1、選修九Unit 4Exploring plants 1. 課前自測2. 課堂學案選修九Unit 4Exploring plants 1.課前自測 Key:1. botanist; botanical2. irrigate; irrigation; irrigator3. restrict; restriction; restrictive4. fluency; fluent; fluently5. pollinate; pollinator; pollination6. fragrant; fragrantly; fragrance課前自測 Key:1. botanist; botanicaK

2、ey:7. lower; low8. evolve; evolution; evolutionary9. tight; tightly; tighten10. contain; container; containedKey:7. lower; low8. evolve; eKey:1. date back to2. in3. 借機進行植物探索活動4. 把他們所見到的植物記錄下來5. alive6. 使自己漢語講得流利7. 重視自然科學的研究8. appeals to9. attached to10. 增加生存的機會Key:1. date back to2. in3. 借Key:1. brin

3、ging back plants2. known as3. Keeping plants alive4. increasing the chances Key:1. bringing back plants2.Key:1. their2. is rewarded3. attached4. and5. increasing6. depends7. as8. butterflies9. with10. to guide 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Over time, many flowering plants and _1_ (they) animal

4、 pollinators have evolved together. The plant needs the animal to pollinate it and the animal _2_ (reward) with food called nectar when it visits the flowers. Pollen becomes _3_ (attach) to the animal during its visit to a flower _4_ is then passed on to another plants blossom on its next visit. So

5、pollination takes place, therefore _5_ (increase) the chances of the survival of the plant species.The type of pollinator _6_ (depend) on the characteristics of the flower such _7_ its colour, shape, size and smell. For example, yellow flowers attract bees, while red flowers attract _8_ (butterfly).

6、 The nectar in some flowers can only be reached by a bird _9_ a long bill or a long-tongued moth or butterfly. Flowers that attract bees often have a special pattern _10_ (guide) the bees to the nectar inside. Key:1. their2. is rewarded3.課堂學案1. conflict vi. 沖突；抵觸；爭執 n. 沖突；矛盾；斗爭 1. Brave young men to

7、ok the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often facing many dangers including disease, near-starvation, severe environments and conflicts with the local people. 勇敢的年輕人借機進行植物探索活動，他們常常面臨許多危險，如疾病、饑餓、惡劣的環境及同當地居民的沖突。2. Mary often comes into conflict with her sister. 瑪麗經常和她妹妹產生矛盾。3. Your words

8、 conflict with the police evidence. 你的話和警方的證據相矛盾。 課堂學案1. conflict vi. 沖突；抵觸；爭執 n【詞塊助記】avoid a conflict 避免沖突resolve a conflict 解決爭端political conflict 政治分歧conflict of interest(s) 利益/利害沖突(in) conflict with 與有分歧/沖突come into conflict with 與發生沖突/產生矛盾/戰斗conflict among/between 之間的矛盾沖突 【構詞】conflicting adj. 沖

9、突的；相矛盾的；不一致的 1. John often comes into a conflict with his boss.2. She found _ (she) in conflict with her parents over her future career.Key：1. 去掉a2. herself 【詞塊助記】avoid a conflict 避免沖突【構詞2. scale n. 刻度；等級；規模；音階；量程；磅秤 vt. & vi. 衡量；攀登；依比例決定 1. (2013上海卷) Amusics can only hear the difference between two

10、 notes if they are far apart on the musical scale. 這些天生不喜歡聽音樂的人只有在兩個音符相差較多音階時才聽得出差別所在。2. (2013上海卷) Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. 伍德說該設計為研究飛行器提供了一種全新的方法并能使其規模控制到昆蟲一般大小。3. The force of the wind is measured on a standard scale of 0-12. 風力是按

11、0-12級標準等級測量的。4. They are determined to spare no efforts to scale the peaks in science and technology. 他們決心全力攀登科技高峰。 2. scale n. 刻度；等級；規模；音階；量程；磅秤1production scale 生產規模full scale 全尺寸；完全的on a large/small scale 大規模地/小規模地scale up/down 按比例增加/減少 【詞塊助記】1. In recent years university graduates are stepping i

12、nto society _ a large scale, _ arouses much concern.2. The company began to scale up its _ (operate) in Asia.Key：1. on; which2. operation production scale 生產規模【詞塊助記】1. 【詞塊助記】3. restriction n. 限制；約束 1. (2014江蘇卷) The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to somethin

13、g, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. 我們在利用資源方面的最大限制是在一件事上所能投入的時間有限，因此我們尋求在時間投入上的利益最大化。2. The government has agreed to lift restrictions on press freedom. 政府已經同意撤銷對新聞自由的限制。 import/export restrictions 進口/出口限制credit restriction 信用限額restriction factor 制約因素place/impose a

14、 restriction on sth. 對實行限制restrictto 把限制/控制在 【詞塊助記】3. restriction n. 限制；約束 【構詞】restrict vt. 限制；束縛；妨礙；約束 restrictive adj. 限制性的；約束的 restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的 1. For the first month, patients are restricted _ two cigarettes a day.2. People flooded to a local auto market on Sunday, a day before the city

