中考英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)初一年級（上）【知識梳理】I.重點(diǎn)短語SitdownondutyinEnglishhaveaseatathomelooklikelookathavealookcomeonatworkatschoolputonlookaftergetupgoshoppingII.重要句型helpsb.dosth.Whatabout...?Lefsdosth.It'stimetodosth.It'stimefor...What's...?Itis.../It's...Whereis…?It's….Howoldareyou?Fm….Whatclassareyouin?I'min.…Welcomet〇.…What's...plus…？It's.…1think...Who'sthis?Thisis....Whatcanyousee?Icansee….Thereis(are)....Whatcolourisit(arethey)?Ifs(They're)…Whose...isthis?It's....Whattimeisit?lt's.….交際用語Goodmorning,Miss/Mr....Hello!Hi!Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.Howareyou?I'mfine,thankyou/thanks.Andyou?Seeyou.Seeyoulater.Thankyou!You'rewelcome.Goodbye!Bye!What'syourname?Mynameis....Hereyouare.Thisway,please.Who'sondutytoday?Let'sdo.Letmesee..重要語法.動詞be用法;.人稱代詞和物主代詞用法;.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格用法;.冠詞基本用法;.Therebe句型用法。【名師解說】l.in/on在表達(dá)空間位置時,in表達(dá)在某個空間范疇以內(nèi),on表達(dá)在某ー種物體表面之上。例如:Thereisabirdinthetree.樹上有只鳥。Thereisapictureonthewall.墻上有張圖。this/that/these/those(l)this常慣用來指在時間、地點(diǎn)上更接近發(fā)言人人和事,these是this復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常慣用來指在時間、地點(diǎn)上離發(fā)言人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)人和事，those時that復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:YoulookinthisboxandI*IIlookinthatoneoverthere.你看看這個盒子,我去看那邊那個盒子。Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.我想要這輛小汽車,不是那ー輛。Takethesebookstohisroom,please.請把這些書拿到她房間去。Thisismine；that*syours.這個是我,那個是你。Theseareapples；thoseareoranges.這些是蘋果,那些是橘子。(2)在打電話用語中,this經(jīng)常指是我,that經(jīng)常指是對方。例如:ThisisMaryspeaking.Who'sthat?我是瑪麗。你是誰?Therebe/haveTherebe”有”,其確切含意為”某處或某時存在某人或某物。”其構(gòu)造是:Therebe+某人或某物+表達(dá)地點(diǎn)或時間狀語。Therebe背面名詞事實(shí)上是主語,be動詞形式要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致,be動詞背面名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時用is,名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時用are。例如:(1)Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthetable.桌上有一大瓶子可樂。Thereisadollinthebox.那個盒子里有個娃娃。Therearemanyapplesonthetree.那樹上有許多蘋果。總之,Therebe構(gòu)造強(qiáng)調(diào)是ー種客觀存在”有”。have表達(dá)”擁有,占有,具備”,即：某人有某物(sb.have/hassth.)。主語普通是名詞或代詞,與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如:Ihavetwobrothersandonesister.我有兩個兄弟，一種姐姐。Thathousehasfourrooms.那所房子有四個房間。look/see/watch(l)look表達(dá)“看、瞧”,著重指認(rèn)真看,強(qiáng)調(diào)看動作,表達(dá)故意識地注意看,但不一定看到,以提示對方注意。,如:Look!Thechildrenareplayingcomputergames.瞧!孩子們在玩電腦游戲。Look!What'sthatoverthere?看!那邊那個是什么?單獨(dú)使用是不及物動詞,如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物,其后接介詞at,オ干帶賓語,如：He*slookingatme〇她正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”成果,著重是look這個動作成果,意思是“看到”，see是及物動詞,背面能直接跟賓語。如:Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在圖上看到什么?Lookattheblackboard.Whatdidyouseeonit?看黑板!你看至リ了什么?(3)watch”觀看,注視”,側(cè)重于場面,表達(dá)全神貫注地觀看、觀測或注視某事務(wù)活動,強(qiáng)調(diào)過程,慣用于“看電視、看足球、看表演”等。如:YesterdaywewatchedafootballmatchonTV.昨天咱們從電視上看了一場足球比賽。puton//inputon意為“穿上,戴上”。重要指“穿上”這ー動作,背面接表達(dá)服裝、鞋帽名詞。in是介詞,表達(dá)“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標(biāo)語和狀語。如:It,scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.外面冷,穿上你外衣。Heputsonhishatandgoesout.她戴上帽子，走了出去。ThewomaninawhiteblouseisJohn'smother.穿白色襯衣那個婦女是John媽媽。house/home/familyhouse：“房子”,指居住建筑物;Home：“家”,指ー種人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住地方;Family："家庭"，"家庭成員”。例如:Pleasecometomyhousethisafternoon.今天下午請到我家來。Heisnotathome.她不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.咱們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭ine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容詞表達(dá)“好”之意,但前三者既可作表語又可作定語,而后者僅用作表語。重要區(qū)別在于:(1)fine指物時表達(dá)是質(zhì)量上”精細(xì)”,形容人時表達(dá)是“身體健康”,也可以用來指"天氣晴朗”。例如:Yourparentsareveryfine.你父母身體很健康。That'safinemachine.那是一臺較好機(jī)器It'safinedayforawalktoday.今天是散步好時候。(2)nice重要側(cè)重于人或物外表,有“美好”，”美麗”意思,也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如:Lucylooksnice,露西看上去很美麗。Thesecoatsareverynice.那些裙子較好看。Nicetomeetyou.見到你很高興。It'sveryniceofyou.你真好。(3)good形容人時指”品德好”,形容物時指”質(zhì)量好”,是表達(dá)人或物各方面都好普通用語。例如:Hersonisagoodstudent.她兒子是ー種好學(xué)生。Theredcarisverygood.那輛紅色小汽車較好。（4）wel!只可用來形容人"身體好”,但不能作定語,它也能用作副詞作狀語,多放在所修飾動詞之后。例如:I'mverywell,thanks.我身體較好,謝謝。Myfriendssingwell.我朋友們歌唱得好。【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元重要集中在:.動詞be用法;.人稱代詞和物主代詞用法;.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格用法;.冠詞基本用法;.Therebe句型用法。.本單元學(xué)過詞匯、短語和句型；.本單元學(xué)過尋常交際用語。考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完畢句子。【中考范例】.（北京市中考試題）Mary,pleaseshowyourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me【解析】答案:D。該題考查是人稱代詞和物主代詞用法。本題中動詞show背面跟雙賓語,空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞賓格me作賓語。.（上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題）orangeonthedeskisforyou,Mike.A.AB.AnC./D.The【解析】答案：D。該題考查是冠詞基本用法。由于是特指課桌上那個橘子,因此用定冠詞the..（哈爾濱市中考試題）?-Whatthenumberofthegirlsinyourclass? Abouttwenty.A.isB.amC.areD.be【解析】答案:Ao該題考査是動詞be用法和主謂一致。thenumber作主語,應(yīng)當(dāng)是單數(shù)第三人稱,動詞be變?yōu)閕s。4.（陜西省中考試題）ThereafootballmatchonTVthisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohave【解析】答案:Bo該題考查是Therebe…句型和動詞have用法區(qū)別。Therebe句型自身就表達(dá)“在某個地方存在某個人或物”,不能和動詞have混在ー起用。初一年級（下）【知識梳理】I.重點(diǎn)短語abottleofalittlealot（of）alldaybefrombeovercomebackcomefromdoone'shomeworkdotheshoppinggetdowngethomegettogetupgoshoppinghaveadrinkofhavealookhavebreakfasthavelunchhavesupperlistentonot...atallput...awaytakeoffthrowitlikethatwouldlikeinthemiddleofthedayinthemorning/afternoon/eveningonafarminafactoryII.