1、08 人機(jī)工程學(xué)中英文資料外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)人機(jī)工程學(xué)中英文資料外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯譯稿 1可用性和期望值來自WillliamS.Green,PatrickW.Jorda.品的愉悅：超越可用性根據(jù)人機(jī)工程學(xué)會(huì)（HFES）的觀點(diǎn)，人機(jī)工程學(xué)著眼于“發(fā)現(xiàn)和共享可用 力學(xué)和人體測(cè)量所關(guān)注的內(nèi)容，實(shí)際上它是從更廣泛的意義上的一種對(duì)人（產(chǎn)品用戶）的全面和綜合的理解。HFES是人體測(cè)量、復(fù)雜信息的解釋和管理，以及在部隊(duì)和裝備調(diào)配中應(yīng)用的系統(tǒng)分析。系統(tǒng)分析在尺度和復(fù)雜性方面跨度很大，大的系統(tǒng)分析有類似于諾曼底登陸準(zhǔn)備的大型系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃，小到去理解如何從合理性和規(guī)模的角度才最佳的布置20在戰(zhàn)后，隨著公司及其產(chǎn)品在尺

2、度、領(lǐng)域和復(fù)雜性方面的增長，很多系統(tǒng)1957工程協(xié)會(huì)（HFES）的建立，但人機(jī)研究的起源可以追溯到大批量生產(chǎn)方式的成型階段，是當(dāng)時(shí)提高生產(chǎn)效率的要求。隨著工作方式從手工生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的轉(zhuǎn)移，新的工廠工作的概念逐步發(fā)展起來。福特的流水生產(chǎn)線和泰勒的效率理論開始對(duì)生產(chǎn)的規(guī)劃和教育產(chǎn)生影響。即使在家庭生活中，婦女們也開始接20并探索人的情感和認(rèn)知因素。HFES現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有很多新的趨勢(shì)，開始改變公司試圖了解他們用戶的需求、要求和愿望的方式。很多公司使用群體文化學(xué)方法作為在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的早期階段的一種研究工具。群體文化學(xué)的方法出自于文化人類學(xué)，是應(yīng)用在產(chǎn)品研究領(lǐng)域的一種定型研究的方法。事實(shí)證明這些方法在市場(chǎng)

3、調(diào)研的早期階段和幫助產(chǎn)品開發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)展可以進(jìn)一步將其轉(zhuǎn)化為人們所追求的造型和功能特征的可執(zhí)行性見解等方面都十分有效。人機(jī)工程學(xué)發(fā)生變化的第二個(gè)原因是對(duì)于品牌管理的關(guān)注。很多公司認(rèn)識(shí)到賦予產(chǎn)品一個(gè)很強(qiáng)的品牌形象是一種很明顯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。SchmittSimonson價(jià)值，以及為什么產(chǎn)品的各個(gè)方面清晰的、始終如一的傳達(dá)給用戶。一個(gè)成功的品牌有一系列不同因素構(gòu)成，能創(chuàng)造出市場(chǎng)中的完整形象，包裹外觀和產(chǎn)品功能、名稱、廣告、價(jià)格和用戶感知的價(jià)值。通過從更廣的角度透視有關(guān)人的特性的因素，這種人及研究的新方向探討了一個(gè)公司的核心價(jià)值如何能與其用戶的生活方式目標(biāo)聯(lián)系在一起。比如，哈雷戴維森已經(jīng)是一個(gè)世界上最強(qiáng)有力

4、的品牌形象之一，他將標(biāo)識(shí)、核心產(chǎn)品（摩托車）和補(bǔ)充性的生活方式產(chǎn)品（服飾和裝飾品）與他們用戶的生活方式融合在一起。甚至連哈雷摩托車所發(fā)出的聲音也是他們品牌形象的一部分。人機(jī)工程研究發(fā)生變化的另一個(gè)原因是交互設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展的結(jié)果。交互設(shè)計(jì)基于人機(jī)交互（HumanComputerInteraction， HCI，是人機(jī)工程研究的一個(gè)新領(lǐng)域，人們認(rèn)識(shí)到有必要跨越軟件和硬件的界 限創(chuàng)造新的人性化的互動(dòng)產(chǎn)品。而且，很明顯，完全量化的研究方法不足以解決問題。群體文化學(xué)的研究已經(jīng)成為人與計(jì)算機(jī)交互（HCI）研究的一部分，研究人員可以更好的了解人們?cè)诠ぷ骱蛫蕵分腥绾涡枰褪褂糜?jì)算機(jī)（以及計(jì)算機(jī)如何結(jié)合工作和娛樂。盡

