1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業專心-專注-專業精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業寫作綜述一、大綱解讀：兩大黃金原則（一）印象原則：書寫工整！卷面整潔！字跡清晰！三眼判卷：結構：分段+字數內容：每段第一句最好寫主題句（改寫提綱）語言：掃描+查看（二）語言第一位、結構第二位、內容第三位：1、語言：兩大評分標準 1）基本正確：及格分 2）豐富多變（詞匯+句型）：高分2、結構：邏輯性 1）段落結構：總分總 （1）主題句：1句，改寫提綱 （2）描述或論證：2-3句 （3）（小結：1句） 2）評分標準： （1）關聯詞：小作文3-5個，大作文5-7個 （2）同義

2、替換：詞匯+句型 （3）代詞替換：物稱代詞it考研寫作命題規律：反押題（逆向思維）！考研寫作判卷規律：反模板！小作文二、書信格式：（關系親密即私人書信，關系不親密即公務書信）（一）稱呼：1、寫給機構：Dear Sir or Madam, （06、07）2、寫給個人：（05）Dear Mr. Wang, （08）Dear Bob, （09）Dear Editors,（二）正文：3段，7句左右，100-130詞，3-5個關聯詞（適可而止），3-5個從句（多多益善） 1、第一段：2句左右1）自我介紹（私人書信除外）：（1）工作人員：05年：I am a staff member from your

3、company/corporation.06年：I am a staff member from Motorola（China）Electronics Ltd.（2）學生：I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.2）寫作目的：書信的中心思想，改寫提綱一（1）05年：I am writing the letter for purpose of resignin

4、g from my current post/position.（2） 06年：I am writing to inform you that I wish to request if you could help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope. 2、第二段：3句左右，改寫提綱二 1）主題句：1句 2）分論點一：1句 3）分論點二：1句3、第三段：2句左右，改寫提綱三或表示感謝+期待回信+寫作目的1）表示感謝（私人建議信除外）：My appreciation to you for your generous help is be

5、yond words. Words fail me when I wish to express my sincere gratitude to you. I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you render me.2）期待回信：（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. （2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

6、（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.（三）落款：1）結尾客套：Yours sincerely,或Sincerely yours, 2）簽名：Li Ming（英語一）/Zhang Wei（英語二）三、書信類應用文：1. 倡議信：沖刺班二十大必背范文之一Directions:Hospitals throughout China are faced with blood shortage and a great many patients lives, therefore, are threatened

7、. Write a proposal letter to concern for the problemcall on them to be blood donorsDear Schoolmates,A severe shortage of blood is afflicting Chinas hospitals and numerous blood banks have reported dangerously low supplies. Because of recent acute blood shortage, many vital operations have to be post

8、poned, which reduces a large number of patients to bleak despair.What can we do to relieve the blood shortage and save these pitiful patients? The best solution should be rolling up our sleeves to donate blood. Being a blood donor wont harm our own health, so I hope all of us can actively and volunt

9、arily participate in blood donation. Yours sincerely, Li Ming2.感謝信：沖刺班二十大必背范文之二Directions:After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by Mr. Shakespeare. Write a special letter to express your thanks.Dear Mr. Shakespeare,I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring t

10、o that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the consequences might have been much serious. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led t

11、o this satisfactory outcome.Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach. If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place. (107 words)Yours sincerely,Li Ming3、投訴信：沖刺班二十大必背范文之三Directions:W

12、rite to the head of a train, and complain about its bad services.Dear Sir or Madam,As a regular passenger of your train, I am completely disappointed to find that the service you provide is far from satisfactory. Therefore, I am writing this letter to draw your attention to the matter in the hope th

13、at the present situation will be much improved.As we all know, punctuality is essential to the railway service. However, the train is delayed from time to time, which brings me much trouble and inconvenience. Worst of all is the bad manners of your stewards and stewardesses. From their services, we

14、can not understand the saying: “The customers are the god.”I believe you will take this matter into serious consideration and give a satisfactory reply as soon as possible. At the same time, I sincerely hope that you will review your management system. I would be glad to see improvements in your rai

15、lway service. (143 words) Yours sincerely, Li Ming4.邀請信：沖刺班二十大必背范文之四Directions:Write a letter to Professor Schipper, a world famous professor majoring in Chinese philosophy and religious studies, and invite him to participate in a conference to be held in your university.Dear Professor Schipper,I am