重要句型Letsb.dosth.Couldsb.dosth.?wouldlikesth.wouldliketodosth.Whataboutsomethingtoeat?Howdoyouspell...?MayIborrow...?III.交際用語—Thanksverymuch!一You'rewelcome.Putit/themaway.What'swrong?4.1thinkso.Idon'tthinkso.5.1wanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom.6.Givemeabottleoforangejuice,please.Pleasegiveit/thembacktomorrow.OK.What'syourfavouritesport?Don'tworry..Tm(not)goodatbasketball.Doyouwantago?That'sright./That'sallright./Allright.Doyouhaveadictionary/anydictionaries?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.We/TheyhavesomeCDs.We/Theydon'thaveanyCDs.?一Whatdayisittoday/tomorrow?—It'sMonday.■■-MayIborrowyourcolourpens，please?—Certainly.Hereyouare.???Whereareyoufrom?一FromBeijing.WhafsyourtelephonenumberinNewYork?—Doyoulikehotdogs?---Yes,Ido.(Alittle./Alot./Verymuch.)--No,Idon't.(Idon'tlikethematall.)—Whatdoesyourmotherlike?-Shelikesdumplingsandvegetablesverymuch.???Whendoyougotoschooleveryday?—Igotoschoolat7:00everyday.???Whattimedoeshegotobedintheevening?一Hegoestobedat10:00.IV.重要語法.人稱代詞用法;.祈使句;.當(dāng)前進(jìn)行時構(gòu)成和用法;.動詞have用法;.普通當(dāng)前時構(gòu)成和用法；.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成和用法【名師解說】That*sright./That'sallright./Allright.Tharsright意為“對”,表達(dá)贊同對方意見、看法或行為,必定對方答案或判斷。例如:"Ithinkwemusthelptheoldman.""我想咱們應(yīng)當(dāng)協(xié)助這位老人。""That'sright」或"You'rerigE.""說得對"。That'sailright.意為“不用謝”、“沒關(guān)系”,用來回答對方道謝或道歉。例如:"Manythanks.""That'sallright.""Sorry.It'sbroken.""That'sallright."Allright.意為“行了”、“可以”,表達(dá)批準(zhǔn)對方建議或規(guī)定。有時還可以表達(dá)“身體較好”"PleasetellmeaboutiL""請把此事告訴我。""Allright""好吧。"Isyourmotherallright?你媽身體好嗎make/do這兩個詞都可以解釋為“做”,但含義卻不同,不能混用。make指做東西或制東西,do指做一件詳細(xì)事。Canyoumakeapaperboatforme?你能為我做個紙船嗎?He,sdoinghishomeworknow.她正在做她作業(yè)。say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口語化最普通一種詞,意為“說出”、“說道”，著重所說話。如：“Iwanttogotherebybus”，hesaid,她說，“我要坐汽車到那里去。”PleasesayitinEnglish.請用英語說。speak:“說話”，著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說內(nèi)容，普通用作不及物動詞（即背面不能直接接賓語）〇如:Canyouspeakabouthim?你能不能說說她狀況?Idon*tliketospeaklikethis.我不喜歡這樣說話。speak作及物動詞解時,只能和某種語言等連用,表達(dá)在對話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯能力。如：ShespeaksEnglishwell.她英語說得好。talk：與speak意義相近，也著重說話動作，而不著重所說話，因而，普通也只用作不及物動詞，但是，talk暗示話是對某人說,有較強(qiáng)對話意味，著重指持續(xù)地和別人談話。如:Iwouldliketotalktohimaboutit.我想跟她談那件事。Oldwomenliketotalkwithchildren.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell：“告訴”,除較少狀況外,普通背面總接雙賓語。如:He'stellingmeastory.她在給我講故事。tellalie撒謊tellsb.todosth./tellsb.nottodosth如:.MissZhaooftentellsustostudyhard.docooking/dothecookingdocooking作“做飯”解,屬泛指。dothecooking特指某ー頓飯或某ー家人飯。cooking為動名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù),但前面可用some,much修飾。