5、管人機(jī)工程專業(yè)研究人員主要來自于系統(tǒng)工程、生理學(xué)、認(rèn)知心理學(xué)的專業(yè)人士和教師構(gòu)成，但這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的起源和表現(xiàn)形式都很廣泛。在近一個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間里，廣告、市場(chǎng)、工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、視覺傳達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)、建筑和娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)都應(yīng)用不同的人機(jī)工程來幫助他們定義相關(guān)的參數(shù)，評(píng)估產(chǎn)品成功與否。雖然這些領(lǐng)域的研究不可能不夠正規(guī)，并且缺乏傳播和交流的研究方法的專業(yè)雜志和論壇等渠道，但近年來提取用戶行為模式和喜好的方法被認(rèn)為是對(duì)工業(yè)和研究領(lǐng)域息息相關(guān)，而且是至關(guān)重要的。這些領(lǐng)域的關(guān)于人機(jī)工程的新觀點(diǎn)觸及界定人的特性2001效的人機(jī)因素”作為主題。會(huì)議得到了國際人機(jī)工程協(xié)會(huì)的支持，并且嘗試把產(chǎn)品的可用性和被渴求性（用戶的期望值）兩方面結(jié)合起

6、來。1Usability and DesirabilityFrom: Willliam S.Green, Patrick W.Jordan. Pleasure With Products: Beyond UsabilityAccordingtofileHumanFactorsErgonomicsSociety(HFES),thedisciplineof human factors focuses on the “discovery and exchange of knowledge concerning the characteristics of human beings that are

7、applicable to the design of systems and devices of all kinds.” What is often thought of as a focused approach in biomechanicsandanthropometricsisactuallyamuchbroaderunderstandingof whoandwhatapersonis.Asyouwilllearninthissection,therearemanyother members of the product development team, beyond human

8、 factors specialists, whoareinterestedinthecharacteristicsofhumanbeingsandtheirrelationship to systems and devices.TheHFESevolvedfromthesystemsanalysisconductedbythemilitaryduring WWII.Thethreemaintypesofresearchwereand managingcomplexinformation,andsystemsanalysisinthedeploymentof troops and equipm

9、ent. The systems analysis varied in scale andcomplexity, rangingfromthelarge-scalesystemsplanningusedinpreparingtheinvasionof Normandytotheunderstandingofhowtobestplaceandequippersonnelfroman aptitude and size point of view. The D-Day invasion is one of the complex events of the 20th century. It req

10、uired a scale of logistical organization ofmenandmaterialthatwasunknownpriortothebeginningofthewar.Ata smallerscale,therangeofequipmentandmilitaryassignmentsmeant understandinghowtoorganize,train,andassignmilitarypersonneltomakethe most of their aptitude and body type. Soldiers had to be trained qui

11、ckly and effectively to use and maintain the vast array of war technology developed during WWII. There were size limitations for pilots, submariners，anddrivers.Thedevelopmentofcomplexnewequipmentrequired finding the best personnelwiththerighttrainingfornavigators,cryptographers,codebreakers, radar a

12、nd sonar operators, and bomber pilots andcrew.Afterthewar,aspost-warcompaniesandtheproductstheyproducedgrewin size,scope,andcomplexity,manyofthesystemsanalystsfoundopportunitiesin thecommercialsector.Whilethispost-warfocusgaverisetotheformationof HFES in 1957, the early origins of human factors can

13、be traced back to the developmentofmassproductionandtheneedtoimproveefficiencyin production. As the nature of work shifted away from craft production and agrarianlabor,newconceptsforworkinginfactoriesevolved.TheFord assembly 1ine and Taylors theories of efficiency started to have an effect on the pl

14、anning of the nature of work and education, and even in home economics, wherewomenwereinstructedtoorganizeandplantheirhomesaroundmodem principlesofdomesticmanagement.Attheendofthe20thcentury,thereisa much broader concept of human factors emergingThis new version is in responsetotherecognizedneedfora

