2021廣東中考英語2021廣東中考英語第一部分語法精講精練第十一節(jié)句子種類、簡(jiǎn)單句和主謂一致第一部分語法精講精練第十一節(jié)句子種類、簡(jiǎn)單句和主謂一目英語01中考導(dǎo)航02考點(diǎn)突破錄03課堂小測(cè)04語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用目英語01中考導(dǎo)航02考點(diǎn)突破錄03課堂小測(cè)04語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用中考導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)2020廣東省卷中考(語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用)語法選擇完形填空短文填空1.感嘆句1分(how)

2.特殊疑問句

3.祈使句

4.Therebe句型

中考導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)2020廣東省卷中考(語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用)語法選擇完考情分析:2020年語法選擇感嘆句考了1分,完形填空和短文填空未考查,但短文填空中也有可能考查感嘆句、祈使句和therebe句型,故復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)語法選擇和短文填空都必須重視!考情分析:2020年語法選擇感嘆句考了1分,完形填空和短文填考點(diǎn)突破感嘆句表示說話人的喜悅、氣憤、驚訝等強(qiáng)烈的情緒。感嘆句一般是由what或how開頭。what用來強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞,how則強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。考點(diǎn)突破感嘆句表示說話人的喜悅、氣憤、驚訝等強(qiáng)烈的情緒。感嘆1.感嘆句的基本句型(1)What(+a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語!Whatacleverboyheis!他是個(gè)多么聰明的男孩啊!Whatcoldweatheritis!多冷的天氣啊!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!(它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!1.感嘆句的基本句型在感嘆句中,whata/an常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若該名詞前面的形容詞為元音音素開頭,則用whatan。what是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞(rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等)前面有形容詞修飾,從而使抽象名詞具體化時(shí),則要用whata/an。在感嘆句中,whata/an常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若該名(2)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!Howkindyouare!你心腸真好!Howfasttheyareworking!他們的工作速度真快啊!how還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句,由“How+主語+謂語!”構(gòu)成。如:Howtimeflies!光陰似箭!(how修飾動(dòng)詞)(2)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!2.選用what和how的高效方法判斷感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞是what還是how,先把主謂和其他部分去掉,如果最后一個(gè)詞是名詞用what,是形容詞或副詞用how。若沒有主謂則看句末一詞來定。句末一詞是名詞用what,是形容詞或副詞用how。如:2.選用what和how的高效方法Whatasmartmanheis!(主謂是heis,把它們?nèi)サ?最后一詞是man,名詞,故用what)他是多么聰明的人啊!Howexcellentheis!(主謂是heis,把它們?nèi)サ?最后一詞是excellent,形容詞,故用how)他多么優(yōu)秀啊!Whatexcitingnews!(本句沒有主謂,最后一詞是news,名詞,故用what)多么令人興奮的消息啊!Whatasmartmanheis!(主謂是he(

)1.(2019廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)

smartthedriverlesscaris!Ireallywanttohaveone.

A.What B.Whata C.Whatan D.How(

)2.(2020廣東,語法選擇)“Wow!”shecriedproudly.“

39

highmybutterflyflies!”

A.What

B.Whata

C.Whatan

D.How

D

D

()1.(2019廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)s(

)3.(2014廣州,語法選擇)“Therearenowordstodescribe

35

amazingthiswomanis,”Eileensaidafterwards.

A.so

B.why

C.what

D.how

D

()3.(2014廣州,語法選擇)“Ther特殊疑問句是用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句。它不用yes或no來回答,而應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用較為完整的句子作答。常用的特殊疑問詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where,why,how以及how引出的詞組howmany,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar等。特殊疑問句是用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句。它不用yes或no來回答,中考題型“回答問題”的5個(gè)問句以特殊疑問句為主,同學(xué)們要熟練掌握每個(gè)特殊疑問句的用法及答語的表達(dá)方式。(說明:關(guān)于特殊疑問句的用法和回答的詳細(xì)講解請(qǐng)參見本書第三部分“第五節(jié)讀寫綜合”的解題技巧。)中考題型“回答問題”的5個(gè)問句以特殊疑問句為主,同學(xué)們要熟練用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令,朗讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。祈使句因?qū)ο?即主語)是第二人稱,所以通常都省略。用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使2021年英語中考第十一節(jié)句子種類、簡(jiǎn)單句和主謂一致(外研版)課件

