ARM嵌入式論文ARMintroductionIf,say,'"embedded'"is2008yearselectronicengineertalkingaboutoneofthemostwordin2009,mostofthetalkaboutawordis\"ARM\".WhatisARM?HeisaBritishelectroniccompanyname,thefullnamemeanAdvancedRISCMachine.ThecompanywasfoundedinNovember1990,isapplecomputer,AcorncomputergroupandVLSITechnologyofthejointventure.Acornhaslaunchedtheworld'sfirstcommercialsinglechipRISCprocessors,andapplecomputerwashopewillRISCtechnologyintheirownsystem,theARMmicroprocessornewstandardssoarisesatthehistoricmoment.如果，說,\“嵌入式\”是2008年電子工程師談論的一個最字2009年，大多數的談論一個單詞是\“手臂\”。手臂是什么？他是一個英國電子公司的名字,全名是先進的RISC機器。公司成立于1990年11月，是蘋果電腦,Acorn計算機集團和VLSI技術的合資企業。Acorn已經推出了世界上第一個商業單片RISC處理器，和蘋果電腦是希望將RISC技術在自己的系統中,ARM微處理器新標準應運而生。Attheendof80s,90ssemiconductorindustrychainjustappeardivisionoflabor,TSMC,LianDiansemiconductorfoundryetcareslowlyrise,someofthesiliconvalleyfablesscompaniesalsohavemushroomedemergingas,so-calledfablessdesigncompanychip,buttheproductionprocessisthepackagetogiveTSMCfoundryproductionetc.AndARMisfortheworldfirst,19yearsagocreatedchiplessproductionmodel,thatis,thecompanyisneitherproductionchip,alsodon'tdesignchips,butthedesignofeffectiveIPkernel,toauthorizeasemiconductorcompaniesuse,semiconductorcompanyintheARMtechnologybasedonaddyourowndesignandintroductionofchipproducts,finallybyOEMcustomersusethesechipstoconstructthesystembasedonARMtechnologyproducts.Thisway,abitlikethecommunicationsindustryinthequalcommandthesemiconductorindustryRAMBUS,theystandinthesemiconductorindustrychainupstreamoftheupstream.19yearsagoformedARMmayfacealotofrisk,becausenooneknowtheroadcannotwork,butnowthefactshaveproved,ARMawayanomanthrough,butitistherightpath.Asadditionalproducts,healsoletChina'sindustrymembersfromthewindowtounderstandtheBritishelectronicscompany,thesuccessoftheARMoftheBritishchiplessledthedevelopmentofthecompany.80年代末,90年代半導體產業鏈分工出現，臺積電丄ianDian半導體等正在慢慢上升，硅谷的一些專業公司也如雨后春筍般涌現的新興，所謂專業設計公司芯片，但生產過程是包給臺積電鑄造生產等和手臂是世界第一，19年前創建無屑的生產模式，也就是說，公司既不生產芯片，也不設計芯片,但設計有效的IP內核,授權一個半導體公司使用,半導體公司在ARM技術的基礎上添加自己的設計和芯片產品的介紹，最后通過OEM客戶使用這些芯片構建系統基于ARM技術的產品。這樣，有點像高通的通信行業和半導體行業RAMBUS，他們站在半導體產業鏈上游的上游。19年前形成的手臂可能面臨很多的風險，因為沒有人知道這條路不能工作，但是現在,事實已經證明，手臂沒有人通過，但這是正確的道路。作為額外的產品，他還讓中國從窗口行業成員理解英國電子公司的成功的英國無屑的公司的發展。BecauseARMoftheproductisIPCore,withoutanyphysicalsenseofhardwareorsoftwareentities,thereforecanonlyregisteredinChinatobecome'"consultation'"company,despiteofitsbusinessconsultingisjustafew.ARMthecorebusinessissellingchipscoretechnologyIP,atpresentthewholeworldhas103giantITcompanyinthehomeARMtechnology,20largestsemiconductormanufacturersin19istheARMusers,includingTexasinstruments,stmicroelectronics,Philips,Intel,etc.Theonly20giantsdidn'tbuyARMauthorizedistheoldIntelrivalAMD,IntelbecausetheStrongARMprocessorisportable,andAMDistheacquisitionoftheAlchemycompanyfight,usedtheMIPSstructure.