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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)南國(guó)商學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Hisheart()withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.flapped
B.flourished
C.flushed
D.fluttered
【答案】D
【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。flap“拍打,扔,飄動(dòng)”;flourish“繁榮,活躍,夸耀”;flush“發(fā)紅,使激動(dòng)”;flutter“撲動(dòng),震顫”。句意:在等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)接見時(shí),他激動(dòng)得心怦怦直跳。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
2.單選題
He’scolor-blindandcan’t(
)thedifferencebetweenredandgreeneasily.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.detect
B.discover
C.distinguish
D.determine
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。detect“偵查,發(fā)現(xiàn)”;discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;distinguish“區(qū)分,辨別”;determine“下決心”。句意:他是個(gè)色盲,他不能輕易區(qū)分紅色與綠色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
3.翻譯題
Passage1
當(dāng)然,水的質(zhì)量及其他許多環(huán)境問題和人類健康問題密切相關(guān)。雖然許多過去的疾病危害已經(jīng)得到控制甚至消滅,但一些舊疾病至今仍能置人于死地,而且,人類面臨越來越多的新型疾病的攻擊威脅。某些新的致命病毒的殺傷力更強(qiáng)大,蔓延的速度更快。人類迫切需要新的醫(yī)療技術(shù)和方法。
Passage2
近年來隨著傳感器和無線移動(dòng)設(shè)備的飛速發(fā)展,隨時(shí)隨地獲得個(gè)人位置成為可能。一方面,促進(jìn)了基于位置服務(wù)的飛速發(fā)展,另一方面,個(gè)人位置隱私泄露的問題引超人們的廣泛關(guān)注。由于移動(dòng)環(huán)境中位置信息的特殊性,造成無法直接利用現(xiàn)有的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)隱私保護(hù)技術(shù)。
Passage3
再次,管理具有二重性,管理科學(xué)只是管理自然屬性的一種表現(xiàn)、它并不能解決管理社會(huì)屬性的全部問題。其自然屬性是可以并有望科學(xué)化的,但是其社會(huì)屬性只能通過正確處理人際關(guān)系來解決。從這個(gè)角度上講,管理應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于人文科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué),或者說管理科學(xué)具有很強(qiáng)的人文性質(zhì)。
ChooseONLYONEpassagefromthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored
【答案】Passage1
Naturally,waterqualityandmanyotherenvironmentalconcernsarecloselyrelatedtoquestionsofhumanhealth.Whilemanyofthehealthscourgesofthepasthavebeencontrolledandeveneliminated,otheroldonesstillhaveremaineddeadly.Andpeopleareattackedbyincreasingnewkindsofdisease,someofwhichkillpeoplefatallyandspreadfaster.Humanareeagertorequirenewmedicaltechnologiesandmethods.
Passage2
Duetotherapiddevelopmentofsensorsandwirelessmobiledeviceinrecentyears,ithasbecomepossibletoacquireinformationofindividualpositionsanytimeandanywhere.Ontheonehand,itpromptstherapiddevelopmentbasedonpositionservice.Ontheotherhand,theissueofleakageofpersonalpositionprivacyarouseswideconcern.Becauseoftheparticularityofpositioninformationinmobilecontext,itisimpossibletomakeuseofthepresentprivacyprotectiontechnologyofrelationaldatabase.
Passage3
Moreover,managementhasadualcharacter.Asonlyanexhibitionofthenaturalpropertiesofmanagement,managementsciencecannotsolvealltheproblemswiththesocialpropertiesofmanagement.Theissuesconcerningitsnaturalpropertiescanbehopefullymadescientific,whiletheissuesconcerningitssocialpropertiescanonlybesolvethroughthecorrecthandlingofinterpersonalrelationships.Fromthisperspective,managementshouldbeclassifiedasahumanscienceandsocialscience,orwecansaythatmanagementsciencehasastronghumanitynature.
