laughat嘲笑careabout關(guān)心；介意focuson集中于feellike想要charge...for...向……索費(fèi)holdup舉起exchange...for...用……來交換……relyon依靠gobackto追溯到四、介詞與名詞構(gòu)成的搭配1.at開頭的介詞短語ataloss不知所措atthecostof以……的代價(jià)atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)attheriskof冒……的危險(xiǎn)atwar處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)atthemercyof在……支配下；由……擺布atthesametime同時(shí)2.on開頭的介詞短語onexhibition/show在展出onaccountof因?yàn)閛nfire著火onaverage平均；一般地onsale出售，打折onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition決不onthedecrease/increase在減少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假3.by開頭的介詞短語byaccident偶然地byhand手工bymistake錯(cuò)誤地bychance偶然bytheday按天算bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地4.in開頭的介詞短語incash用現(xiàn)金付款inchargeof掌管……indepth在深度上inreturn作為回報(bào)indetail詳細(xì)地indanger(of)在危險(xiǎn)中，垂危inheight在高度上inspiteof盡管inlength在長度上inexchangefor作為交換infavorof支持，贊成innotime立刻incaseof萬一；如果；假使innoway決不insupportof為支持……inplaceof代替inhonourof為向……表示敬意inpossessionof擁有，占有inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……inadditionto另外inthemiddleof在……中間5.of＋n.表示特征(等于相應(yīng)的形容詞)ofbenefit有益處的ofsignificance有意義的ofhelp有幫助的ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的ofvalue有價(jià)值的6.outof＋n.表示狀態(tài)outofbalance失去平衡outoforder發(fā)生故障outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofsight看不見outofcontrol失去控制outofthequestion不可能outofdate過期outofwork失業(yè)7.under＋n.表示被動(dòng)underattack遭到襲擊undertreatment在治療中underpressure在壓力下undercontrol處于控制之中8.with＋n.表示方式withdelight/joy高興地withfear害怕地withdifficulty困難地withpleasure樂意地withease輕而易舉地9.beyond＋n.表示“超出……，難以……”beyondcompare無與倫比beyonddescription難以描述beyondreach夠不到beyondexpression/words難以表達(dá)五、介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的搭配butfor要不是insteadof代替regardlessof不管，不顧apartfrom除……之外upto直到；由……決定accordingto根據(jù)alongwith隨著togetherwith連同bymeansof用……辦法；借助……owingto因?yàn)閱尉湔Z法填空1.Shepattedhim

theheadandsaid，“Mylittleboy，doyoufeelmorecomfortablenowthanbefore？”2.Ifyoucouldexchangelives

someoneforashorttime，wouldyouliketodothat?3.Asaresult，hespendshislifeinawheelchairandcannotwrite____meansofapenorpencil.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)onwithby4.Butwildlifetodaydisappearsoris

dangerjustbecausehumansdoharmtoit.5.Manytimeswedon’trealizehowroutineourliveshavebecomeandhowmuchwetakethem

granteduntilwefindourselvesinanewsituation.6.Theteacherpaused

ron單句語法填空1.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017，averageruralBMIincreased

2.1inwomenandmen.(2021·浙江1月)2.Museumsmustcompete

people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)3.Sometimeafter10,000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived

，throughagriculture.(2020·浙江7月)對(duì)接高考技法指導(dǎo)解題策略byforin技法一分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主語或表語，動(dòng)詞后又不缺少賓語，則在名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞前一定是填介詞。技法二記牢搭配1.注意短語搭配中介詞的正確使用。2.注意有特殊用法的介詞，如接復(fù)合賓語就只能用with或without。技法指導(dǎo)返回考點(diǎn)四動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語微小說導(dǎo)入Ilooked①atthewindowandsaw②abirdperchingonatree.Ikeptwatching③itbutitdidn’t④seeme.Thebirdlooked⑤

beautiful.Suddenlyacatappearedandthebirdgot⑤

frightened.Itseemedasifthebirdwas⑤indanger.However，itturnedoutthatIshouldn’t⑥havebeenworriedaboutit.It

had⑦flownawayswiftlybeforethecatdrewnear.注釋：動(dòng)詞的種類?有實(shí)際意義的動(dòng)詞叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，如文中的①②③。?文中的④⑦為助動(dòng)詞，不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語。⑥是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語。?動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞(可直接跟賓語)，如②③和不及物動(dòng)詞(需要加介詞后再跟賓語)如①。?根據(jù)表示的動(dòng)作是否可以延續(xù)，可分為與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如③以及不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如①②。?文中⑤為系動(dòng)詞，后面可以直接跟形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。1.有些及物動(dòng)詞后面可以跟雙賓語，構(gòu)成vt.＋sb.