因為產品的手臂是IP核，沒有任何硬件或軟件實體的物理意義，因此只能在中國注冊成為\“咨詢\”公司,盡管其業務咨詢只是少數。ARM核心業務是銷售芯片核心技術知識產權，目前全世界有103家中大型IT公司ARM技術,2019手臂用戶最大的半導體制造商,包括德州儀器、意法半導體、飛利浦、英特爾等。只有20個巨人沒有買手臂授權是古老的英特爾競爭對手AMD,英特爾因為StrongARM處理器是便攜式，和AMD是煉金術的收購公司，使用了MIPS結構。ARMproductintroductionARMofferaseriesofcore,systemexpansion,microprocessorandsystemchipsolutions.Becauseallproductsareusedageneralsoftwaresystem,sothesamesoftwarecanbeinallproductsoperation(intheoryso).Typicalproductsasfollows.臂產品介紹部門提供一系列核心，系統擴張，微處理器和系統芯片的解決方案。因為所有的產品都是使用一種通用的軟件系統，所以相同的軟件可以在所有產品操作(在理論上)。典型的產品如下。CPUcore(CPU核心)ARM7TDMI(Thumb):thisisthemostauthorizedusersaproductwillARM7instructionsetwithThumbextensiontogether,inordertoreducememorycapacityandsystemcost.Atthesametime,italsouseembeddedICEcommissioningtechnicaltosimplifysystemdesign,andadigitalsignalprocessor(DSP)enhanceextendedtoimproveperformance.Theproductofthetypicalapplicationisdigitalcellularphonesandharddiskdrives.ARM7TDMI(拇指):這是最授權用戶的產品將與拇指ARM7指令集擴展在一起,以減少內存容量和系統成本。與此同時，它也使用嵌入冰調試技術來簡化系統的設計，和數字信號處理器(DSP)增強擴展來提高性能。產品的典型應用是數字蜂窩電話和硬盤驅動器。ARM710series,includingARM710,ARM710T,ARM720TandARM740T:lowprice,lowenergyconsumption,encapsulationtyperoutinesystemmicroprocessor,equippedwithCache(Cache),memorymanagement,writingbufferandJTAGWidelyusedinhandheldcomputing,datacommunicationandconsumermultimedia.ARM7optimizedforuseonpriceandpowerconsumptionoftheapplicationofsensitivelowpowerconsumptionandanuclear,verylowpowerconsumption;Threepartsassemblylineandandvonneumannstructure,provide0.9MIPS/MHz.ARM710系列，包括ARM710、ARM710TARM720TARM740T:價格低,能耗低，封裝類型常規系統微處理器，配有緩存(緩存)，內存管理，寫緩沖區和JTAG。廣泛應用于手持計算機、數據通信和消費多媒體。

ARM7優化使用價格和功耗敏感的低功耗的應用程序和一個核，非常低功耗;三部分組裝線和馮諾依曼結構，提供0.9MIPS/MHz。ARM9TDMI:thefivestagesGuanDaoHuaARM9kernel,alsoequippedwithThumbextension,commissioningandHarvardbus.Intheproductionprocessofthesamecase,performanceofARM7TDMItwiceasmany.Oftenusedfornetworkingandthetopplacebox.ARM9TDMI:五個階段GuanDaoHuaARM9內核，還配備了拇指擴展、調試和哈佛公共汽車。在生產過程相同的情況下,ARM7TDMI兩倍的性能。通常用于網絡和地方盒子頂部。ARM940Tserieslow,lowenergyconsumption,highperformancesystemmicroprocessor,equippedwith,memorymanagementandwritebuffer.Applicationtotheadvancedenginemanagement,andsecuritysystem,thetopplacebox,portablecomputerandhigh-gradeprinter.StrongARM:highperformance,atthesametimesatisfytheneedoftheroutineuseamicroprocessortechnology,andjointresearchDEC,laterlicensetoIntel.SA110processor,SA1100PDAsystemchipandSA1500multimediaprocessorchipisusingthistechnique.ARM940T系列低，能耗低,高性能微處理器系統，配備、內存管理和寫緩沖區。