從dosomecooking可引出許多類似短語:dosomewashing洗些衣服dosomeshopping買些東西dosomereading讀書dosomewriting寫些東西dosomefishing釣魚從以上短語可引申出另ー類短語,不能用some,much或定冠詞。goshopping去買東西gofishing去釣魚goboating去劃船goswimming去游泳likedoingsth./liketodosth.likedoingsth.與liketodosth.意思相似,但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)普通性興趣或者表達(dá)動作習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性:日后表達(dá)一次性和偶爾性動作。例如:Helikesplayingfootball,buthedoesn'tliketoplayfootballwithLiMing.她喜歡踢足球，但是她不喜歡和李明踢。other/others/theother/anotherother表別的，別,如:Haveyouanyotherquestions?你尚有其她問題嗎?others另リ人,另リ東西.如:IntheroomsomepeopleareAmerican,theothersareFrench.在屋ナ里某些人是美國人,其她是法國人。theother表另一種（兩者之中）one…，theother…如:OneofmytwobrothersstudiesEnglish,theotherstudiesChinese.我兩個哥哥中一種學(xué)習(xí)英文,另ー種學(xué)中文。another表三者以上另ー種，另某些如:Thereisroomforanotherfewbooksontheshelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。inthetree/onthetreeinthetree與onthetree.譯成中文均為“在樹上”但英語中有區(qū)別。inthetree表達(dá)某人、某事(不屬于樹自身生長出別東西)落在樹上,表達(dá)樹枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時,要使用onthetree.如:Therearesomeapplesonthetree.那棵樹上有些蘋果。Thereisabirdinthetree.那棵樹上有只鳥。some/anysome和any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有如下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。(l)some慣用于必定句中,any慣用于否定句和疑問句中。如:Thereissomewaterintheglass.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Thereisn'tanywaterintheglass.(2)在說話者但愿得到必定答復(fù)普通疑問句中,或在表達(dá)祈求,邀請疑問句中,咱們依然用some〇如:Wouldyoulikesometea?tall/high(1)說人,動物,樹木等有生命東西,重要用tall,不用high,例如atallwoman一種高個子?jì)D女a(chǎn)tallhorseー種高大馬(2)說ー種不與地面接觸人和物高時,要用high,而不用tall,例如人站在桌子上時,飛機(jī)飛上天時,例如:Heishighupinthetree.她高高地爬在樹上。Theplaneissohighinthesky.飛機(jī)在空中這樣高。(3)指建筑物、山時要tall或high都可以,但是high限度比tall高。(4)high可作副詞,tall不能。(5)tall反義詞為short,high反義詞為low.10.can/couldcan表達(dá)體力和腦力方面能力,或依照客觀條件能做某種動作”能力"。例如:Canyourideabike?你會騎自行車嗎?WhatcanIdoforyou?要幫忙嗎?Canyoumakeacake?你會做蛋糕嗎?can用在否定句和疑問句中時有時表達(dá)說話人"懷疑““猜測”或不必定。例如:Wherecanhebe?她會在什么地方呢?Canthenewsbetrue?這個消息會是真嗎?Itsurelycan*tbesixo'clockalready?不也許已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?Youcan'tbehungrysosoon,Tom,you'vejusthadlunch.湯姆,你不也許餓得這樣快,你剛吃過午飯。Whatcanhemean?她會是什么意思?在尋常會話中,can可代替may表達(dá)”容許”,may比較正式。例如:Youcancomeinanytime.你隨時都可以來。--CanIuseyourpen?我能用你鋼筆嗎?一Ofcourse,youcan.固然可以。Youcanhavemyseat,I'mgoingnow.我要走了,你坐我座位吧。couldcould是can過去式,表達(dá)過去有過能力和也許性（在否定和疑問句中）。例如:Thedoctorsaidhecouldhelphim.（能力）醫(yī)生說她能協(xié)助她。Lilycouldswimwhenshewasfouryearsold.（能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲時候她就會游泳。Atthattimewethoughtthestorycouldbetrue.（也許性）那時咱們覺得所說也許是真。could可代替can表達(dá)當(dāng)前時間動作,但語調(diào)較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如:CouldIspeaktoJohn,please?我能和約翰說話嗎?Couldyou?