1、糖尿病全英文糖尿病全英文糖尿病全英文Insulin: The Key to Turning Food into Energy 2021/4/272糖尿病全英文糖尿病全英文糖尿病全英文Insulin: TheInsulin: The Key to Turning Food into Energy 2021/4/272Insulin: The Key to Turning Fo、Definition and Types、Signs and symptoms、Diagnosis and Treatmentcatalog2021/4/273、Definition and Typescatalog2Wh

2、at Is Diabetes a chronic metabolic disease insufficient insulin hyperglycemiaDefinition2021/4/274What Is Diabetes a chronic Type 1 diabetesType 2 diabetesGestational diabetesOther typesTypes of diabetesTypes2021/4/275Type 1 diabetesTypes of diabet、Definition and Types、Signs and symptoms、Diagnosis an

3、d Treatmentcatalog2021/4/276、Definition and Typescatalog2Risk factors for developing diabetes being age 45 or over being overweightbeing a member of a high-risk group having close relatives with diabetes having given birth to a baby that weighed over 4 kg birth, or have had gestational diabetes havi

4、ng high cholesterol or other fats in the blood having hypertension or heart disease 、Signs and symptoms2021/4/277Risk factors for developing diAbsence of insulinHighPlsamaglucoseProteincatabolismLipolysisincreasePolydipsiaPolyuriapolyphgiaketonemiaosmoticdiuresisWeight lossFFA Augment、Signs and symp

5、tomspathophysiology2021/4/278Absence HighProteinLipolysisPoAbout type1 diabetesautoimmune disease presence of antibodies connected with viruses and environmental toxins absence of insulin life depends on insulin.LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults )、Signs and symptoms2021/4/279About type1 dia

6、betesautoimmuninsufficient insulinInsulin resistance/hyperinsulinemiaX Syndrome 、Signs and symptomsinsulin resistancehyperlipidimiahypertensionobesity(apple figure)coronary heart diseaseAbout Type 2 diabetes 2021/4/2710insufficient insulin、Signs ainsufficient insulinInsulin resistance/hyperinsulinem

7、iaX Syndrome 、Signs and symptomsAbout Type 2 diabetes Western lifestyle Use of alcoholSmokingSedentary waysGaining more than normal weightEating fewer than three meals a dayA diet high in fat2021/4/2711insufficient insulin、Signs aDifferences between type1 and type2feature Type 1Type 2Insulin product

8、ionabsentnormal or abnormalAge at onsetusually before 40if after 40 usually slow onsetusually after 40, although increasing in younger peoplePhysical appearanceoften thinoften overweight, especially apple figureSymptomssudden onset:greater thirst,urination, hunger, weight loss,blurred vision, infect

9、ionsgradual, subtle onset of similar symptomsTreatmentinsulin, diet, exercisediet, exercise,oral agents and/or insulin 2021/4/2712Differences between type1 and DiabetescomplicationsAcutedecompensationchronic complicationsMacrovasculardiseasenerve damage microvasculardiseasefootdisease ketoacidosisHy

10、perosmolarcomainfectionnephropathyretinopathy2021/4/2713DiabetesAcutechronic MacrovascneuropathyMotorneuropathy Sensoryneuropathy Bladder neuropathy Autonomic neuropathy Diarrhea or Constipation Gastroparesis tachycardiaPosturalhypotension Impotence 2021/4/2714MotorSensoryBladderAutonomic D、Definiti

11、on and Types、Signs and symptoms、Diagnosis and Treatmentcatalog2021/4/2715、Definition and Typescatalog2Time of CheckPlasma blood glucoseRange (mmol/l)diagnoseradom11.1 accompanied with symptoms diabetesFasting 7.0Diabetes6.1 and7.0IFG6.0normaloral glucose tolerance test 11.1Diabetes 7.8 and 11.1IGT7.

12、8normalDiagnose of diabetes2021/4/2716Time of CheckPlasma blood gluc DiabetestreatedEducationMealplanningExerciseMedication2021/4/2717 DiabetesEducationMealExerciseOral MedicationsSulfonylureasAlpha-Glucosidase InhibitorsBiguanides Thiazolidinediones 2021/4/2718Oral MedicationsSulfonylureas2Sulfonyl

13、ureasOral Medicationstolbutamide glipizidegliquidonegliclazideglibenclamideGlimepiride stimulating the pancreas produce more insulin 2021/4/2719SulfonylureasOral MedicationstOral MedicationsSulfonylureasBiguanide shuting off the livers excess glucose production ,possibly contributing to minor weight loss Metformin 2021/4/2720Oral MedicationsSulfonylureasBOral MedicationsSulfonylureasAlpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors delaying the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestineAcarbose Biguanide 2021/4/2721Oral MedicationsSulfonylureasAOral Medicationsincreasin