16、 very pleased to inform you that Beijing University is organizing an academic conference entitled “Sino-US Conference on Philosophy and Religious Studies” on December 8-9 in Beijing.You are cordially invited to participate in this important Chinese academic event to be our guest speaker. You will be

17、 welcome to participate fully in the activities of the conference, including workshops, seminars, and other recreational activities. Your round trip air ticket, accommodation and meal expenses will be subsidized.We look forward to seeing you in this conference and to having you as a significant part

18、 of this event. If you accept this invitation, please advise us of your date of arrival, so that we can make necessary arrangements. (118 words) Yours sincerely, Li Ming5.求職信：沖刺班二十大必背范文之五Directions: Write to a company, and apply for a post advertised in a newspaper.Dear Sir or Madam,I have read your

19、 advertisement in China Daily on 9 December for the post of Accountant, and would be grateful if you could consider me favorably as an applicant for the position.My professional training and experience all contribute to my qualifications for the job. I graduate from the Department of Accounting in G

20、uanghua Management School of Beijing University in 2010. You will note from my enclosed resume that I was awarded First-prize scholarship four times for my outstanding academic performance. After graduation, I worked as an accountant in Beijing New Oriental Education and Technology Group. I hope tha

21、t such working experience can be taken into favorable consideration.I have enclosed a resume for your reference. I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation if you could let me know the result of my application in due course. (138 words) Sincerely yours, Li Ming6.祝賀信：沖刺班二十大必背范文之六Directions:Afte

22、r the Wenchuan earthquake, construction of 16 schools and kindergartens has been finished there and more than 14,000 students will study in the newly completed schools. Write a letter to those students tocongratulate them on their newly-built schoolsexpress your best wishes for themDear Students,It

23、is a great pleasure to send my congratulations to you on the brand-new and well-equipped school building. The school rebuilding project has been finished in less than one year with the love and donation from all social circles as well as the concern and support from both the centre and local governm

24、ents. What a miracle it is! Those spacious classrooms and advanced multimedia equipments will make your study environment more comfortable and facilitate your learning process.I wish that you could treasure the excellent conditions and make the best use of them. With the knowledge and skills you are

25、 going to learn, one day you all can offer significant contributions to our country! （114 words） Yours sincerely, Li Ming7.求學信：沖刺班二十大必背范文之七Directions: You want to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter to ask about the situation there as regards accommodation and fees,possible scholar

26、ships, and what qualifications one needs for acceptanceDear Sir or Madam,I am a Chinese student who wishes to apply for admission into your prestigious university. My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential inform

27、ation.First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a bachelors degree from Beijing Foreign Studies University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-suppo

28、rting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation? I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution. （126 words）Yours sincerely,Li Ming8.備忘錄/報告： Directions: You are th

29、e president of a company. Write a memo to George Gordon Byron, the vice-president on the employees training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan.Date：January 7, 2012To：George Gordon Byron, Vice PresidentFrom：Li Ming, PresidentSub

30、ject：Computer Training of the StaffAs we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.I would like you to design our own in-house comput

31、er-training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal

32、course work in computer science.參考譯文1、親愛的同學們：嚴峻的血荒正侵擾著中國的醫院，大量血站報道了危險的低庫存。因為最近嚴重的血荒，許多救命的手術不得不推遲，讓很多病人陷入深深的絕望。我們能做什么改善血荒救這些可憐的病人呢？最好的解決辦法是挽起我們的袖筒獻血。作為獻血者不會影響我們自己的健康，所以我希望大家能積極自愿的加入獻血。 誠摯的， 李明2、尊敬的莎士比亞先生： 我寫信是為了表達我衷心的感謝。我指的是那天我被一輛出租車從自行車上撞下來的不幸事件。 如果沒有您給予我的第一手的及時幫助的話，恐怕后果會更嚴重。大家都認為正是您在那個緊急事件中的快速反應才導致