4.單選題
Ifyoucannotattendthemeeting,pleasefindsomeoneto____foryou.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.replace
B.substitute
C.displace
D.misplace
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.replace取代B.substitute代替
C.displace取代;替代D.misplace隨意擱置;亂放
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。
【解題思路】substitutefor意為“代替;取代”。由句意“如果你不能參加會(huì)議,請(qǐng)找人……你。”可知該搭配符合句意,意為“如果你不能參加會(huì)議,請(qǐng)找人代替你。”因此選A。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)replace“取代”,replacefor意為“將……取代成……”,不符合語境;
C選項(xiàng)displace“取代;替代”,不與for搭配;
D選項(xiàng)misplace“隨意擱置;亂放”不符合語境。
【句意】如果你不能參加會(huì)議,請(qǐng)找人代替你。
5.單選題
Amajorcharacteristicofparliamentarygovernmentisthefusionofexecutiveandlegislativepowersinonebody.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fixing
B.strength
C.union
D.alignment
【答案】C
【解析】句意:議會(huì)制政府的一個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)是行政權(quán)和立法權(quán)合二為一。fusion意為融合。fixing固定,加固;strength力量,力氣;union聯(lián)合,聯(lián)盟,工會(huì);alignment隊(duì)列,校準(zhǔn),結(jié)盟。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。
6.單選題
The______ofmaterialismhasdominatedthethinkingofyoungpeopleandledthemtopursueasmuchpersonalgainsaspossible.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.lure
B.tempt
C.seduce
D.induce
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.lure吸引力;誘惑力n.B.tempt引誘;誘惑v.
C.seduce誘奸v.D.induce勸說;誘使v.
【考查點(diǎn)】名詞和動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】分析句子可知,The______ofmaterialism是句子的主語,主語應(yīng)該為名詞、代詞或名詞性短語,所以空格處要填入一個(gè)名詞,故只有A項(xiàng)符合條件。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞,不符合句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)。
【句意】物質(zhì)主義的誘惑主導(dǎo)了年輕人的思想,使他們盡可能地追求個(gè)人利益。
7.翻譯題
1.成功的國(guó)際營(yíng)銷不僅僅在于好的翻譯,如果銷售人員想避免犯錯(cuò)誤的話,他們就必須研究和了解文化的其他方面。
2.當(dāng)國(guó)家未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)越來越依靠科學(xué)和技術(shù)的時(shí)候,教育在一個(gè)國(guó)家未來的前途中起著決定性的作用。
3.在大多數(shù)文化中,忍受痛苦和沉默寡言受到人們的珍視,而表露自己的情感被看作是一個(gè)人的缺點(diǎn)。
4.未來幾十年,整個(gè)世界將要面臨的最迫切的挑戰(zhàn)之一,就是如何緩解人類的活動(dòng)給環(huán)境造成的日益嚴(yán)重的壓力。
5.教育軟件把教育和娛樂融入到一起,這種寓教于樂的軟件給學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了邊學(xué)邊玩的機(jī)會(huì)。
【答案】1.Successfulinternationalmarketingisnotjustaboutgoodtranslation.Ifsalespersonnelwanttoavoidmakingmistakes,theymuststudyandlearnaboutotheraspectsofculture.
2.Atatimewhenanation’sfutureeconomicgrowthisincreasinglydependentonscienceandtechnology,educationplaysadecisiveroleinitsfutureprospects.
3.Inmostcultures,sufferingandbeingsilencearevalued,whileshowingone’sfeelingsisseenasaweakness.
4.Oneofthemostpressingchallengestheworldwillfaceinthecomingdecadesishowtoalleviatetheincreasingpressuresontheenvironmentcausedbyhumanactivities.
5.Educationalsoftwarecombineseducationwithentertainment.Thiskindofedutainmentsoftwarecreatesopportunitiesforstudentstolearnwhileplaying.