15、deeper insight into customers patterns of behavior.Itisstartingtoinvolvequalitativeresearchmethodsandtoexplore emotionalaswellascognitiveissuesinhumanfactors.TheHFEShasavarietyof technical groups, including aging cognitive engineering and decision making, environmentaldesign,individualdifferences,in

16、dustrialergonomics,medical systemsandrehab,macroeconomics,safety,andvisualperformance.Currently, however, most research in the discipline of human factors focuses on usability, not on desire.There are anumberofnewtrends thatare beginningtochangethecompaniesattempttoknowtheircustomersandtheirneeds,wa

17、nts,anddesires.Many companies are using ethnography as a research tool in early stages of productdevelopment.Ethnographictechniquesarequalitativeprocessesthat takemethodsfromculturalanthropologyandapplythemtothefieldofproduct research. Thesetechniquesare proving tobevaluablein early phasesmarketinga

18、ndinhelpingproductteamsdeveloptheactionableinsightsneedtotranslateintothestyleandfeaturesthatpeoplearelookingfor.Asecond reason this is changing is the result of the new locus on brand management. Manycompaniesrealizethatgivingaproductastrongbrandidentityisaclear competitive advantage. The book Mark

19、etingAesthetiy Schmitt and Simonson describesthevalueofavisualidentitysystemandhowallaspectsofaproduct must communicate clearly and consistently withcustomers.A successful brand createsaGestaltimageinthemarketformedfromavarietyoffactors,which includethelookandfeaturesoftheproduct,thename,theadvertis

20、ing,theprice, and the perceived value to the customer, By taking a broader view of whatit means to factor the characterization of humans, this new category of humanfactors explores how a companys core values call connect with the lifestylegoalsofitscustomers.HarleyDavidsonhascreatedoneofthemost powe

21、rful brand identifiesintheworld,whichmergesthelogo,coreproduct(motorcycle),and complementarylifestyleproducts(clothingandgear)withthewaytheir customerswanttolivetheirlives.EventhenoiseaHarleymakesispartofthe brand.Anotherreasonthestudyofhumanfactorsischangingisasaresultofemergence of interaction des

22、ign. Interaction design is a new area in human factorsresearchandisbasedonhuman-computerinteraction(HCI).Thisgroup recognizesthatthereisaneedtocreatemorehumaneinteractiveproductsthat cross hardware and software boundaries. It is also clear that quantitative research is not enough to solve these prob

23、lems alone. Ethnographic research has becomeapartofHCIresearchsothat researcherscanbetterunderstandhow people use and need computing in work and play (and how computers are integrating work andplay).While the human factors discipline is comprised primarily of professionals and faculty from thefields

24、of systems engineering，physiology，and cognitive psychology, both the origins and current manifestations of the field are far broader.Fornearlyacenturyadvertising,marketing,industrialdesign, communicationdesign,architecture,andtheentertainmentindustryhaveallused a variation of human factors to help t

25、o define the parameters and evaluate thesuccessoftheirproducts.Althoughtheseotherfieldsmayhavelackedthe formalresearchandforumfordisseminationoftheirmethodsthroughacademic journals，recentlytheirmethodsforabstractingbehavioralmodelsandlikesand dislikes of their customers have found important relevanc

26、e in industry and research.Thenewerviewofhumanfactorsbythoseinthefieldreachesoutto this view of what it means to characterize and interface with the human. A humanfactors/ergonomicsconferenceheldinSingaporeintheSummerof2001 used the term “Affective Human Factors” as the theme. The conference was end

27、orsedbytheInternationalErgonomicsSocietyandwasanattempttobridge the two schools of thought about usability anddesirability.外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯譯稿設(shè)計(jì)困難與樂趣來 自 Pierre-Henridejean簡介市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作的也驗(yàn)證這個(gè)理論。在本文中，我們討論的一些情況下設(shè)計(jì)的易用性和使用樂趣。目的是要表明的其重要性，以使用樂趣作為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，而不是僅僅為了使用，同時(shí)最大限度地提高產(chǎn)品的可用性。基于一些實(shí)際的例子，分析問題之間的聯(lián)系，探究可用性和使用樂趣。事實(shí)上，這種現(xiàn)象存在一定的矛盾，其中