33、了滿意的后果。 盡管現在越來越多的人談論到大公無私的必要性，但是我們看到很少有人言行一致。如果有更多人像您的話，世界會更加美好。 您真誠的， 李明3、尊敬的先生或女士： 作為貴列車的一位常客，我完全失望地發現您提供的服務遠遠不能令人滿意。因此，我寫這封信希望引起您對這一問題的關注，期待您能極大改進現狀。 眾所周知，準時對于鐵路服務非常重要。然而，這趟列車經常晚點，給我帶來很大的麻煩和不便。最難以忍受的是貴列車男女乘務員糟糕的態度。從他們的服務中，我們很難體會到：“顧客就是上帝”。我相信您會認真考慮這個問題，并盡快給出滿意的答復。同時，我真誠地希望您能改善管理系統。我很高興看到您列車服務的改進。

34、 您真誠的， 李明4、尊敬的施舟人教授：我很榮幸地通知您北京大學將在12月8至9日在北京舉辦一個名為：中美哲學宗教學大會”的學術會議。我們誠摯地邀請您參加這次重要的中國學術會議并作為我們的客座發言人。我們將歡迎您全程參與大會的各項活動，包括討論會、研討會和其他娛樂活動。我們將負擔您的往返機票與食宿費用。我們期待著您參與會議并作為本次會議的重要一員。如果您接受邀請，請告知到達日期，以便我們進行必要的安排。 您真誠的， 李明5、尊敬的先生或女士：我在12月9日的中國日報上看到您對于會計職位的招聘。并且非常感謝您能好心考慮我作為該職位的申請人。我的教育背景和經歷都使我非常勝任該職位。2010年我畢業

35、于北京大學光華管理學院會計系。從我附上的簡歷中，您會看到由于出色的學習成績，我曾四次獲得一等獎學金。畢業后，我在北京新東方教育科技集團擔任會計。我希望您能好心考慮我的工作經歷。我附上了一份簡歷供您參考。如果您能讓我適時知道申請結果，我將衷心感謝。 您真誠的， 張偉6、親愛的同學們：對你們嶄新而設備優良的教學樓，我非常高興地致以祝賀。在來自社會各界的愛心和捐助下，以及中央和地方政府的支持和關注下，學校的重建工作在不到一年的時間里就完成了。這真是一個奇跡?。∧切挸ǖ慕淌液拖冗M的多媒體設備將使你們的學習環境更加舒適，也有助于你們的學習過程。我希望你們能珍惜這些優秀的條件，并充分利用它們。將來你們就

36、可以用所學的知識為我們的祖國做出重要的貢獻！ 真誠的， 李明7、尊敬的先生或女士： 我是一名中國學生，希望向您這所著名大學申請入學。我計劃下學期開始我的課程，如果您能好心提供一些基本信息，我將非常感謝。 首先，我在您的大學聽課需要什么條件？我已經從北京外國語大學獲得學士學位，但我想知道是否有進一步的學術要求。其次，學費是多少？盡管我打算自費，但我想了解一下是否國外學生可以獲得獎學金。最后，住宿情況怎么樣？ 我期待著您的答復，并且希望進入您這所著名大學。 您真誠的， 李明8、日期：2012年1月7日致：喬治戈登拜倫，副總裁自：李明，總裁主題：員工計算機培訓正如我們本周早期討論的那樣，我同意你的看

37、法：我們公司正在面臨員工高比率電腦盲的問題。我們需要制定一個計劃，在這個新的領域培訓員工。我想讓你制定我們自己的內部計算機培訓計劃。我們最好把員工分類，讓他們輪流參加這個項目。寫一個簡要的計劃，涵蓋你認為這個項目需要包括的內容。假定培訓為十周，每周四小時。同時假定員工在計算機方面沒有任何預先的知識或沒有參加過正式課程。（2）參考范文：沖刺班二十大必背范文之八Fundamental Causes of Economic GlobalizationEconomic globalization has been progressing rapidly since the beginning of t

38、he 1950s. Several factors have contributed to such development. Firstly, advancements in science and technology have offered a technical foundation by providing the material basis and the technical means. Meanwhile, a solid economic foundation for such a globalization has been laid by the market eco

39、nomy which is prevailing over the world. Other factors include the pillaring and propelling role of multinationals in micro-economic operations, the ever growing coordinating and controlling power and function exercised by such international economic organizations as WTO, IMF and WB in the internati

40、onal trade and finance.(100 words)2.摘要萬能框架：1）總論：填中心詞（1）In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to .在本文的第一段，作者強調我們必須充分重視。 （2）In the beginning of the essay, the writer clings to the idea that we should attach utmost significance to the issue