8.單選題
Peopleinnately()forsuperiorityovertheirpeersalthoughitsometimestakestheformofanexaggeratedlustforpower.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.strive
B.ascertain
C.justify
D.adhere
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。A選項(xiàng)“為……奮斗,爭(zhēng)取……”;B選項(xiàng)“確定,探知”;C選項(xiàng)“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籇選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持……”,句意為:人們天生()比同齡人優(yōu)越,盡管有時(shí)表現(xiàn)為夸張的權(quán)力欲。本句表示“人們天生就想爭(zhēng)取比同齡人優(yōu)越”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
9.單選題
Miststealssilentlyin,turnsfamiliarlandscapesstrange,dampenssounds,________vision—thenclearssuddenlyandwithoutwarning.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.spoils
B.blows
C.tears
D.blurs
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.spoils破壞,糟蹋B.blows吹,刮
C.tears撕裂,撕開D.blurs視線模糊,看不清
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】本句主語是“Mist(薄霧)”,空格處和下文的“vision(視野)”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯,并且和“steals(潛入)、turns(轉(zhuǎn)變)、dampens(減弱)”構(gòu)成并列謂語,表示薄霧對(duì)感官產(chǎn)生的作用。由“turnsfamiliarlandscapesstrange,dampenssounds(把熟悉的風(fēng)景變得陌生,減弱了聲音)”可知,薄霧應(yīng)該是減弱了人們的感知,所以視野也應(yīng)該是變模糊的。blur指看不清楚東西,因此D選項(xiàng)blurs“視線模糊,看不清”最符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)spoils“破壞,糟蹋”指把好的東西變成壞的、不愉快的、無用的東西,不符合題干的語義邏輯;
B選項(xiàng)blows“吹,刮”指從口中吹氣或刮風(fēng),不能和“vision(視野)”進(jìn)行搭配;
C選項(xiàng)tears“撕裂,撕開”指將某物撕成碎片或用鋒利的東西切割而損壞某物,不符合題干的語義邏輯。
【句意】薄霧悄悄地潛入,把熟悉的風(fēng)景變得陌生,減弱了聲音,模糊了視野——然后突然消失,沒有任何預(yù)兆。
10.單選題
Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular(
)for30millionparticipantsofallages.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fantasy
B.pastime
C.symposium
D.penalty
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”;pastime“消遣,娛樂”;symposium“座談會(huì)’;penalty“懲罰”。句意:在過去的三十年里,跑步對(duì)于3000萬名各個(gè)年齡層的參與者來說成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
AsGilbertWhite,Darwin,andothersobservedlongago,allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationmakesthistaskmoredifficult:somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;othersexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly,withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather,andinothercasesnot.
Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns,oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshavedensity-dependentgrowthparameters;thatis,ratesofbirth,death,andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshavedensity-independentgrowthparameters,withvitalratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.
Thisdichotomyhasitsuses,butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronething,nopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth,death,andmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages,iftherewerenodensity-dependenteffects,thepopulationwould,inthelongrun,eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceledexactly).Putanotherway,itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independentcauses,andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant,andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet,whetherrecognizedornot,theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.
Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist’sinvestigation,wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthesignalecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret,onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhighones,whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproducenoiseinthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant,orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles,thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed,eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations,wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.
1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith______.
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedtobe______.
3.Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsEXCEPT______.
4.Thediscussionconcerningpopulationinthethirdparagraphservesprimarilyto______.
5.Inthetext,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance
B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur
C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizeandsuggestingwaystotestit
D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswer
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations
B.instrumental,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized
C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances
D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyear
B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbers
C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweather
D.uncheckedincreasesinnumbersovermanygenerations
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.demonstratethedifficultiesecologistsfaceinstudyingdensity-dependentfactorslimitingpopulationgrowth
B.advocatemorerigorousstudyofdensity-dependentfactorsinpopulationgrowth
C.provethatthedeathratesofanypopulationareneverentirelydensity-independent
D.underlinetheimportanceofevensmalldensity-dependentfactorsinregulatinglong-termpopulationdensities
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.citetheviewsofotherbiologists
B.defineabasicproblemthatthetextaddresses
C.presentconceptualcategoriesusedbyotherbiologists
D.describetheresultsofaparticularstudy
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith______.1.本文的作者主要關(guān)注______。
A.discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportanceA.討論控制人口增長(zhǎng)的兩類因素,并評(píng)估它們的相對(duì)重要性
B.describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccurB.描述自然種群的增長(zhǎng)率如何隨時(shí)間波動(dòng),并解釋為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這些變化
C.proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizeandsuggestingwaystotestitC.提出關(guān)于種群規(guī)模的假設(shè)并提出檢驗(yàn)方法
D.posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswerD.提出一個(gè)關(guān)于人口增長(zhǎng)中的環(huán)境因素的基本問題,并給出一些目前被接受的答案
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】文章首先提出物種增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)象,隨即提出二分法并對(duì)其進(jìn)行討論,最后對(duì)這個(gè)二分法進(jìn)行評(píng)估,因此在這篇文章中,作者主要關(guān)注的是討論控制人口增長(zhǎng)的兩類因素以及他們的重要性,所以A項(xiàng)“討論控制人口增長(zhǎng)的兩類因素,并評(píng)估它們的相對(duì)重要性”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“描述自然種群的增長(zhǎng)率如何隨時(shí)間波動(dòng),并解釋為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這些變化”、C項(xiàng)“提出關(guān)于種群規(guī)模的假設(shè)并提出檢驗(yàn)方法”和D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于人口增長(zhǎng)中的環(huán)境因素的基本問題,并給出一些目前被接受的答案”都是文章中的一部分,不夠全面,這三項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedtobe______.2.從文中可以推斷,作者認(rèn)為討論的二分法______。
A.applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulationsA.只適用于不穩(wěn)定波動(dòng)的人口
B.instrumental,butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognizedB.有用的,但前提是它的局限性被認(rèn)識(shí)到
C.dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstancesC.在大多數(shù)情況下都是危險(xiǎn)的誤導(dǎo)
D.acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomenaD.解釋觀察到的現(xiàn)象的一種完整而充分的方法
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞dichotomy定位至第三段首句“這種二分法有它的用途,但如果從字面上理解,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生問題(butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally)”,其中二分法指的是第二段提到的兩類種群,即相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的種群和高度變化的種群,第二段討論了這兩種種群的不同用途,說明二分法是有用的;然后第三段首句卻提到butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally(但如果從字面上理解,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生問題),可以看出,二分法有其局限性,所以B項(xiàng)“有用的,但前提是它的局限性被認(rèn)識(shí)到”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“只適用于不穩(wěn)定波動(dòng)的人口”表述太絕對(duì),該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;
C項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)情況下都是危險(xiǎn)的誤導(dǎo)”和D項(xiàng)“解釋觀察到的現(xiàn)象的一種完整而充分的方法”表述都比較片面,這兩項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
3.Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsEXCEPT______.3.根據(jù)本文,以下所有的行為都在不同的物種中出現(xiàn)過,除了______。
A.roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyearA.每年大致保持恒定的人口水平
B.regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbersB.數(shù)字有規(guī)律的增加和減少的循環(huán)
C.erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweatherC.數(shù)量的不穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)與天氣有關(guān)
D.uncheckedincreasesinnumbersovermanygenerationsD.數(shù)代人不受制約的增長(zhǎng)