應用先進的引擎管理和安全系統，頂部位置框，便攜式電腦和高檔打印機。StrongARM:高性能，同時滿足日常的需要使用微處理器技術，聯合研究12月，后來英特爾的許可證。SA110處理器,SA1100PDA系統芯片和SA1500多媒體處理器芯片使用這種技術。ARM920T,began,ARM940T,ARM966E-S,ARM968E-S,ARM996HShasahighperformanceandlowpowerconsumptionofleadingamacrounit,level5linesstructure;Harvardstructureprovides1.1MIPS/MHz.ARM920Tandbegantheperformanceofthebuilt-inMMU,instructionsanddatacacheandhigh-speedAMBAbusinterface.AMBAchipbusisanopenstandard,hasbecometheconstructionanddevelopmentoflibrarySoCIPcriterionoftruth.AMBAadvancedhighperformancebus(AHB)interfacebyallnewARMnownuclearsupport,providedevelopmentalltheintegrateddesignsystem.ARM940Tbuilt-ininstructionsanddatacache,protectionunitandhigh-speedAMBAbusinterface.ARM920T開始,ARM940TARM966E-S、ARM968E-SARM996HS高性能和低功耗的主要一個宏單元,5級線結構;哈佛結構提供了1.1MIPS/MHz。ARM920T并開始內置的MMU的性能，指令和數據緩存和高速AMBA總線接口。安巴芯片總線是一種開放標準,已成為圖書館的建設和發展SoCIP真理的標準。安巴先進的高性能總線(AHB)接口的所有新手臂現在核支持,提供開發所有的集成設計系統。ARM940T內置指令和數據緩存，保護單元和高速AMBA總線接口。ARM7500andARM7500FE:highlyintegratedRISCsinglechipcomputer,acachetypebasedonARM732bitkernel,withmemoryandI/Ocontroller,threeDMAchannel,thevideocontrollerandpaletteofandstereoport;ARM7500FEincreasedbyafloatingpointunitandthesupportofEDODRAM.EspeciallysuitableforthetopboxandTVforthenetworkcomputer(NC).ARM7500ARM7500FE高度集成的RISC單片機，緩存類型基于ARM732位內核、內存和I/O控制器，三個DMA通道的視頻控制器和面板和立體聲港口;ARM7500FE增加了一個浮點單元和江戶DRAM的支持。特別適合的機頂盒和電視網絡計算機(NC)。ARM10ARM1020E,ARM1022E,ARM1026EJ-S,seriesis64bitAHBinstructionsanddatainterface;6levelsofassemblylinestructure;1.25/MHzMIPS;Than

comparableARM9deviceperformanceincreasedby50%.Addedtwonewadvancedenergy-savingwaytogettheabnormallowpowerconsumption.VFP10coprocessorperfectcomplianceARM10devicetosupplyhigh-performancefloatingpointsolutionsARM10hasthreekernelrespectivelyis:ARM1026EJ-S?,ARM1020E?,ARM1022E?.ARM10ARM1020E、ARM1022EARM1026EJ-S,系列64位AHB指令和數據接口;6水平的流水線結構；1.25/MHzMIPS；比ARM9設備性能增加了50%。添加了兩個新的先進的節能辦法不正常的低功耗。VFP10協處理器完美合規ARM10設備提供高性能浮點解ARM10有三個內核分別是:ARM1026EJ-S,ARM1020E,ARM1022E 。ARM11MPCore,ARM1136J(F)-S,ARM1176JZ(F)-SitisefficienthighperformanceCPU,domestichaven'tproductsappear.ARM11MPCoreARM1136J(F)-s,ARM1176JZ(F)-s 高效高性能cPU,國內還沒有產品出現。