28、一個(gè)明確的關(guān)系是可用性和使用的困難。困難和樂趣的關(guān)系樸素和簡單的快樂我們一些通過法國工業(yè)部進(jìn)行了的試驗(yàn)研究表明，經(jīng)驗(yàn)往往是在一定程度上困擾的整個(gè)概念的發(fā)展。事實(shí)上，這誤導(dǎo)甚至包括最人們?nèi)粘Ｗ尯唵畏ㄕZ。（簡單的想法（簡單的快樂）并不是非常討人喜歡的。最后，聰明的人們找到簡單的解決辦法，但條件是他們要客服困難或復(fù)雜的問題。這同樣是非常寶貴的，一個(gè)人能夠選擇最有效的產(chǎn)品或最簡單而有效的方法。另一方面是質(zhì)量，誰會(huì)在選擇產(chǎn)品的時(shí)候忽略這些呢。所有的是從設(shè)計(jì)出發(fā)，而不是用戶：這點(diǎn)就忽視可用性。困難和快樂比賽往往根據(jù)其激烈程度決定其而受到歡迎。你甚至可以談?wù)撆d奮度來如果的困難是尋求在游戲本身所提供的服務(wù)項(xiàng)目

29、，以某種方式，簡化和設(shè)施的贊賞中獲得的服務(wù);這就是說，設(shè)立游戲在指示開始了游戲技術(shù)方面的運(yùn)作，正在盡可能容易尋求后，才達(dá)到實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的而獲得一種快感。以同樣的方式， 在許多活動(dòng)中，增加知識(shí)，技能或靈巧是首選的其難度。據(jù)分析有兩種快樂： 學(xué)習(xí)，只有結(jié)果和在過程中，但更重要的是結(jié)果。對(duì)于業(yè)余廚師，獲取訣竅可能是首選的結(jié)果。研究人員的難題，尋找適用的辦法是，或所需的設(shè)備建立自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)，同樣如果不是更多的樂趣，獲得的結(jié)果，他已經(jīng)或多或少的預(yù)期。力量和優(yōu)越性基本思路。壓縮困難也沒有時(shí)間限制。信息安全，例如適用于這種態(tài)度。在這里闡述的一個(gè)程序是 首選的方法過于簡單。不可理解的診斷，而是一個(gè)長期的基礎(chǔ)上的解

30、釋，成為 放心就麻煩擔(dān)心。對(duì)于一些人是醫(yī)學(xué)太愉快會(huì)導(dǎo)致懷疑上升到其效率。認(rèn)真和 嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)方面成為一個(gè)因素的信譽(yù)，因此非常高興。在布局招待會(huì)銀行的代理人是 非常敏感的話題，將給予客戶一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的印象，它甚至可能會(huì)走得那樣遠(yuǎn)，造他的客戶更加放心，從而使他工作更容易。我們注意認(rèn)識(shí)到可用性的重要性，如果造成社會(huì)問題，如失業(yè)率增加目前的生態(tài)問題表現(xiàn)出的傾向這個(gè)方向，甚至可能導(dǎo)致積極的，圖清洗和打撈廢品本身并不愉快的活動(dòng)，即使感覺有尊重自然和生態(tài)方面的問題，既是一個(gè)基本的趨勢(shì)和解決一個(gè)的方案，賺錢對(duì)股市可能會(huì)阻礙他的不道德方面的資金使用情況，從而獲得這種思維方式，在美國建立道德基金使投資者放心，他的儲(chǔ)蓄不放置在

31、支持的項(xiàng)目，他認(rèn)為是.While而技術(shù)進(jìn)步摧毀一些災(zāi)難性的后果，很高興這些，低熱量的健康食品有助于贊賞良好的食物，同時(shí)又不造成的健康問題。意義的藥物導(dǎo)致高興而可能被認(rèn)為是效率低下。處理樂趣和產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的困難我們已經(jīng)看到，樂趣在使用并不總是與可用性聯(lián)系在一起.那是在困難的情況下使用可提高趣味性的互動(dòng)，例如通過提高用戶的自尊，顯然，文化層面應(yīng)該在這里表達(dá)的，以及在其他部分產(chǎn)品（ Dejean1999）文化方面遇到困難和樂趣不同的探索應(yīng)該是取得了文化價(jià)值的一定的困難;文化態(tài)度與 與“黑匣子”的產(chǎn)品可能是非常簡單的，因?yàn)橛脩舨⒉恍枰绾卧趯?shí)際工作，怎樣解決產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)問題，那么用戶可能根本不知道如何正確