1.肯定結(jié)構(gòu)

類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句Do型動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語)+其他成分Pleasehaveaseathere.請(qǐng)這邊坐。有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動(dòng)詞可省略Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.請(qǐng)這邊走。Be型Be+表語(名詞或形容詞)+其他成分Beagoodboy!要做一個(gè)好孩子!Let型Let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分Letmehelpyou.讓我來幫你。1.肯定結(jié)構(gòu)類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句Do型動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語)+其他2.否定結(jié)構(gòu)類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句Do型在句首加don’tDon’tforgetme!不要忘記我!Be型在句首加don’tDon’tbelateforschool!上學(xué)不要遲到!Let型Don’t+let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分Don’tlethimgo.別讓他走。Let+賓語+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分Lethimnotgo.別讓他走。其他用no開頭,表示禁止性的祈使句Nosmoking!禁止吸煙!Nofishing!禁止釣魚!2.否定結(jié)構(gòu)類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句Do型在句首加don’tDon’t(

)(2016廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)Tommy,

playbasketballinthestreetnexttime.Youmaygethitbyacar.

A.do

B.don’t C.must

D.mustn’t

B

()(2016廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)Tommy,1.There

be句型的結(jié)構(gòu)Therebe句型表示“某處有(存在)某人或某物”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Therebe(is,are,was,were)+名詞+地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語。如:Thereisaruleronthedesk.書桌上有一把尺。Therearefourapplesonthetree.樹上有四個(gè)蘋果。Thereisabirdsinginginthetree.樹上有一只鳥正在唱歌。Therearesomebirdssinginginthetree.樹上有一些鳥正在唱歌。1.Therebe句型的結(jié)構(gòu)2.各種句式(1)否定句:Therebe句型的否定句式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其他句型一樣,在be動(dòng)詞后加上“not”。也可用“no”來表示,即:no+n.(名詞)=nota/an/any+n.(名詞)。注意:no+n.(可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))=nota/an+n.(可數(shù)名詞單數(shù));no+n.(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))=notany+n.(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù));no+n.(不可數(shù)名詞)=notany+n.(不可數(shù)名詞)。如:2.各種句式Thereisanorangeinherbag.→Thereisn’tanorangeinherbag.→Thereisnoorangeinherbag.Therearesomeorangesinherbag.→Therearen’tanyorangesinherbag.→Therearenoorangesinherbag.Thereissomejuiceinthebottle.→Thereisn’tanyjuiceinthebottle.→Thereisnojuiceinthebottle.Thereisanorangeinherbag.(2)一般疑問句及其回答在“Thereis/are…”的疑問句中,要把be動(dòng)詞放在there之前,并將句號(hào)變問號(hào)。(難點(diǎn):句中出現(xiàn)的some要改成any。)肯定回答為“Yes,thereis/are.”,否定回答為“No,thereisn’t/aren’t.”。結(jié)構(gòu)分析:Be動(dòng)詞+there+主語…?(2)一般疑問句及其回答①Thereisanappleonthetree.→Isthereanappleonthetree?肯定回答:Yes,thereis.否定回答:No,thereisn’t.②Therearefivepensonthedesk.→Aretherefivepensonthedesk?肯定回答:Yes,thereare.否定回答:No,therearen’t.③Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Isthereanywaterinthecup?肯定回答:Yes,thereis.否定回答:No,thereisn’t.①Thereisanappleonthetree3.注意事項(xiàng)Therebe句型中be動(dòng)詞的形式要和其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(1)如果句子的主語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,或是不可數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞用is或was。如:Thereisabasketballinthebox.盒子里有一個(gè)籃球。Thereisalittlemilkintheglass.玻璃杯里有一點(diǎn)兒牛奶。3.注意事項(xiàng)(2)如果句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞就用are或were。如:Therearemanybirdsinthetree.樹上有許多鳥兒。Thereweremanypeopleinthestreetyesterday.昨天街上有許多人。(2)如果句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞就用are或were(3)如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語,be動(dòng)詞要和最靠近它的那個(gè)主語在數(shù)上保持一致,也就是我們常說的“就近原則”。如:Thereisanorangeandsomebananasinthebasket.籃子里有一個(gè)橘子和一些香蕉。Therearesomebananasandanorangeinthebasket.籃子里有一些香蕉和一個(gè)橘子。(3)如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語,be動(dòng)詞要和最靠近它【拓展知識(shí)】主謂一致