在口語中表達(dá)祈求對方做事。例如:Couldyouwaithalfanhour?請你等半個小時好嗎?Couldyoupleaseringagainatsix?六點(diǎn)鐘請你再打電話好嗎?can形式只有當(dāng)前式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表達(dá)普通當(dāng)前和普通過去兩種時態(tài),有時也能表達(dá)將來。所有其她時態(tài)（涉及將來時）須用beableto加動詞不定式來表達(dá)。例如:TheyhavenotbeenabletocometoBeijing.她們沒有能到北京來。lookfor/findlookfor意為“尋找”,而find意為“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)丘前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這ー動作,并不注重“找”成果,而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”成果。例如:Shecan'tfindherruler.她找不到她尺子啦。Tomislookingforhiswatch,buthecan'tfindit.湯姆正在尋找她手表,但沒能找到。besleeping/beasleepbesleeping表達(dá)動作,意思是“正在睡覺"；beasleep表達(dá)狀態(tài),意思是“睡著了”。如:一Whatarethechildrendoingintheroom?孩子們在房間里做什么?--Theyaresleeping.她們正在睡覺。Thechildrenareasleepnow.當(dāng)前孩子們睡著了。often/usually/sometimesoften表達(dá)"經(jīng)常"，sometimes表達(dá)"有時候”,在表達(dá)發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。這三個詞表達(dá)是經(jīng)常性,普通性動作或狀況,常與普通當(dāng)前時連用,常位于重要謂語動詞前面,其她謂語動詞（be動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞）背面,有時也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語調(diào),則放在句首。Weusuallyplaybasketballafterschool.咱們普通放學(xué)后打籃球。SometimesIgotobedearly.有時,我睡覺很早。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.她經(jīng)常在上午讀英語。Howmuch/Howmanyhowmuch慣用來詢問某ー商品價(jià)格，常用句式是Howmuchis/are…？Howmuchistheskirt?這條裙子多少錢?Howmucharethebananas?這些香蕉多少錢?howmuch后加不可數(shù)名詞,表達(dá)數(shù)量,意為“多少“，howmany后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Howmuchmeatdoyouwant?你要多少肉呀?Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?你們班有多少人?begoodfor/begoodto/begoodatbegoodfor表達(dá)"對有好處"，而bebadfor表達(dá)"對有害"；begoodto表達(dá)”對和諧",而bebadto表達(dá)"對不好"；begoodat表達(dá)"擅長,在方面做得好"，而bebadat表達(dá)"在方面做得不好”。如:Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操對你眼睛有好處。Eatingtoomuchisbadforyouhealth.吃太多對你身體有害。MissLiisgoodtoallofus.李教師對咱們所有人都很和諧。Thebossisbadtohisworkers.這個老板對她工人不好。LiLeiisgoodatdrawing,butI'mbadatit.李雷擅長畫畫,但是我不擅長。each/everyeach和every均有“每ー種”意思,但含義和用法不相似。each從個體著眼,every從整體著眼。each可用于兩者或兩者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。如:Weeachhaveanewbook.咱們每人各有一本新書。Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.街兩旁有樹。Hegetsupearlyeverymorning.每天上午她都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞;every只能用作形容詞。如:Eachofthemhashisownduty.她們各人有各人義務(wù)。Theyeachwanttodosomethingdifferent.她們每個人都想做不同事情。17.普通當(dāng)前時/當(dāng)前進(jìn)行時普通當(dāng)前時表達(dá)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動作或存在狀態(tài),也表達(dá)說話者能力,尚有自然現(xiàn)象;而當(dāng)前進(jìn)行時表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生動作（構(gòu)成方式為am/is/are/+doing）oIdomyhomeworkintheevening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。!'mdoingmyhomeworknow.