32、的，這是他或她將不會(huì)了解這一過程背后的方式，該產(chǎn)品適用于其他手握玻璃瓶裝產(chǎn)品。凡用戶更多地參與這一進(jìn)程可能需要更多的努力去學(xué)習(xí)。一旦解決了這些用戶將能夠理解運(yùn)作的產(chǎn)品和可以拿出一些創(chuàng)新性的解決辦法應(yīng)該發(fā)生的問題，他們從某種意義上說，已授權(quán)通過后作出的額外努力學(xué)習(xí)如何使用產(chǎn)品放在首位。在科學(xué)的方法，從而在非常接近的問題，其復(fù)雜性增加了其學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣！外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯原稿Difficulties and Pleasure？From:PIERRE-HENRIDEJEANINTRODUCTIONThereisageneraltendencytobelievethatdifficultiespreventpl

33、easure.For all work carried out on usability, marketing pleads implicitly for thisthesis, without, however, defending it. In this paper we shall discuss a number of contextsofuseinwhichusabilityandpleasureareinoppositiontoeachother.Theaimistoshowtheimportanceofpleasure-basedasopposedusability-baseda

34、pproachestoproductdesign,inordertomaximizethequalityofuser experience.Thestartingpointisbasedonsomepracticalexamples,wherecontextcircumstancesthrowintoquestionthelinkbetweenusabilityandpleasureinuse. Indeed,caseswillbehighlightedinwhichthereisaclearlinkbetweenusability and difficulty inuse.RELATIONS

35、HIP BETWEEN DIFFICULTIES AND PLEASURESimplicity and simple pleasureSome of our research, carried out for French Ministry of Industry, has shownthatthereisoftenadegreeofstigmaattachedtothewholeconceptof simplicity.Indeed,thisstigmatizationofsimplicityiseveninherentintheFrench language. The meaning of

36、 the words easy-comfortable and easy-going are associated with the concept without merit, and the expressions simple dispirit (simple minded) and plaisir facile (simple pleasure) are not very flattering for the people they referto.Finally, and more concretely, there is genius in the ability to find

37、simplesolutions,ontheconditionthattheydonotdevaluedifficultorcomplexproblems. Itislikewiseveryvaluablethatapersonisabletoselecteitherthemostefficient productorthemostsimpleandefficientmethod.Ontheotherhand,thequality ofthepersonwhochoosesthisproductormethodwillbedisregarded.Allthe honourgoestothedes

38、ignerandnottotheuser:thefirstambiguityofusability.Difficulty and pleasureGamesareoftenappreciatedaccordingtotheirdegreeofdifficulty.mighteventalkaboutanincreasingpleasureparalleltothelevelofdifficulty. Thereare,however,somenuancestobetakenintoconsideration.Inthecaseof electronicgamesforinstance,ifth

39、edifficultyissoughtafterinthegameitself-the serviceprovidedbytheprojectinsomeway-simplicityandfacilityare appreciatedintheaccesstotheservice;thatistosay,thesettingupofthegame.Whereasintheinstructionsforstartingupthegame-thetechnicalsideofthe operation-beingaseasyaspossibleissoughtafter.Theinterfaces

40、,thedirections for use, are developed for thispurpose.Inthesameway,inmanyactivities,theincreaseinknowledge,skillsdexterityispreferredforthelevelofdifficultytheiracquisitionrepresents.By analysisthereare towkindsofpleasure:learningwhereonly theresultcountsand acquisition where the process is more imp

41、ortant than the result.Fortheamateurcook,acquiringtheknackmightbepreferredtotheresult. For theresearcherthepuzzlethatthesearch fortheapplicablerepresents,ortheequipmentneededforsettinguphisexperiments,isequallyif not more pleasurable that obtaining the result that he had already more or less anticip