“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在語法形式上的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。主謂一致指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間在“人稱”和“數(shù)”的方面的一致關(guān)系,這種一致關(guān)系常由三種不同的原則所支配,即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。【拓展知識(shí)】1.語法一致主語和謂語通常是在語法形式上取得一致,即主語是單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1)由and或both…and…連接兩個(gè)或三個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(若連接的是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式)。如:TomandMikearegoodfriends.湯姆和邁克是好朋友。1.語法一致(2)用one,everyone,eachone,anyone,each,either,neither等+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.每個(gè)學(xué)生都在用功讀書。(2)用one,everyone,eachone,(3)不定代詞either,neither,eachone,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等在句中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行車有什么毛病嗎?(3)不定代詞either,neither,eacho(4)不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:Toteachistolearn.教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)。(5)在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動(dòng)詞的形式和前面的A部分保持一致:A+with/besides/but/except/aswellas/including/ratherthan/like+B+謂語動(dòng)詞+……。如:Theboywithhisparentsgoestothemuseumonceaweek.那個(gè)男孩同他的父母每周去一次博物館。(4)不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:T(6)由“some(of)/plentyof/alotof/lotsof/most(of)/therest(of)/all(of)/half(of)/分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”等短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如果所修飾的是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果所修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Mostofthestudentsinourclasswerefortheplan.我們班多數(shù)學(xué)生贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(6)由“some(of)/plentyof/alot(7)“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);“thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Anumberoftreesarecutdown.許多樹木被砍伐了。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我們班的學(xué)生人數(shù)是32。(7)“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞(8)none作主語指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;指代可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:—Isthereanymilkinthecup?杯子里有牛奶嗎?

—No,thereisnone.沒有,一點(diǎn)也沒有。Noneofthemhas/havearrived.他們當(dāng)中還沒有人到達(dá)。(8)none作主語指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;指(9)表示成雙成套的名詞,如:trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Myglasseswerebroken.我的眼鏡壞了。注意:如果這類詞被apair/twopairs修飾,謂語要和pair的形式保持一致。如:ThispairofcompassesismadeinBeijing.這副圓規(guī)是在北京制造的。Fivepairsofshoeshavebeensoldoutinthemorning.早晨賣出去了5雙鞋。(9)表示成雙成套的名詞,如:trousers,shoes(10)由“akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof”或“名詞+ofthiskind”,以及由與kind意義相似的type,sort等詞構(gòu)成的類似短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如:Akindofbirdshasbeendiscoveredbythem.一種鳥類已被他們發(fā)現(xiàn)。(10)由“akindof,thiskindof,2.意義一致(1)表示時(shí)間、金額、距離、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。如:Twoyearsisquitealongtime.兩年是相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。(2)集體名詞作主語時(shí),若作為一個(gè)整體來看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的每一個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。通常有這幾個(gè)名詞:family,class,team,group等。如:Hisfamilyisn’tverylarge.他家成員不多。2.意義一致(3)表示學(xué)科的、以s結(jié)尾的名詞如:physics,politics,maths或不可數(shù)名詞news作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Thenewsmakesushappy.這消息讓我們很高興。(4)疑問代詞who,which,what和不定代詞all,more,most,some,any,none等作主語時(shí),謂語根據(jù)情況來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Mostofthewaterispolluted.大部分水被污染了。(3)表示學(xué)科的、以s結(jié)尾的名詞如:physics,pol(5)police等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語時(shí),是復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),常見的有:people,police,cattle等。如:Thepolicearerunningafterathief.警察正在追趕一個(gè)小偷。(6)“the+形容詞”作主語,表示“一類人”時(shí)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);表示“一類事物”時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Thepoorwerenotabletobuyit.窮人買不起這個(gè)。Thebeautifulisnottheuseful.好看的不一定實(shí)用。(5)police等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語時(shí),是復(fù)數(shù)概念,3.就近原則(1)由or,not,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語,隨后的動(dòng)詞形式通常按照“就近原則”處理。如:EitherTinaorCarolissuretoknowtheanswer.蒂娜或卡羅爾肯定知道答案。Notonlymyfatherbutalsotheirfathersarecoming.不但我的父親會(huì)來,而且他們的父親也會(huì)來。NeitherJanenorIamgoing.簡(jiǎn)和我都不去。3.就近原則(2)therebe+并列主語結(jié)構(gòu)中,be動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語保持一致。如:Thereisanappleandtwoorangesonthetable.桌子上有一個(gè)蘋果和兩個(gè)橙子。(2)therebe+并列主語結(jié)構(gòu)中,be動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(