我當(dāng)前正在做作業(yè)。當(dāng)前進(jìn)行時常與now,thesedays,atthemomentLook,listen等詞連用;而普通當(dāng)前時常與often,always,sometimes,usually,everyday,inthemorning,onMondays等連用。Weoftencleantheclassroomafterschool.咱們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look!Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.看!她們正在打掃教室呢。【考點(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元重要集中在：1.動詞普通當(dāng)前時和當(dāng)前進(jìn)行時用法,人稱代詞用法,可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成和用法。2?本冊書中常用交際用語3?本冊書中某些重點(diǎn)詞組和短語考試形式往往是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文改錯和短文填空。【中考范例】.（安徽省中考試題）—Hurryup!We'reallwaitingforyou.-Iforanimportantphonecall.Gowithoutme.A.waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited【解析】答案:C?表達(dá)當(dāng)前正在進(jìn)行動作,用當(dāng)前進(jìn)行時。.（長春市中考試題）Couldyouhelp withEnglish,please?A.I,myB.me,meC.me,myD.my,I【解析】答案:Co第一種空作賓語,應(yīng)用人稱代詞賓格me,第二個空作定語,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。.（長春市中考試題）Dr.WhitecanFrenchverywell.A.speakB.talkC.sayD.tell【解析】答案：A?說什麼語言慣用動詞speak。.（黃岡中考試題）Englishisspokenby_people.A.alotB.muchmanyC.alargenumberofD.agreatdealof【解析】答案：C?HWalargenumberof能用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞people。4.he,say,Beijing,big,beautiful,like,work,here初二年級（上）【知識梳理】I.重點(diǎn)短語ontimebestwishesgiveatalkforexampleshortforawasteoftimegoonafieldtripgofishingagreenextweekthedayaftertomorrowhaveapicnichavesomeproblemsdoingsth.gothewrongwayhurryupgettogetherintheopenaironMid-AutumnDaycomeoverhavetogethomeagreewithinthecountryintownallthesameinfrontofontheleft/rightsidenexttoupanddownkeephealthygrowupatthesametimethedaybeforeyesterdaylastSaturdayhalfanhouragoamomentagojustnowbythewayallthetimeatfirstII.重要句型havefundoingsth.Whydon'tyou...?We'regoingtodosth.startwithsth.Whynot...?Areyougoingto...?befriendlytosb.You'dbetterdosth.asksb.forsth.saygoodbyetosb.Goodluck(withsb)!交際用語.Welcomebacktoschool!.Excuseme.I'msorryI'mlate,becausethetrafficisbad.tdoesn'tmatter..HappyTeachers'Day!.That'sagoodidea..Whatareyougoingtodo?.Wherearewegoing?.Whatarewegoingtodo?9.1'mgoodat...0.It'snotfarfrom....Areyoufreetomorrowevening?.WouldyouandLilyliketocomeovertomyhomeforMid-AutumnFestival?I'mgladyoucancome..Thanksforaskingus..Howaboutanotherone?.MayIhaveataste?.Letmewalkwithyou..Whatdoyouhavetodo?.Doyouliveonafarm?.Whichdoyoulikebetter,thecityorthecountry?.Whichdoyoulikebest,dogs,catsorchickens?.Shallwegoatten?Goodidea!.--Let'smakeithalfpastone.—OK..—Whynotcomealittleearlier?—Allright..Excuseme.Where'sthenearestpostoffice,please?26.It'soverthereontheright.'msorryIdon'tknow.28.You'dbetter...29.Thankyouallthesame.30.WhichbusdoItake?3l.Goalongthisroad.32.Whatdaywasityesterday?33.I'msorrytohearthat.34.1hopeyou'rebetternow.35.Whydidyoucallme?36.1calledtotell...IV.