＋sth.

結(jié)構(gòu)，如：award(授予)，buy(買)，give(給)，leave(留下)，lend(借出)，offer(提供)，pay(付款)，show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告訴)，bring(帶來)，pass(傳遞)，sell(銷售)，send(送給)，write(給某人寫信)，envy(嫉妒)，refuse(拒絕)，save(節(jié)省)，spare(留出；免去)等。重難點(diǎn)精析2.不及物動(dòng)詞不可以直接跟賓語而且無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則考查點(diǎn)不會(huì)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見不及物動(dòng)詞有agree，go，work，listen，look，come，die，belong，fall，exist，rise，arrive，sit，sail，hurry，fail，succeed，run，swim，stand，sleep，lie等。如：Myfather

(work)inacomputercompany

(lie)intheeastofourcityfor5years.因?yàn)閣ork是不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以只能考查work的主動(dòng)形式，根據(jù)后面的for5years可知，應(yīng)該填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以是hasworked。另外，lie是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不可能是被動(dòng)形式，只能是主動(dòng)形式作定語，所以填lying。3.如果被考查動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，而且后面有賓語，則要考查其主動(dòng)形式；如果后面沒有賓語，則很可能考查其被動(dòng)形式。如：Manydoctors

(need)inWuhanwhenCOVID-19brokeout.因?yàn)閚eed是及物動(dòng)詞，其后無賓語，所以考查的是它的被動(dòng)形式。根據(jù)題意，此處用wereneeded。4.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可與時(shí)間段連用。如：講座已經(jīng)開始半個(gè)小時(shí)了。Thelecturehasbegunforhalfanhour.×Thelecturehasbeenonforhalfanhour.√5.可用于“動(dòng)詞＋sb.

＋of＋sth.

”結(jié)構(gòu)的常見動(dòng)詞：accusesb.

ofsth.

指責(zé)/控告某人某事curesb.

ofsth.

治好某人的病ridsb.

ofsth.

使某人擺脫某物cheatsb.

ofsth.

欺騙某人某物remindsb.

ofsth.

使某人想起某事informsb.

ofsth.

通知某人某事robsb.

ofsth.

搶劫某人的東西

warnsb.

ofsth.

警告某人某事convincesb.

ofsth.

使某人確信某事suspectsb.

ofsth.

懷疑某人某事6.可用于“動(dòng)詞＋sb.

＋fordoingsth.

”結(jié)構(gòu)的常見動(dòng)詞：blamesb.

fordoingsth.

指責(zé)某人做某事scoldsb.

fordoingsth.

criticizesb.

fordoingsth.

批評(píng)某人做某事forgivesb.

fordoingsth.

excusesb.

fordoingsth.

pardonsb.

fordoingsth.原諒某人做某事punishsb.

fordoingsth.

因做某事而懲罰某人thanksb.

fordoingsth.

感謝某人做某事7.可用于“動(dòng)詞＋sb.

/sth.

＋fromdoingsth.

”結(jié)構(gòu)的常見動(dòng)詞：prevent/stop/keepsb.

/sth.

fromdoingsth.

阻止某人/物做某事

protect/preserve/defend/sheltersb.

/sth.

frombeingdone保護(hù)某人/物免于被……ban/prohibitsb.

/sth.

fromdoingsth.

禁止某人/物做某事8.常見動(dòng)詞短語bringbringin引進(jìn)；掙得bringabout引起，導(dǎo)致bringup養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)；提出bringdown降低；使倒下bringback把……帶回來；使恢復(fù)bringforward提出；提前breakbreakdown拋錨；(身體、精神)垮掉；(談判等)失敗；(化學(xué))分解breakup打碎；關(guān)系結(jié)束；解散breakthrough逾越，突破；沖破breakaway(from)掙脫，脫離breakout爆發(fā)breakin打斷，闖入breakoff折斷；中斷breakinto破門而入comecomeabout發(fā)生comeout出版；開花；(太陽、月亮)出來comeon加油；快點(diǎn)comeacross偶遇；被理解

cometrue變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)comeup走近；被提出comeupwith想出，提出comealong一起來carrycarryon繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持

carryout執(zhí)行carrythrough幫助渡過難關(guān)；完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)