)1.(2017廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)—Isthereanyoutdoorlearninginyourschool?—

.Welearnoutdoorsonceortwiceeverymonth.

A.Yes,thereis B.No,thereisn’t C.Yes,itis D.No,itisn’t

A

()1.(2017廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)—Isth(

)2.(2015廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)—

thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets?

—Ihavenoideas.Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture.A.Is

B.Are

C.Has

D.Have

B

()2.(2015廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)—一、語法點(diǎn)單句特訓(xùn)(

)1.—Wewillhavea2.5-dayweekendsoon.—

excitingnews!WecanhangoutonFridayafternoons.

A.How

B.What

C.Howan

D.Whatan課堂小測(cè)

B

一、語法點(diǎn)單句特訓(xùn)課堂小測(cè)B(

)2.—

rapidprogressourcountryismakinginscienceandtechnology!

—Soitis.Weareenjoyingtheconvenienceofmoderntechnology.A.How

B.What

C.Whata

D.Whatan

B

()2.—rapidprogres(

)3.—ThelastsatelliteofBeiDouSatelliteNavigationSystem(北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng))wassuccessfullylaunchedonJune23rd,2020.—

excitingnewsitis!

A.What

B.Whatan

C.How

D.Howan(

)4.—

unusualyear2020is!

—Yeah!Thepandemic(大疫情)isachallengenotonlytoChinabutalsototheworld.A.What

B.Whatan

C.Whata

D.How

B

A

()3.—Thelastsatellite(

)5.—Look!Theelephantsaredancingtomusic.—

smarttheyare!

A.What

B.How

C.Whata

D.Howa(

)6.

yoursmartphones,andreadforatleast30minutes,everyday!Youknow,readinghelpsustodeepenourspiritualworld.

A.Putaway

B.Toputaway

C.Puttingaway

D.Toputtingaway

A

B

()5.—Look!Theelephant(

)7.—HowcanIavoidtheillness,Sir?—

amaskwhengoingoutandwashhandswithsoap.

A.Wears

B.Wear

C.Towear

D.Wearing(

)8.

walkonthegrass.

A.Doesn’t

B.Don’t

C.Not

D.No

B

B

()7.—HowcanIavoidth(

)9.—Tom,

heretocarrytheluggageupstairsforme,willyou?

—Allright.

A.come

B.came

C.coming

D.tocome(

)10.There

morethantwowaystosolvethismathsproblem.

A.am

B.is

C.are

D.be

C

A

()9.—Tom,heretoc二、小語篇特訓(xùn)(一)語法選擇There

1

somanykindsofchocolateinashopinthefactory.Finally,weboughtsomechocolateataverylowprice.Thisfieldtriptaughtme

2

importantroletechnologyplays.Ialsolearnedaboutthechocolateindustry.

(

)1.A.are

B.were

C.have

D.has(

)2.A.whatan B.how C.what D.howan

A

B

二、小語篇特訓(xùn)AB(二)語法選擇Tosolvethisproblem,scientistsadvisethatstudentsshouldgetlessschoolworkandmoretimetosleep.There

3

someotherwaystohelppeoplegetenoughsleep,suchastakinga20-minutenapduringtheday.Goodsleephabitsarealsohelpful.Forexample,

4

togotosleepandwakeupatthesametimeeveryday,evenonweekendsandduringholidays.