【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)首段前兩句“正如吉爾伯特?懷特、達(dá)爾文和其他人很久以前觀察到的那樣,所有物種(allspecies)似乎都具有與生俱來的能力,能夠一代一代地增加它們的數(shù)量。生態(tài)學(xué)家的任務(wù)是理清環(huán)境和生物因素,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看,這些因素制約著(incheck)人口增長(zhǎng)的內(nèi)在能力”,其中allspecies對(duì)應(yīng)了題干中的differentpopulations,可知不同的物種都具有能夠一代一代地增加它們的數(shù)量的能力,但是這種能力受到環(huán)境和生物因素的制約,D項(xiàng)“數(shù)代人不受制約的增長(zhǎng)”中的unchecked與原文不符合,但符合題干,故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“每年大致保持恒定的人口水平”、B項(xiàng)“數(shù)字有規(guī)律的增加和減少的循環(huán)”和C項(xiàng)“數(shù)量的不穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)與天氣有關(guān)”,根據(jù)第一段最后一句“不同種群表現(xiàn)出的各種動(dòng)態(tài)行為使得這項(xiàng)任務(wù)更加困難:有些種群年復(fù)一年大致保持不變;另一些則表現(xiàn)出規(guī)律性的豐富性和稀缺性循環(huán);還有一些情況差別很大,疾病的爆發(fā)和崩潰在某些情況下與天氣密切相關(guān),而在其他情況下則與天氣無關(guān)”可知,這三項(xiàng)行為都在不同的物種中出現(xiàn)過,故屬于反向干擾。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
4.Thediscussionconcerningpopulationinthethirdparagraphservesprimarilyto______.4.第三段中關(guān)于種群的討論主要是為了______。
A.demonstratethedifficultiesecologistsfaceinstudyingdensity-dependentfactorslimitingpopulationgrowthA.說明生態(tài)學(xué)家在研究限制種群增長(zhǎng)的密度依賴因素時(shí)所面臨的困難
B.advocatemorerigorousstudyofdensity-dependentfactorsinpopulationgrowthB.提倡更嚴(yán)格地研究種群增長(zhǎng)中密度依賴的因素
C.provethatthedeathratesofanypopulationareneverentirelydensity-independentC.證明任何種群的死亡率都不是完全與密度無關(guān)的
D.underlinetheimportanceofevensmalldensity-dependentfactorsinregulatinglong-termpopulationdensitiesD.強(qiáng)調(diào)即使是很小的密度依賴因素在調(diào)節(jié)長(zhǎng)期的種群密度方面的重要性
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】首先定位第三段,該段主要陳述density-dependentfactors(密度依賴因素),由最后三句“換句話說,種群中平均99%的死亡是由與密度無關(guān)的原因引起的,只有1%是隨密度變化的因素引起的。構(gòu)成這1%的因素可能看起來不重要,它們的原因可能相應(yīng)地難以確定。然而,無論是否被認(rèn)識(shí)到,它們通常將決定長(zhǎng)期的平均種群密度。”可知,種群中只有1%的死亡是由密度依賴因素引起,但是這1%的因素通常決定長(zhǎng)期的平均種群密度,綜合理解可以推斷,第三段關(guān)于種群的討論主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)密度依賴因素在調(diào)節(jié)種群密度方面的重要性,D項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)即使是很小的密度依賴因素在調(diào)節(jié)長(zhǎng)期的種群密度方面的重要性”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“說明生態(tài)學(xué)家在研究限制種群增長(zhǎng)的密度依賴因素時(shí)所面臨的困難”在第三段沒有依據(jù),該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
B項(xiàng)“提倡更嚴(yán)格地研究種群增長(zhǎng)中密度依賴的因素”,該段只是證明了種群增長(zhǎng)中密度依賴因素的重要性,但是advocate在該段沒有體現(xiàn),該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;
C項(xiàng)“證明任何種群的死亡率都不是完全與密度無關(guān)的”并不是第三段討論種群的重點(diǎn),該項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
5.Inthetext,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.5.在本文中,作者做了以下所有的事情,除了______。
A.citetheviewsofotherbiologistsA.引用其他生物學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)
B.defineabasicproblemthatthetextaddressesB.定義文章要解決的一個(gè)基本問題
C.presentconceptualcategoriesusedbyotherbiologistsC.介紹其他生物學(xué)家使用的概念范疇
D.describetheresultsofaparticularstudyD.描述一項(xiàng)特定研究的結(jié)果
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】通讀全文可知,本文作者在論述自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)運(yùn)用了各種寫作手段,第一段引用生物學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)引出文章主題,第二段介紹其他生態(tài)學(xué)家所定義的概念,第三段和第四段則是提出二分法需要解決的一個(gè)問題,并介紹理解生態(tài)學(xué)家們所從事的研究的性質(zhì)的不同方法,只有D項(xiàng)“描述一項(xiàng)特定研究的結(jié)果”的寫作手法并沒有在文中運(yùn)用,故該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)“引用其他生物學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)”在第一段有體現(xiàn),該段引用了吉爾伯特?懷特和達(dá)爾文,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
B項(xiàng)“定義文章要解決的一個(gè)基本問題”在第三段有體現(xiàn),第一句提到“這種二分法有它的用途,但如果從字面上理解,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生問題”,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C項(xiàng)“介紹其他生物學(xué)家使用的概念范疇”在第二段有體現(xiàn),第一句提到“為了給這種千變?nèi)f化的模式賦予一些秩序,一種思想學(xué)派建議將種群分為兩類”,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。
12.單選題
Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks()theirplansforthenewbicycle.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.counting
B.stripping
C.elaborating
D.casting
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)count“計(jì)數(shù),計(jì)算”。B選項(xiàng)strip“剝奪,剝?nèi)ァ薄選項(xiàng)elaborate“精心制作,詳細(xì)闡述”。D選項(xiàng)cast“投,拋”。句意:這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的工程師們花了幾個(gè)星期的時(shí)間來詳細(xì)制定他們的新自行車計(jì)劃。根據(jù)句意可知,C項(xiàng)正確。
13.寫作題
WritealettertothedeanofadepartmentofauniversityintheUnitedStates,applyingforadmittancetothedepartmentasavisitingscholar.