42、ated.Power and superiorityDifficulty is accepted in the case where the effort provides a power or a superioritycomparedtooneselforothers.Forinstanceifitisdifficulttolearn howtohandleanancientinstrumentlikeasextant,aviolin,on celearntitisa greatpleasuretopractice.Theideaofthebenefitoftheeffortmade,th

43、efeeling of qualitative differentiation, must be linked to thisfact.The phenomena is already possible to observe in games or activities for amateurs, but takes on a very different dimension in professional life.The monopoly on know-howor ability constitutes a power that creates difficulties for many

44、 people. On another level but in the same vein, cultural enrichmentcanbeexperiencedasbeingapleasure.Thefeelingofcompetenceis valorizing. In studies of usability we have noted two attitudes this fact. The refusal or distrust in relation to systems which are too simple or too automatic, causepeopletob

45、eafraidoflosingtheircompetence.Theimmediateconsequence inthecontextofacountryverysimplifiedkindofjobmightbedonebyanyone.Indeed, was this not one of Taylors fundamental thoughts?Reassuring difficultiesIncertaincircumstances,simplicitycancreatefear.Thisisthecasewhen forinstanceactionsinvolvehighstakes

46、andthereisnotimelimit.Thesecurityof information,forexample,appliestothisattitude.Hereanelaboratedprocedure is preferred to an approach which is too simple.Acomprehensiblediagnosis,butonebasedonlongexplanations,becomes reassuringinrelationtoatroublesomeworry.Forsomepeoplemedicinewhichis too pleasant

47、will cause doubts to rise as to itsefficiency.Theseriousandrigorousaspectbecomesafactorofcredibilityandhenceof pleasure. Inthelayout ofbankreceptionstheagents are verysensitiveaestheticsthatwillgivethecustomersaseriousimpression;itmightevengoasfarascausinganimpressionofausterity.Withsuchadecoration,

48、thebankerworkwithgreaterpleasurefeelingmorecredibleinrelationtohis/hercustomers thusmoreatease,whichwillinturnmakehis/her,workeasier.Fatigue and pleasureTiredbuthappy!Thisistheexpressioncorrespondingtoasatisfactionwhich hasdemandedquitedealofphysicalorintellectualeffort.Hereaswell,personal investmen

49、tandpleasureareharmoniouslyunited.Topreventpleasurebeing replacedbystress,itis,however, mostimportantthatthedemandsavailabilityoftimeandmindarestrong.Thefeelingofsatisfactioninrelationto theresultobtainedmightberelatedtotheeffortmadetoobtainthisresult.For manypeoplesportsgivesatisfactionbythephysica

50、leffortmadetoobtainresult.Formanypeoplesportsgivesatisfactionbythephysicaleffortmorethan thelevelofperformanceinitself,theimportantaspectistoMarathonswhichhaveincreasedinnumberincitiesallovertheworldisagood example ofthis.Ethics and pleasureWe have placed religious as well as non-religious considera

51、tions in category,theseconcernsystemsofvalueacceptedbythesocialgroupswhich have multiplied across the modernworld.We have observed that usability was badly regarded if it caused social problemssuchasincreasingunemploymentThecurrentecologicalproblemsare showingtendenciesinthis directionandcanevenlead

52、toactiveintervention Cleaningandthesalvageofwasteproductsarenotinthemselvespleasurable activitieseventhoughthefeelingofhavingrespectednaturecanexist Progress inecologicalproblemsinethicaltermsisbothabasictendencyandanelementof solutionThepleasureofearningmoneyonthestockmarketmighthethwartedby the im

53、moral aspect of the utilization of the funds thus gained This way of thinkinghasleadtothecreationofethicalfundsinthetheinvestorassuredthathissavingsarenotplacedinthesupportofprojectsthatinhisview areimmoralOnthecontraryWhilegainingcapitalhewillfeelapleasurein contributing to stocks that support sust

54、ainable development Different religions havedecreedrulesforbiddingcertainpleasureslikegreedandlust，whereastechnologicalprogresshasdestroyedsomeofthedisastrousconsequencesof these pleasure. The specializedlow-caloriehealth foodProducts contribute to theappreciationofgoodfoodwithoutcreatinghealthproblems.SomepeoplefeelacertainpleasureinthepunishmentsafflictedtoMorecommonlyandInaratherlaysenseamedicationthatleadstopleasure could be suspected of beingine