(二)語法選擇(

)3.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were(

)4.A.totry

B.trying

C.tried

D.try

D

B

()3.A.is B.are語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用語法選擇Somepeoplebelievethatdreamscantellthemwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Nobodyknowswhy,butthere

1

manystoriesaboutpeoplewhohavehaddreamsthatcametrue.Oneofthesepeople

2

amancalledJohnChapman,wholivedinasmalltown,namedSwaffhaminEnglandandwas

3

lovedbypeopleinthisplace.Thoughhewasverypoor,hewaskindandlikelytohelp

4

introuble.Onenight,hedreamedthathewasstandingonLondonBridgeandamantoldhimhow

5

rich.JohnChapmanreallyneededmoneyandwantedtohaveatry,語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用語法選擇sothenextdayhesetoffforLondon.HewalkedforthreedaysandthreenightsandatlastarrivedatLondonBridge.There

6

plentyofpeopleonthebridge,buttheywerenotinterestedinhim.Theywereallunawareofhim.Threedayslater,hedecidedtogohome,butbeforehecoulddothisashopkeeperwasapproachinghim.

“I’vebeenwatchingyou,”theshopkeepersaid.“Areyouwaitingforsomeone?”sothenextdayhesetofffor“Yes,”saidJohn.“Ihadadream

7

amanonLondonBridge.Hewasgoingtoleadmetoownmuchmoney.”

“Oh,”saidtheshopkeeper,“youshouldn’tbelieveindreams.IfIbelievedindreams,I’dbeinSwaffhamrightnow.Ihadadreamafewdays

8

aboutamanfromSwaffham.HisnamewasJohnChapmanandhehadgoldinhisgardennear

9

oldappletree.”

“Yes,”saidJohn.“IhadadreaJohnwasamazedandimmediatelyheadedforhome.Assoonashearrived,heduginhisgardenneartheoldappletree.Hesoonfoundmanypiecesofgold.

10

happyhewas!Hegavesomeofthegoldtohischurch.Fortherestofhislife,hewasarichman.

Johnwasamazedandimmediatel(

)1.A.is

B.are

C.willbe

D.willhave(

)2.A.were

B.was

C.is

D.are(

)3.A.deep

B.deeper C.deeply

D.depth(

)4.A.other

B.others

C.theother

D.theothers

B

C

B

B

()1.A.is B.are C(

)5.A.become

B.tobecome

C.becomes

D.became(

)6.A.is

B.are C.was

D.were(

)7.A.at

B.about

C.with

D.for

B

D

B

()5.A.become B.to(

)8.A.after

B.before

C.ago

D.behind(

)9.A.an

B.a

C.the

D./(

)10.A.What

B.Whata C.How

D.Howa

C

A

C

()8.A.afterB.before 2021年英語中考第十一節(jié)句子種類、簡(jiǎn)單句和主謂一致(外研版)課件2021廣東中考英語2021廣東中考英語第一部分語法精講精練第十一節(jié)句子種類、簡(jiǎn)單句和主謂一致第一部分語法精講精練第十一節(jié)句子種類、簡(jiǎn)單句和主謂一目英語01中考導(dǎo)航02考點(diǎn)突破錄03課堂小測(cè)04語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用目英語01中考導(dǎo)航02考點(diǎn)突破錄03課堂小測(cè)04語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用中考導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)2020廣東省卷中考(語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用)語法選擇完形填空短文填空1.感嘆句1分(how)

2.特殊疑問句

3.祈使句

4.Therebe句型

中考導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)2020廣東省卷中考(語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用)語法選擇完考情分析:2020年語法選擇感嘆句考了1分,完形填空和短文填空未考查,但短文填空中也有可能考查感嘆句、祈使句和therebe句型,故復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)語法選擇和短文填空都必須重視!考情分析:2020年語法選擇感嘆句考了1分,完形填空和短文填考點(diǎn)突破感嘆句表示說話人的喜悅、氣憤、驚訝等強(qiáng)烈的情緒。感嘆句一般是由what或how開頭。what用來強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞,how則強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。考點(diǎn)突破感嘆句表示說話人的喜悅、氣憤、驚訝等強(qiáng)烈的情緒。感嘆1.感嘆句的基本句型(1)What(+a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語!Whatacleverboyheis!他是個(gè)多么聰明的男孩啊!Whatcoldweatheritis!多冷的天氣啊!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!(它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!1.感嘆句的基本句型在感嘆句中,whata/an常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若該名詞前面的形容詞為元音音素開頭,則用whatan。what是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞(rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等)前面有形容詞修飾,從而使抽象名詞具體化時(shí),則要用whata/an。在感嘆句中,whata/an常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,若該名(2)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!Howkindyouare!你心腸真好!Howfasttheyareworking!他們的工作速度真快啊!how還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句,由“How+主語+謂語!”構(gòu)成。如:Howtimeflies!光陰似箭!(how修飾動(dòng)詞)(2)How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!2.選用what和how的高效方法判斷感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞是what還是how,先把主謂和其他部分去掉,如果最后一個(gè)詞是名詞用what,是形容詞或副詞用how。若沒有主謂則看句末一詞來定。句末一詞是名詞用what,是形容詞或副詞用how。如:2.選用what和how的高效方法Whatasmartmanheis!(主謂是heis,把它們?nèi)サ?最后一詞是man,名詞,故用what)他是多么聰明的人啊!Howexcellentheis!(主謂是heis,把它們?nèi)サ?最后一詞是excellent,形容詞,故用how)他多么優(yōu)秀啊!Whatexcitingnews!(本句沒有主謂,最后一詞是news,名詞,故用what)多么令人興奮的消息啊!Whatasmartmanheis!(主謂是he(