getgetacross傳達(dá)，使理解getalong/on(with)進(jìn)展，相處

getaway逃脫，設(shè)法離開getdown下來；下車

getin收割；到達(dá)getoff下車；下班getup起床getthrough接通；通過；完成；度過；使理解

getdownto開始認(rèn)真干getover克服givegiveup放棄givein屈服；呈交giveout耗盡；分發(fā)giveaway泄露；贈(zèng)送giveoff發(fā)出

giveback歸還；使恢復(fù)gogoagainst違背gowithout(沒有……)勉強(qiáng)維持，湊合goinfor愛好；參加考試(或競(jìng)賽)goon繼續(xù)goover復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)審查goahead進(jìn)行；去做吧，拿去用吧

gothrough經(jīng)歷goaway走開

gofor去取來或接來；爭取得到goout出去；熄滅holdholdonto堅(jiān)持，抓住不放holdback阻礙(某人發(fā)展)；抑制(情感)holdon別掛斷，等會(huì)兒；堅(jiān)持keepkeepaway(from)使遠(yuǎn)離keepoff避免吃(或喝、吸)……；使不接近；回避某話題keepon繼續(xù)keepout擋在外邊；(警示語)請(qǐng)勿靠近keepup保持(高昂情緒)，不低落；持續(xù)keepupwith跟上looklookahead向前看lookafter照看；負(fù)責(zé)處理

lookback回憶，回顧lookout當(dāng)心，提防；找出lookup向上看；查閱；形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn)lookdownupon看不起lookforwardto盼望lookthrough瀏覽；快速查看lookinto調(diào)查；向內(nèi)看lookaround環(huán)視；游覽makemakeup編造；化妝；組成，構(gòu)成；彌補(bǔ)bemadeupof由……構(gòu)成makeupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)makeout辨認(rèn)出(看出、聽出)；理解putputdown放下來；平定，鎮(zhèn)壓；記下putaside把……放到一邊；儲(chǔ)存putaway把……收起來；儲(chǔ)蓄putforward提出(計(jì)劃、建議)；撥快；提前

putoff延期，推遲puton穿戴；上演；增加putout撲滅putup建造；舉起；張貼；為……提供住宿putupwith容忍sendsendfor派人去請(qǐng)sendout發(fā)送；發(fā)出(請(qǐng)柬、信號(hào)等)setsetoff出發(fā)；引爆setout出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；著手做setup創(chuàng)建，建立；豎起setabout開始做；著手做setaside留出；把……放在一邊；不理會(huì)setapart使與眾不同

setdown讓(乘客)下車；寫下；記下taketakein吸收；理解；欺騙；收容takeup從事；拿起；占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)takeoff飛機(jī)起飛；脫下

takeplace發(fā)生takealong隨身攜帶takeaway帶走，拿走

takecharge負(fù)責(zé)，掌管takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takeout拿出；帶……出去takeover接管，接任

turnturnaway轉(zhuǎn)身，走開turnout結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)turndown拒絕；調(diào)小turnon打開；取決于turnoff關(guān)掉turnover打翻；翻身turnin上交(作業(yè)等)turninto變成；成為turnto求助于；翻到turnup調(diào)大；出現(xiàn)單句語法填空1.Mary

(walk)inthegardenwhenitbegantorain.2.English

(teach)inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.3.Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe

(finish)militaryservice.4.Pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou

(come).waswalking點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)hasbeentaughtfinishescome5.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturned

.6.Tokeephealthy，ProfessorJohnsontook

cyclingasaregularformofexerciseafterheretired.downup單句語法填空1.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020·全國Ⅰ)2....becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon

(construct).(2020·全國Ⅰ)對(duì)接高考技法指導(dǎo)解題策略touchedisconstructed3.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.(2020·全國Ⅱ)4.Theartistwassurehewould

(choose)，butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.(2020·全國Ⅲ)decoratedbechosen1.動(dòng)詞的考查常常和時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)或非謂語結(jié)合起來考。所以分清動(dòng)詞是及物還是不及物，能否用被動(dòng)形式至關(guān)重要。2.記牢動(dòng)詞短語，分清同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加不同的介詞或副詞分別是什么意義。技法指導(dǎo)返回層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練層級(jí)二高考真題練層級(jí)三語篇提能練考點(diǎn)分層演練單句語法填空1.—WehadareallydampSeptemberthisyear.—Ican’tremember

autumnwhenitraineds