重要語法.begoingto用法;.形容詞比較級、最高檔;.形容詞和副詞比較.普通過去時【名師解說】onthestreet/inthestreet表達(dá)“在街上”時,onthestreet和inthestreet都可以,在美國多用onthestreet,在英國多用inthestreet.例如:Wehaveahouseinthestreet.咱們在街上有座房子。Imethimonthestreet.我在街上碰見了她。wouldlike/likewouldlike和like含義不同。like意思是"喜歡"，“興趣”,而wouldlike意思是"想要”。試比較:Ilikebeer.=I'mfondofbeer.我喜歡喝啤酒。I'dlikeaglassofbeer=1wantaglassofbeer.我想要一杯啤酒。Doyoulikegoingtothecinema?你喜歡看電影嗎?Wouldyouliketogotothecinematonight?你今晚想去看電影嗎?another/theother(l)another通慣用于三個或三個以上或不擬定數(shù)量中任意ー種人或物體。例如:May1haveanotherapple,please?請?jiān)诮o我ー種蘋果好嗎?Thiscoatistoosmallforme.Pleaseshowmeanother這件外套我穿太小,請?jiān)俳o我拿一件看看。(2)theother普通指兩者中另ー種。例如:Hehastworulers.Oneisshort.Theotherislong.她有兩把尺子，一把短,另一把長。Ihavetwobrothers.OneworksinXi'an.TheotherworksinBeijing,我有兩個兄弟，ー種在西安エ作,另ー種在北京工作。haveto/must(l)haveto和must都可以用來談?wù)摿x務(wù),但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺得必要去做而又想去時,慣用must。如果談?wù)撃撤N來自“外界”義務(wù),慣用haveto。例如:1muststopsmoking.我必要戒煙。(自己想戒煙)Theyhavetoworkfortheboss.她們不得不為那個老板工作。(條件逼得她們?nèi)スぷ?(2)haveto可用于各種時態(tài),must只能用于普通當(dāng)前時。例如:I'11havetogetupearlytomorrowmorning.明天上午我必要早早起床。Wehadtoworklonghourseverydayinordertogetmoremoney.為了多掙錢，咱們不得不每天長時間地工作。(3)用于否定句時,mustn't意思是“決不能”，“禁止”,而don'thaveto意思是“不必”，相稱于needn'to例如:Youmustn'tbelateagainnexttime.下一次你決不能再遲到。Youdon'thavetogotheretoday.Youcangotheretomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了〇你可以明天去。hearsb.orsth.doingsth./herarsb.orsth.dosth.hearsb.orsth.doingsth.意思是“聽到某人或某物在做某事”,而hearsb.orsth.dosth.意思“聽到某人或某物做過某事”。試比較:IhearhimsinginganEnglishsong.聽見她在唱英歌曲。IheardhimsinganEnglishsong.我聽見她唱一首英文歌。類似hear這種用法尚有see,watch,listen,feel等感官動詞。any/someany和some都可以同不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式連用,但some普通用在必定句中;any用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較:Iwantsomemoney.我想要點(diǎn)錢。Haveyouanymoney?你有錢嗎?1don'thaveanymoney.我ー點(diǎn)錢也沒有。some有時也用于疑問句,表達(dá)說話人期待ー種必定回答或勉勵人家說“是”。例如:Wouldyoulikesomemorebeer?請你再來點(diǎn)啤酒好嗎?CouldIhavesomerice,please?請給我來點(diǎn)米飯好嗎?hear/listentolistento和hear均有“聽”意思,但含義有所不同。Listento強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”動作,hear強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽”成果。例如:Listentome,please!I'mgoingtotellyouastory.請聽我說!我給你們講個故事。Listen!Canyouhearsomeonecryinginthenextroom?聽!你能聽見有人在隔壁房間里哭嗎?Ilistened,butheardnothing.我聽了聽，但什么也聽不見。hear背面如果接賓語從句,經(jīng)常表達(dá)“據(jù)說”。例如:Ihearsomeforeignstudentswillvisitourschool.我據(jù)說某些外國學(xué)生將要訪問咱們學(xué)校。Ihearthereisgoingtobeafilminourschoolthisevening.我據(jù)說今晚咱們學(xué)校要演ー場電影。Lefs.../Letus...Let,s-和Letus…都表達(dá)“讓咱們……”,如果us涉及聽話人在內(nèi),其含義相似,附帶問句用shallwe.如果us不涉及聽話人在內(nèi),其含義不同,Letus…附帶問句要用willyou。例如:Let'sgoshopping,shallwe?