)1.(2019廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)

smartthedriverlesscaris!Ireallywanttohaveone.

A.What B.Whata C.Whatan D.How(

)2.(2020廣東,語法選擇)“Wow!”shecriedproudly.“

39

highmybutterflyflies!”

A.What

B.Whata

C.Whatan

D.How

D

D

()1.(2019廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)s(

)3.(2014廣州,語法選擇)“Therearenowordstodescribe

35

amazingthiswomanis,”Eileensaidafterwards.

A.so

B.why

C.what

D.how

D

()3.(2014廣州,語法選擇)“Ther特殊疑問句是用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句。它不用yes或no來回答,而應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用較為完整的句子作答。常用的特殊疑問詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where,why,how以及how引出的詞組howmany,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar等。特殊疑問句是用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句。它不用yes或no來回答,中考題型“回答問題”的5個(gè)問句以特殊疑問句為主,同學(xué)們要熟練掌握每個(gè)特殊疑問句的用法及答語的表達(dá)方式。(說明:關(guān)于特殊疑問句的用法和回答的詳細(xì)講解請(qǐng)參見本書第三部分“第五節(jié)讀寫綜合”的解題技巧。)中考題型“回答問題”的5個(gè)問句以特殊疑問句為主,同學(xué)們要熟練用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令,朗讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。祈使句因?qū)ο?即主語)是第二人稱,所以通常都省略。用于表達(dá)命令、請(qǐng)求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使2021年英語中考第十一節(jié)句子種類、簡(jiǎn)單句和主謂一致(外研版)課件

1.肯定結(jié)構(gòu)

類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句Do型動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語)+其他成分Pleasehaveaseathere.請(qǐng)這邊坐。有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動(dòng)詞可省略Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.請(qǐng)這邊走。Be型Be+表語(名詞或形容詞)+其他成分Beagoodboy!要做一個(gè)好孩子!Let型Let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分Letmehelpyou.讓我來幫你。1.肯定結(jié)構(gòu)類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句Do型動(dòng)詞原形(+賓語)+其他2.否定結(jié)構(gòu)類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句Do型在句首加don’tDon’tforgetme!不要忘記我!Be型在句首加don’tDon’tbelateforschool!上學(xué)不要遲到!Let型Don’t+let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分Don’tlethimgo.別讓他走。Let+賓語+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分Lethimnotgo.別讓他走。其他用no開頭,表示禁止性的祈使句Nosmoking!禁止吸煙!Nofishing!禁止釣魚!2.否定結(jié)構(gòu)類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句Do型在句首加don’tDon’t(

)(2016廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)Tommy,

playbasketballinthestreetnexttime.Youmaygethitbyacar.