ARMsoftwaresystemandoperatingsysteminthepaper手臂軟件系統和操作系統Theembeddedsystemusuallyinthespecificapplicationasthecenter,taketheprocessorascoreandfacetherealityoftheapplicationsoftwareandhardwaresystem,thehardwaretheembeddedsystemoperationofthefoundationandplatform,providingthesoftwarerequiredfortheoperationofphysicsplatformandcommunicationinterface;Andoftheembeddedsystemsoftwaregenerallyincludeoperatingsystemandapplicationsoftware,theyarethewholesystemcontrolcore,providemachineandotherinformationinteraction.Therefore,thedevelopmentofembeddedsystemusuallyincludesbothhardwareandsoftwaredevelopment,hardwaremainlyincludeschoosingappropriateMCU,storagedeviceorSOCtype,thecommunicationinterfaceandtheI/O,powerandotherauxiliaryequipment;SoftwareofmainlyinvolvesOSportingandapplicationdevelopment,atthesametime,softwareinterruptscommissioningandreal-timedebugging,code,andtheoptimizationofportability/reusableandsoftwarecuringandsoonisalsothekeyembeddedsoftwaredevelopment.嵌入式系統通常在具體應用為中心，以處理器為核心和面對現實的應用軟件和硬件系統，硬件的嵌入式系統運行的基礎平臺，提供所需的軟件操作的物理平臺和通信接口，和一般的嵌入式系統軟件包括操作系統和應用軟件，它們是整個系統的控制核心,提供機器和其他信息交互。因此，嵌入式系統的開發通常包括硬件和軟件開發，硬件主要包括選擇合適的單片機,存儲設備或SOC類型、通信接口和I/O,電力和其他輔助設備，主要包括操作系統移植和應用程序的軟件開發，與此同時，軟件中斷調試和實時調試代碼,便攜性/可重用和軟件的優化養護等等也是嵌入式軟件開發的關鍵。ARMoftheoperatingsystemandthesystemdevelopmenttheexecutionenvironmentprovidesthewidestchoice,customerscanaccordingtoneedtochoosethemosttoadapttotherequirementsofthemarketbasedonARMembeddedoperatingsystem.Alternativeembeddedoperatingsystemhasafewkinds,usedmorehaveLinux,WinCE,Palm,Symbian,andsoon.TheWinCEmoreOEMisaccordingtotheir

needs,andspecificembeddeddevicesofdevelopment,suchasGPSnavigationequipment.ThePalmoperatingsystemmanufacturershavelenovosamsungSONY,theirshipmentsareverygreat.Symbianoperatingsystemisadvancedglobalpublicindustrystandardoperatingsystem,basedontheSymbianoperatingsystemofmobilephoneshave:BenQ,DoCoMo,Motorola,Nokia,ltd.,samsung,SONYEricssonetc.Linuxisthesourcecodeoftheopeningoftheoperatingsystem,itcanruninincludingARMandsoonmanykindsofmainstreamprocessorarchitecture.Becausealargenumberofengineersinthedevelopmentofopensourceandrelateddevelopmenttools,Linuxcanbemoreconvenientfortransplantation.手臂的操作系統和系統開發執行環境提供了廣泛的選擇，客戶可以根據需要選擇最適應市場需求的基于ARM的嵌入式操作系統。選擇嵌入式操作系統有幾種，使用更多的Linux,畏縮,棕櫚，塞班，等等。畏縮的OEM是根據他們的需求,和特定的嵌入式設備的發展,GPS導航設備等。Palm操作系統制造商三星索尼、聯想出貨量非常大。塞班操作系統是先進的全球公共行業標準操作系統，基于Symbian操作系統的手機有:明基,DoCoMo,摩托羅拉、諾基亞、有限公司、三星、索尼愛立信等。Linux是源代碼開放的操作系統，它可以運行在包括手臂等等多種主流的處理器架構。因為大量的工程師開放源碼和相關開發工具的發展,Linux可以更方便移植。WithLinuxasanexample,thechoicebasedonARMLinux,cangetmoredevelopmenttheapplicationofsourcecode,canusethehigh-performanceARMprocessordevelopmorevastnetworkandwirelessapplications,ARMoftheJazelletechnologybringLinuxtheworkbenchJavaprogrambetterperformance.ARMcompanyseriesdevelopmenttoolsanddevelopmentplate,andthevariousdevelopmentBBSavailableinformationbringfastertimetothemarket.