41、of . 在本文開頭，作者堅持認為我們應該充分重視這一問題。 （3）To begin with, the purpose of the writer is to show us that is of great significance, yet the thought-provoking implications conveyed should be taken more carefully.首先，作者的目的是告訴非常重要，然而我們應該認真對待所傳達的發人深思的含義。 （4）From the dissertation, the writer wants to convey such a me

42、ssage: utmost importance should be attached to .從這篇文章中，作者想要表達這一信息：我們應該充分重視。（5）Currently, there is a widespread concern regarding the previously neglected issue of . 目前，人們開始廣泛關注之前被忽視的這一問題。2）承上啟下：（1）There are many/different/several main/primary/fundamental reasons/causes/factors for this significant/v

43、ital/crucial issue. 這個重要問題有幾個主要原因。 （2）It is no simple job to give the reason for this deep-seated tendency which involves several causes. 這一深刻的趨勢涉及諸多因素，找到個中原因并非易事。 （3）It is no easy task to find the reason for this complicated phenomenon which involves many factors. 這個復雜的現象涉及很多因素，找到個中原因并非易事。 （4）Some

44、driving factors that contribute to the above-mentioned issue may be summarized as follows.促成上述問題的一些主要原因可以概括如下。（5）There are a great many primary reasons responsible for the aforementioned tendency.很多主要原因造成了上述趨勢。3）分論點一：（1）On the one hand, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one shou

45、ld be stressed, that is . 一方面，在被人們確定的最有力的原因中，一點原因應該得到重視，那就是。 （2）For one thing, the past several decades have witnessed a thought-provoking social phenomenon that has been arising from all over the world.一方面，過去幾十年目睹了一個發人深思的社會現象：在世界各地出現。 （3）In the first place, as is demonstrated in the essay, enjoys a

46、 striking popularity around the globe. 一方面，正如文中所示，在全球非常流行。 （4）To begin with, a clear correlation is suggested that has exerted tremendously profound influence on the development of our society.首先，我們可以清楚地看出：對我們社會的發展產生了非常深遠的影響。（5）Above all, we may look into every possible reason except the leading cau

47、se, which is .首先，我們可以研究每個可能的原因，而最主要原因就是。4）分論點二：（1）On the other hand, the dissertation also subtly reflects the social phenomenon that is prevalent nowadays. 另一方面，本文也敏銳揭示了這一社會現象：在當今也很盛行。 （2）For another, as far as the author is concerned, is of utmost importance to both our society and ourselves. 另一方面

48、，作者認為對我們社會和我們自己都意義重大。 （3） In the second place, the author illustrates the deep-rooted reason by stressing the fact that is also essential to the development of our society. 另一方面，作者通過強調對我們社會發展非常重要這一事實，闡明了深入的原因。 （4）In addition, it is imperative for us to cultivate the awareness of in our society.其次，我們

49、急需培養社會中的意識。（5）Furthermore, some find it quite understandable when considering the fact that importance should be attached to . 其次，人們發現當考慮到我們應該重視這一事實時，情況不言自明。5）小結：填中心詞（1）To sum up, it is apparent that the writer aims at reminding us of the significance of in our society. 簡而言之，顯而易見作者旨在提醒我們在我們社會中的意義。 G

50、iven all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that is indeed crucial. 綜合上述所有論證，我們可以得出結論：確實重要。 （3）With due consideration of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that really counts in this society. 充分考慮到上述分析，我們可以得出結論：在當今社會確實重要。 （4）From what has been discussed so far, it is obvious th

51、at is of great concern in our life. 根據上述討論，顯而易見在我們的生活中值得充分關注。（5）By analyzing these factors illustrated in the essay, we may draw the conclusion that importance should be attached to .通過分析文中闡明的這些原因，我們可以得出結論：我們應該充分重視。五、告示類應用文：1.比賽通告：沖刺班二十大必背范文之九Directions: The Students Union of your department is plan

52、ning a Chinese Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following information:1) the purpose of the contest, 2) time and place of the contest,3) what is required of the candidates,4) details of the judges and awards. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the

53、end of the letter. Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.Chinese-Speaking Contest January 7, 2012To improve students ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese-speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (14 January) at the Students Auditorium. Those who are interested