A.do

B.don’t C.must

D.mustn’t

B

()(2016廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)Tommy,1.There

be句型的結(jié)構(gòu)Therebe句型表示“某處有(存在)某人或某物”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Therebe(is,are,was,were)+名詞+地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間狀語。如:Thereisaruleronthedesk.書桌上有一把尺。Therearefourapplesonthetree.樹上有四個(gè)蘋果。Thereisabirdsinginginthetree.樹上有一只鳥正在唱歌。Therearesomebirdssinginginthetree.樹上有一些鳥正在唱歌。1.Therebe句型的結(jié)構(gòu)2.各種句式(1)否定句:Therebe句型的否定句式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其他句型一樣,在be動(dòng)詞后加上“not”。也可用“no”來表示,即:no+n.(名詞)=nota/an/any+n.(名詞)。注意:no+n.(可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))=nota/an+n.(可數(shù)名詞單數(shù));no+n.(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))=notany+n.(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù));no+n.(不可數(shù)名詞)=notany+n.(不可數(shù)名詞)。如:2.各種句式Thereisanorangeinherbag.→Thereisn’tanorangeinherbag.→Thereisnoorangeinherbag.Therearesomeorangesinherbag.→Therearen’tanyorangesinherbag.→Therearenoorangesinherbag.Thereissomejuiceinthebottle.→Thereisn’tanyjuiceinthebottle.→Thereisnojuiceinthebottle.Thereisanorangeinherbag.(2)一般疑問句及其回答在“Thereis/are…”的疑問句中,要把be動(dòng)詞放在there之前,并將句號(hào)變問號(hào)。(難點(diǎn):句中出現(xiàn)的some要改成any。)肯定回答為“Yes,thereis/are.”,否定回答為“No,thereisn’t/aren’t.”。結(jié)構(gòu)分析:Be動(dòng)詞+there+主語…?(2)一般疑問句及其回答①Thereisanappleonthetree.→Isthereanappleonthetree?肯定回答:Yes,thereis.否定回答:No,thereisn’t.②Therearefivepensonthedesk.→Aretherefivepensonthedesk?肯定回答:Yes,thereare.否定回答:No,therearen’t.③Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Isthereanywaterinthecup?肯定回答:Yes,thereis.否定回答:No,thereisn’t.①Thereisanappleonthetree3.注意事項(xiàng)Therebe句型中be動(dòng)詞的形式要和其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(1)如果句子的主語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,或是不可數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞用is或was。如:Thereisabasketballinthebox.盒子里有一個(gè)籃球。Thereisalittlemilkintheglass.玻璃杯里有一點(diǎn)兒牛奶。3.注意事項(xiàng)(2)如果句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞就用are或were。如:Therearemanybirdsinthetree.樹上有許多鳥兒。Thereweremanypeopleinthestreetyesterday.昨天街上有許多人。(2)如果句子的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞就用are或were(3)如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語,be動(dòng)詞要和最靠近它的那個(gè)主語在數(shù)上保持一致,也就是我們常說的“就近原則”。如:Thereisanorangeandsomebananasinthebasket.籃子里有一個(gè)橘子和一些香蕉。Therearesomebananasandanorangeinthebasket.籃子里有一些香蕉和一個(gè)橘子。(3)如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語,be動(dòng)詞要和最靠近它【拓展知識(shí)】主謂一致

“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在語法形式上的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。主謂一致指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間在“人稱”和“數(shù)”的方面的一致關(guān)系,這種一致關(guān)系常由三種不同的原則所支配,即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。【拓展知識(shí)】1.語法一致主語和謂語通常是在語法形式上取得一致,即主語是單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1)由and或both…and…連接兩個(gè)或三個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(若連接的是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式)。如:TomandMikearegoodfriends.湯姆和邁克是好朋友。1.語法一致(2)用one,everyone,eachone,anyone,each,either,neither等+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.每個(gè)學(xué)生都在用功讀書。(2)用one,everyone,eachone,(3)不定代詞either,neither,eachone,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等在句中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行車有什么毛病嗎?(3)不定代詞either,neither,eacho(4)不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:Toteachistolearn.教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)。(5)在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動(dòng)詞的形式和前面的A部分保持一致:A+with/besides/but/except/aswellas/including/ratherthan/like+B+謂語動(dòng)詞+……。如:Theboywithhisparentsgoestothemuseumonceaweek.那個(gè)男孩同他的父母每周去一次博物館。(4)不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:T(6)由“some(of)/plentyof/alotof/lotsof/most(of)/therest(of)/all(of)/half(of)/分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”等短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如果所修飾的是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果所修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Mostofthestudentsinourclasswerefortheplan.我們班多數(shù)學(xué)生贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(6)由“some(of)/plentyof/alot(7)“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);“thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Anumberoftreesarecutdown.許多樹木被砍伐了。Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis32.我們班的學(xué)生人數(shù)是32。(7)“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞(8)none作主語指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;指代可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:—Isthereanymilkinthecup?杯子里有牛奶嗎?