1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.
2.Thecontentsincludewhatyouaregoingtodointhedepartment,andtheexplanationofthesourceofyourlivingexpenses.
3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.
4.Donotwritetheaddress.
【答案】DearSirorMadam,
MynameisLiMing.IamayoungteacherofEnglishfromWuhanUniversityofTechnology.IhavebeendevotingmyselftotranslationfromChineseintoEnglishandviceversaforquitealongtimeandhavepublishedalargenumberoftranslatedtexts.Butinmyowneyes,theyarefarfromperfect.Whyaretheyimperfect?Ithinktheyresultfromalackoftheguidanceoftranslationtheories,especiallyWesternones,whichwillundoubtedlydogoodtomyteachingcareerinChina.Undersuchcircumstances,IwishtofurthermyresearchbybeingavisitingscholarofyouruniversitybecauseIthinkhighlyofitsexcellentacademicatmosphere.Whenitcomestofinancialsupport,ChinaScholarshipCouncilhasdecidedtoprovidemewithscholarshipneededtostudyabroad.
IwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldacceptmeasavisitingscholarandIamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Yoursrespectfully
LiMing
14.單選題
Thenewmedialawthathassparkedafurorinthecountryrequiresallbroadcastanddigitalmediatoprovide“balancedcoverage”andisseenbycriticsasanattemptto()thepress.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.muzzle
B.underpin
C.sidestep
D.reassure
【答案】A
【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。muzzle“使緘默,封鎖...的言論”;underpin“鞏固,支持”;sidestep“回避”;reassure“使安心”。句意:在全國(guó)引起了軒然大波的新媒體法,要求所有廣播和數(shù)字媒體提供均衡的報(bào)道,被評(píng)論家認(rèn)為有可能帶來言論受限等結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
15.單選題
3.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.
B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.
C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.
D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.
【答案】A
【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.
M:Thencountmein.
W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.
Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士表示想去單身漢晚會(huì),女士確認(rèn)了時(shí)間為晚上八點(diǎn),并且要自帶酒水。
16.單選題
Opinionpollssuggestthattheapprovalrateofthepresidentisontheincrease.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.agreement
B.consensus
C.permission
D.support
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。approval表示“批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可”;A項(xiàng)agreement“協(xié)議,同意”,B項(xiàng)consensus“一致,合意”,C項(xiàng)permission“允許,許可”,D項(xiàng)support“支持”。句意:民意調(diào)查顯示,總統(tǒng)的支持率在上升。根據(jù)句意可知,approval在句子中表示“支持”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)符合。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
17.單選題
Earthquakesrank______forestfires,floodandtornadoes______majorcalamities.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.with,as
B.like,in
C.in,as
D.for,in
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)rankwith“與……并列”,rankas“列為;看作”;B選項(xiàng)ranklike非詞組,rankin非詞組;C選項(xiàng)rankin非詞組,rankas“列為;看作”;D選項(xiàng)rankfor非詞組,rankin非詞組。句意:地震和森林火災(zāi)排名______,洪水和龍卷風(fēng)______重大災(zāi)害。綜合四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有A選項(xiàng)都可組成有意義的詞組,并且符合地震和森林火災(zāi)等級(jí)相同,洪水和龍卷風(fēng)為重大災(zāi)害的生活場(chǎng)景。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
Letter-writinggoesbacktothousandsofyearsbutheatedupduringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance.Historically(perhapsnow)letterswereindicatorsofstatusandbreeding.Likeconversation,theywereusedtomanipulate,embellish,entertain,threaten,seduceandofcoursedobusiness.OnthewayhomefromdiscoveringAmerica,ChristopherColumbusgotcaughtinastormandhismindturned—asagoodbourgeoisparent—tohistwosons.Whowouldpaytheirschoolfeesifhecametoawateryend?HepickedupaquillanddocumentedhisaccomplishmentsonthevoyageforhisSpanishpatrons,KingFerdinandandQueenIsabella,rolleduptheletterinawoodenMadeiracaskandthrewitintothesea.ThiswasnotsomuchforposteritybutratherwhatUniversityofYorkprofessorWilliamH.Shermanhascalled“afather’sdesperatepetitionforthefuturesupportofhischildren.”