咱們?nèi)ベ徫锖脝?take/bring/carry/get這四個動詞均有“拿”和“帶”意思,但含義有所不同。take意為“帶走”，“拿走”，bring意為“帶來”，“拿來”，get表達(dá)“到別地方把某人或某物帶來或拿來”，carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向,帶有負(fù)重意思。試比較:Myparentsoftentakemethereonholidays.我父母經(jīng)常帶我到那里去度假。rmgoingtotakeyoutoBeijing.我準(zhǔn)備帶你去北京。Bringmeacupoftea,please.請給我端杯茶來。r11bringthebooktoyoutomorrow.明天我把那本書給你帶來。Thewaitercarriedthemetothetable服務(wù)員把肉送到桌上。Themonkeycarriedthebagonherback.猴子把那個包背在背上。Shewentbacktogetherhandbag.她折回去拿她手提包。Letmegetthedoctor.讓我去請醫(yī)生吧。10.faraway/faraway(l)faraway是ー種副詞短語,意思是“很遠(yuǎn)”。例如:Somearefaraway.Somearenearer.有些離得很遠(yuǎn)，有些離得近某些。Thevillageisfarawayfromhere.那個村子離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。(2)faraway是ー種形容詞,意思是“遙遠(yuǎn)”,可以在句中作定語。例如:Helivesinfarawaymountainvillage.她住在ー種遙遠(yuǎn)小山村。find/lookforfind和!ookfor均有“找”意思,但含義不同。find強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”成果,而lookfor強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”過程。請看下列例句:Heislookingforhisbike.她在找她自行車。!'mlookingformywatch,butcan*tfindit.我在找我手表，但是找不到。Ihopeyouwillsoonfindyourlostring.但愿你盡快找到丟失戒指。此外,find尚有“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；“感到”等意思。例如:Ifoundawalletinthedesk.我在課桌里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種錢包。Ifindthisbookveryinteresting.我覺得這本書很故意思。infrontof/inthefrontofInfrontof表達(dá)在某物前面,不在某物范疇內(nèi)。Inthefrontof表達(dá)在某物前部,在某物范疇內(nèi)。試比較:MyseatisinfrontofMary's.我座位在瑪麗座位前面。Heissittinginthefrontofthecarwiththedriver.她和司機(jī)坐在小車前部。【考點(diǎn)掃描】.begoingto用法:.形容詞比較級、最高檔;.形容詞和副詞比較.普通過去時.本單元學(xué)過詞匯、短語和句型;.本單元學(xué)過尋常交際用語。【中考范例】.（煙臺市中考試題）Intheexam,theyouare,themistakesyou5llmake.A.carefully,littleB.morecarefully,fewestC.morecareful,fewerD.morecareful,less【解析】答案:Co該題考查是形容詞和副詞比較以及她們比較級別用法。第一種空應(yīng)填形容詞careful比較級,由于它在句中作表語,第二個空應(yīng)填few比較級,由于它修飾是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。.（河北省中考試題）BobneverdoeshishomeworkMary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyD.ascarefulas【解析】答案:B?該題考查是形容詞和副詞用法比較。該空應(yīng)填副詞,由于它修飾是動詞does〇該題用是notas+副詞+as構(gòu)造,因此答案應(yīng)是B。.（重慶市中考試題）ThatdayIsawsomeparentsatthebackoftheclassroom,totheteacher.A.sitting,listenedB.sat,listenedC.sitting,listeningD.sat,listening【解析】答案:Co該題考查是seesb.doingsth.句型構(gòu)造和分詞作狀語用法。第一種空stting在句中作saw賓語補(bǔ)足語,第二個空!istening做隨著狀語。.（杭州市中考試題）Youopenthedoorbeforethetraingetsintothestation.A.don'thavetoB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynot【解析】答案:B。該題考查是幾種情態(tài)動詞否定式用法區(qū)別。don'thaveto和needn't意思都是“不必”，maynot意思是“可以不”,只有mustn't表達(dá)“不許”，“禁止”。初二年級（中）【知識梳理】I.重點(diǎn)短語giveaconcertfalldowngoonattheendofgobackinahurrywritedowncomeoutalltheyearroundlateronattimesringsb.upHappyNewYear!haveapartyholdonhearfrombereadyatthemomenttakeoutthesameasturnoverget-togetherputon