—No,thereisnone.沒有,一點(diǎn)也沒有。Noneofthemhas/havearrived.他們當(dāng)中還沒有人到達(dá)。(8)none作主語指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;指(9)表示成雙成套的名詞,如:trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Myglasseswerebroken.我的眼鏡壞了。注意:如果這類詞被apair/twopairs修飾,謂語要和pair的形式保持一致。如:ThispairofcompassesismadeinBeijing.這副圓規(guī)是在北京制造的。Fivepairsofshoeshavebeensoldoutinthemorning.早晨賣出去了5雙鞋。(9)表示成雙成套的名詞,如:trousers,shoes(10)由“akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof”或“名詞+ofthiskind”,以及由與kind意義相似的type,sort等詞構(gòu)成的類似短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與of前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如:Akindofbirdshasbeendiscoveredbythem.一種鳥類已被他們發(fā)現(xiàn)。(10)由“akindof,thiskindof,2.意義一致(1)表示時(shí)間、金額、距離、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)。如:Twoyearsisquitealongtime.兩年是相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。(2)集體名詞作主語時(shí),若作為一個(gè)整體來看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的每一個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。通常有這幾個(gè)名詞:family,class,team,group等。如:Hisfamilyisn’tverylarge.他家成員不多。2.意義一致(3)表示學(xué)科的、以s結(jié)尾的名詞如:physics,politics,maths或不可數(shù)名詞news作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Thenewsmakesushappy.這消息讓我們很高興。(4)疑問代詞who,which,what和不定代詞all,more,most,some,any,none等作主語時(shí),謂語根據(jù)情況來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Mostofthewaterispolluted.大部分水被污染了。(3)表示學(xué)科的、以s結(jié)尾的名詞如:physics,pol(5)police等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語時(shí),是復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),常見的有:people,police,cattle等。如:Thepolicearerunningafterathief.警察正在追趕一個(gè)小偷。(6)“the+形容詞”作主語,表示“一類人”時(shí)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);表示“一類事物”時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Thepoorwerenotabletobuyit.窮人買不起這個(gè)。Thebeautifulisnottheuseful.好看的不一定實(shí)用。(5)police等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語時(shí),是復(fù)數(shù)概念,3.就近原則(1)由or,not,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語,隨后的動(dòng)詞形式通常按照“就近原則”處理。如:EitherTinaorCarolissuretoknowtheanswer.蒂娜或卡羅爾肯定知道答案。Notonlymyfatherbutalsotheirfathersarecoming.不但我的父親會(huì)來,而且他們的父親也會(huì)來。NeitherJanenorIamgoing.簡(jiǎn)和我都不去。3.就近原則(2)therebe+并列主語結(jié)構(gòu)中,be動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語保持一致。如:Thereisanappleandtwoorangesonthetable.桌子上有一個(gè)蘋果和兩個(gè)橙子。(2)therebe+并列主語結(jié)構(gòu)中,be動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(

)1.(2017廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)—Isthereanyoutdoorlearninginyourschool?—

.Welearnoutdoorsonceortwiceeverymonth.

A.Yes,thereis B.No,thereisn’t C.Yes,itis D.No,itisn’t

A

()1.(2017廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)—Isth(

)2.(2015廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)—

thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets?

—Ihavenoideas.Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture.A.Is

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()2.(2015廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)—一、語法點(diǎn)單句特訓(xùn)(

)1.—Wewillhavea2.5-dayweekendsoon.—

excitingnews!WecanhangoutonFridayafternoons.

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B

一、語法點(diǎn)單句特訓(xùn)課堂小測(cè)B(

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rapidprogressourcountryismakinginscienceandtechnology!

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excitingnewsitis!

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unusualyear2020is!

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)7.—HowcanIavoidtheillness,Sir?—

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()9.—Tom,heretoc二、小語篇特訓(xùn)(一)語法選擇There

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somanykindsofchocolateinashopinthefactory.Finally,weboughtsomechocolateataverylowprice.Thisfieldtriptaughtme

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二、小語篇特訓(xùn)AB(二)語法選擇Tosolvethisproblem,scientistsadvisethatstudentsshouldgetlessschoolworkandmoretimetosleep.There