使用Linux作為一個例子，選擇基于ARMLinux,可以得到更多的開發應用程序的源代碼，可以使用高性能的ARM處理器開發更龐大的網絡和無線應用程序，手臂Jazelle技術使Linux工作臺Java程序更好的性能。ARM公司系列開發工具和開發板和可用的各種發展論壇信息給市場帶來更快的時間。ARMdevelopmentprocessARM開發過程BasedonARM926Linuxdevelopmentasanexample,scantheentiredevelopmentprocess:designprinciplediagram(includingtheWIGGLERJTAGvisitreallydevice);designPCB(includingtheWIGGLERJTAGvisitreallydevice);plate;weldingvoltage,determinethevoltagenoproblem;welding44B0+JTAGcircuit+WIGGLERJTAGvisitofthesurroundingcircuitis+,withBANYANT+simulatorsconnection,BANYANTtipmistakes,butcandisplaythe44B0Numbers,explain44B0noproblem;weldingcrystal+RAM+ROM+surroundingcircuit,withBANYANT+simulatorsconnection,canshowthecorrect44B0;BANYANT+simulationwiththeconnecting,openAXD,inthecommandlinewindowoperationRAM,seecanmodify,if(withmemorywindowseeRAMaddress)

RAMisnoproblemcanusethiscommand\"setmem0xcOOOOOO,0XFFFFFFFF,32\";proceduresaccordingto'"FLASHandwritingsummaries'"burntoFLASH,test;inaccordancewiththeUBOOTtransplantoperation'"transplantationUBOOT;accordingto\"UCLINUXdownloadsimpleshowingnextUCLINUX;基于ARM926Linux開發作為一個例子,掃描整個開發過程：1設計原理圖（包括孑孓JTAG訪問真正的設備）；2設計PCB（包括孑孓JTAG訪問真的設備）；3板；4焊接電壓,確定電壓沒有問題；5焊接44B0+JTAG電路+孑孓JTAG訪問周圍的電路+BANYANT+模擬器連接,BANYANT提示錯誤,但是可以顯示44B0的數字，解釋44B0沒問題；6焊接水晶+RAM+羅+周邊電路,BANYANT+模擬器連接，可以顯示正確的44B0；7BANYANT+模擬連接，打開AXD,在命令行窗口中操作內存，可以修改，如果（內存窗看到內存地址）內存沒有問題可以使用這個命^“setmem0xcOOOOOO開始,0XFFFFFFFF32\”；8程序根據\“閃電和寫作摘要\”燃燒FLASH,測試；9按照UBOOT移植操作\“移植UBOOT；10\“未來UCLINUXUCLINUX下載簡單的顯示；SummaryAMR（Audio/MODEMRiser,voice/MODEMcard）isasetofopenindustrialstandard,itdefinedexpansionCARDScanalsosupportvoiceandMODEMfunction.Usethistothedesign,caneffectivelyreducethecost,andsolvethevoiceandMODEMsubsystematpresentonthefunctionofsomerestrictions.PeopleactuallywouldhavewantedtoputtheMODEMsubsystemintegratedintothesystemboard,butsincethereareelectromagneticinterferenceandotherconvenientfactors,sothemostimportantMODEMsimulationI/O（coding/decoderandDAA）circuitcan'tbedirectlyweldedtotemporarilyonthemainboard.IntelcompanyissetAMRrules,itisimportantforapurposeistosolvethisproblem,thesimulatedtheI/Ocircuittransfertoasinglecard,theotherremainingpartsonthemainboard.Throughanopen,industrialstandardcarddesign,systemmanufacturerscanusestandardorspecialslot,withverylowcostonthemainboardachievevoiceandMODEMfunction.Becauseofithasmoreflexibility,canbeintegratedmore