15、imposed _ (restrict) on the purchase of vehicles.Key：1. to2. restrictions 【構詞】restrict vt. 限制；束縛；妨礙；約束1.【詞塊助記】4. postpone vt. 延遲；推遲 1. (2012江蘇卷) The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed. 下午兩點左右傳來會議將被推遲的通知。2. Lets postpone making a decision until we have more in

16、formation. 讓我們獲取更多情報以后再做決定也不遲。 postpone the meeting 推遲會議postpone a payment 延期支付postpone doing sth. 推遲做某事postpone sth.(to/till) 將某事延期/推遲(到)postpone temporarily 臨時延期 【構詞】postponed adj. 延期的；推遲的 【詞塊助記】4. postpone vt. 延遲；推遲 1.1. My parents suggested to postponing our visit to the pyramids because we didn

17、t have enough money.2. It was _ unpopular decision to postpone _ (build) the new hospital.Key：1. 去掉to2. an; building 1. My parents suggested to pos5 tight adj. 緊的；牢固的；緊湊的；沒空的 adv. 緊緊地；牢固地 1. (2014全國卷) Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule. 這里有三個訣竅讓你在緊湊繁忙的生活中仍能烹飪出佳品。2. (2012上海卷) I

18、 have a tight budget for the trip, so Im not going to fly unless the airlines lower ticket prices. 這次旅行我手頭很緊，所以除非機票降價否則我是不會乘坐飛機的。3. My son holds tight to my hand every time we walk in the dark street. 每次走在黑暗的街上，兒子都緊緊地抓住我的手。 a tight knot/coat/boat 死結/緊身上衣/不漏水的船be on a tight schedule 緊湊的日程安排tight budg

19、et 手頭很緊；預算很緊be tight with sth. 在上吝嗇in a tight corner 處于困境 【詞塊助記】5 tight adj. 緊的；牢固的；緊湊的；沒空的1.【拓展】tighten vt. (使)變緊；更加牢固；加強 1. That coat looks tightly, but she really loves it.2. (2012福建卷改編)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats _ being

20、attacked.Key：1. tightly改為tight2. from 【拓展】tighten vt. (使)變緊；更加牢固；加強 6. bring back 帶回；回憶起；使恢復(狀態) 1. The song brings back happy memories of my childhood. 這首歌使我想起了快樂的童年。2. (2015陜西卷) The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over th

21、e industry and bringing about a lot of damage. 咖啡豆的生產是一筆利潤很高的生意，但不幸的是，把咖啡種在曠野上的生產方式正大行其道并且帶來很大的傷害。 3. (2015陜西卷) Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. 那些幫助孩子完成家庭作業的家長也許反而會讓孩子的學習成績下降。4. (2014江西卷) Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bri

22、nging sight back to people there. 醫生被授以最前沿的技術以使那里的人們重現光明。 6. bring back 帶回；回憶起；使恢復(狀態) 1【頭腦風暴】bring about 引起；導致bring back to life 使蘇醒；使生動/活潑bring down 使掉下或倒下；擊敗；降價；使落到(某種地步)bring in 收獲；賺錢；引進bring out 呈現出；出版；使清楚/明顯bring up 養育；提出；嘔吐 【頭腦風暴】bring about 引起；導致7. give out 分發；發出(光、熱)；公布；耗盡；用完 1. Just as I a

23、pproached the finish line, my legs finally gave out. 就在我快到終點時，雙腿徹底跑不動了。2. (2013遼寧卷)We have given away half of what we owned through websites. 我們已通過網絡捐出我們擁有的一半物品。3. Living here has given me back my health. 在這里居住使我恢復了健康。4. She gave forth the same view at the meeting. 她在會議上發表了同樣的觀點。5. The argument went

24、 on for hours as neither side would give in. 因為雙方都不肯讓步，爭論持續了幾個小時。6. The chimney gives off a lot of harmful gases. 煙囪放出大量的有害氣體。 7. give out 分發；發出(光、熱)；公布；耗盡；用【頭腦風暴】give away 頒發(獎品等)；贈送；泄露(秘密等)give back 歸還；恢復give forth 發出；發表give in(to) 向屈服；上交give off 發出(氣味、光、熱等)give up 放棄give way to 讓位于；讓步；給讓路 【頭腦風暴】g

25、ive away 頒發(獎品等)；贈送；泄露(【微解析】8. However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. 然而，直到18和19世紀人們對植物世界的探索才大規模地展開。 It is/was not untilthat是強調句型，表示“直到才”，被強調部分是not until 后表示時間的短語或從句。that后的部分要用肯定形式。此外，not until 結構也可放在句首表示強調，此時主句用倒裝。 【仿寫】1. _ the son made a phone call home that he abandoned the idea of reporting the missing case to the police. 直到他兒子給家