The18thcenturywasstrongontheepistolarybook,whichmadeauthors’quarrelsespeciallyamusing.TobiasSmollettwroteTravelsThroughFrance&Italy(myfavoritelettercontainshisdescriptionofFrenchwomen:“Astheirfacesareconcealedunderafalsecomplexion,sotheirheadsarecoveredwithavastloadoffalsehair,frizzledattheforehead,soasexactlytoresemblethewoollyheadsoftheGuineanegroes”).HisapproachtoanythingforeignwasconsideredsofullofspleenbyauthorLaurenceSternethathewasmovedtowriteASentimentalJourney.ThissatiricalnovelgivesSmollettthenameSmelfungus—acantankerousmanaddictedtoexaggeration,whotalksofbeing“flay’dalive”bycannibals:“I’lltellit,criedSmelfungus,totheworld.Youhadbettertellit,saidI,toyourphysician.”SamuelJohnson,inreferringtohisownletters,claims“...hissoulliesnaked”buthehaddoubtsaboutthetruthfulnessofothers,writingthattherewas“notransactionwhichoffersstrongertemptationstofallacyandsophisticationthanepistolaryintercourse.”
How-tobooksabounded.Letters,apartfrombusinessones,wereseenasafemininetask,andtemplatesaddressedfeminineproblems.TheNewAcademyofComplements,forexample,publishedin1671,titledthelettertobewrittenbyabandonedwomen“ACrack’tVirgintoHerDeceitfulFriend.”Hand-writingisthemotif.“Nowyouappearsofoul,thatnothingcanbemoremonstrous;isthisthefruitofyourPromisesandVows...howcomesitthentopass,thatyouforsakeme,ruinmyReputation,andleavemetobecometheMapofShameandIgnominy…”IlongtousetheMapofShamebitbutIsuspectitwasasunhelpfulthenasboilingbunniesisnow.
AVanderbiltUniversitystudywayschildrentaughtcursivewritinglearnandexpressthemselvesbetter.Ifso,Ihaveafewsuggestionsforoureducators.Howaboutletters“OnReprimandingaPersonofDifferenceWithoutIncurringHateCharges”,or“AnAilingCitizentoHisCallousMinisterofHealth.”Thepossibilitiesare,sadly,limitless.
1.Letter-writing().
2.ASentimentalJourneybyLaurenceSterne().
3.SamuelJohnson().
4.Thethirdparagraphsuggestedthat().
5.Attheendofthearticle,theauthorsuggestedthat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.waswidelyacceptedthousandsofyearsago
B.couldserveawidevarietyofpurposesinthepast
C.servedasadocumentforwardedtotheKingandQueeninColumbus’case
D.helpedColumbusobtainfinancialsupportforhissons
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.isbasedonthestoriestoldinTravelsThroughFrance&Italy
B.isasequelofTravelsThroughFrance&Italy
C.isatravelogue
D.hasacharactermodeledonTobiasSmollett
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.truthfullyrecordedhislifeinhisletters
B.wasexceptionallytruetohimself
C.suggestedthatletter-writingwasmoretemptingthananyotherformsofwriting
D.suggestedthatlettersweremoresusceptibletofallacy
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.womencouldmakebetterletterwriters
B.lettersweremainlyaddressedtoabandonedwomeninhistory
C.thecentralthemeofletterswastheconcernanddespairofwomen
D.theauthorofhisarticlehadthesameexperienceasthewomenquoted
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.childrenshouldbetaughtcursivewritingsinceitmayhelpthembetterexpressthemselves
B.letter-writingcouldachieveasmuchascursivewriting
C.educatorsshouldencourageletter-writinginschools
D.he/sheh
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