1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業專心-專注-專業精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業人教版英語八年級下冊第一單元知識點Unit1Whatsthematter?【單詞】matter /mt/n.問題;事情 Whats the matter（with sb.）?怎么啦？出什么事情了？詢問有什么病或遇到什么麻煩、問題sore/s:/adj.疼痛的,酸痛的；惱怒的 -have a sore back 后背痛 -sore throat咽喉痛 n. 潰瘍，痛處；恨事 pressure sore褥瘡， sore spot 傷疤，痛處；傷心事，舊瘡疤stomachac

2、hestmkek n.胃痛;腹痛stomach/stmk/n.胃;腹部foot/ft/n.腳;足 pl. feet - on foot步行；在進行中 - at the foot of在（山）腳下；在的下部neck/nek/n.頸;脖子-necklace項鏈 - necktie領帶 -neck and neck(with sb.) (與)并駕齊驅，不分上下throat/rt/n.咽喉;喉嚨fever/fi:v/n.發燒 haveafever發燒lie/la/-vi.躺, 平躺；位于，存在 liedown躺下-vi.說謊，作為不及物動詞的變化：p.pr - lying，pt- lied，pplie

3、d-vt. 下蛋；放置 e.g., The hen stopped laying eggs. She laid the baby down gently on the bed.作為及物動詞是的變化：p.pr - laying，pt- lay，pplain restv.&n.放松;休息coughn.&v.咳嗽X-rayn.X射線;X光toothache /tu:ek/n.牙痛temperature溫度，體溫 takeonestemperature量體溫headache /hedek/n.頭痛break/brek/n.間歇;休息 takebreaks(takeabreak)休息vi. vt. pt

4、- broke，ppbroken -break away (from) 脫離，放棄（習慣），打破（陳套）-break down (機器等)壞了；(計劃等)失敗； (健康等)變壞；感情失去控制-break in 插嘴，使馴服-break into 破門而入，突然。起來-break off 折斷，突然停止講話，解除（婚約）-break out（戰爭，火災，疾病）突然發生，爆發hurt/h:t/v.（使）疼痛;（使）受傷 p.pr - hurting，pt- hurt，pphurtpassenger /psnd/n.乘客;旅客offadv.&prep.離開（某處）;不工作;從.去掉 getoff下車

5、onto/nt/prep.向;朝enoughnf adj. adv. 足夠的/地，充足的/地 - 用作adj.，修飾名詞，可前可后 enoughwater - 用作adv.，修飾形容詞或副詞，要后置 oldenough - enough + for sb./sth+ to do sth. 足夠，能做trouble/trbl/n.問題;苦惱 pl. troubles-in trouble 在監禁中；處于不幸中；處困難中-get into trouble 使自己或他人陷入困擾之境-have trouble(with / doing sth. ) 在.有困難hit/ht/v.(hit)（用手或器具）

6、擊;打 p.pr - hitting，pt- hit，pphitherself /h:self/pron.(she的反身代詞)她自己ourselves /aselvz/pron.(we的反身代詞)我們自己bandage /bndd/n.繃帶 v.用繃帶包扎sick/sk/adj.生病的;有病的knee/ni:/n.膝;膝蓋nosebleed/nozbli:d/n.鼻出血bleed blidvt. 使出血；榨取 vi. 流血；滲出；悲痛p.pr - bleeding，pt- bled bld，ppbled bled adj. 流血的；breathe/bri:/v.呼吸 p.pr - breath

7、ing，pt- breathed，ppbreathed breath br n. 呼吸，氣息-deep breath深呼吸-take a deep breath深呼吸-out of breath喘不過氣來，上氣不接下氣sunburnedadj.曬傷的climberklam n.登山者;攀登者riskn.&v.危險;風險;冒險 -takerisks(takearisk)冒險accident /ksdnt/n.（交通）事故;意外遭遇- traffic accident交通事故 - car accident車禍；交通事故- by accident偶然；意外地situation/stjen/n.情況;

8、狀況kilo(=kilogram)n.千克;公斤 kg千克km=kilometer千米rock/rk/n.巖石knife/naf/n.刀 pl. knivesblood/bld/n.血mean/mi:n/v.(meant)意思是;打算;意欲 p.pr - meaning，pt- meant，ppmeantimportance/mp:tns/n.重要性;重要decision/dsn/n.決定;抉擇controlv.限制;約束;管理;控制 beincontrolof掌管;管理p.pr - controlling，pt- controlled，pp- controlled advice dvas 不

9、可數名詞. - givesb.adviceonsth.就某事給某人建議；- take sbs advice 接受某人的建議advise dvaz v. -advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事,此動詞不定式作賓語補足語。-advisedoingsth 建議做某事相似用法的動詞：allow(允許)，permit(允許)，forbid(禁止)等allow doing sth允許做某事，allow sb to do sth允許某人做某事；permit doing sth允許做某事，permit sb to do sth允許某人做某事；forbid doing sth禁止做某事，forbid

10、 sb to do sth禁止某人做某事。eg.We dont allow smoking in the lab.我們不準在實驗室吸煙。We dont allow people to smoke in the lab.我們不準人們在實驗室吸煙。People are not allowed to smoke in the lab.人們不準在實驗室吸煙。spirit /sprt/n.勇氣;意志;精神;酒精death/de/n.死;死亡nurse/n:s/n.護士Judy/du:d/朱迪（女名）Nancy/nns/南希（女名）Mandy/mnde/曼迪（女名）Aron/ern/阿倫羅爾斯頓Utah/

11、ju:t:/猶他州（美國）【動詞短語】have a sore back 后背痛 have a stomachache 胃痛、肚子痛have a very sore throat 喉嚨非常痛have a fever 發高燒feelveryhot 感到很熱have / catchacold 受涼;感冒haveacough 咳嗽haveatoothache 牙疼talktoomuch 說得太多drinkenoughwater 喝足夠的水cut myself 劃傷自己hurt oneself 傷著自己have a nosebleed 流鼻血have a rest/take breaks/take a

12、break 休息一下a sick man 一個生病的人feelsick 感到惡心have a heart problem有心臟病on the side of the road 在馬路邊, 在公路的一側goalong 沿著走becauseof 由于getoutof 離開; 從出來mountainclimbing登山運動inadifficultsituation在困境中savealife, saveoneslife挽救生命shout for help 大聲求救see a dentist =gotoadentist看牙醫seeadoctor =gotoadoctor看醫生drink enough w

13、ater 喝足夠的水lie down and rest 躺下來休息 run it under water 在水下沖，用水沖get off 下車 get on the bus 上公交車 catch the bus 趕公交車get out of 從出來getover(克服)geton/alongwellwithsb. 和某人相處得好，getback取回hot tea with honey帶蜂蜜的熱茶 get an X-ray 拍X光put some medicine on it 敷一些藥putabandageonsth.用繃帶包扎take breaks away from 遠離休息without

14、moving 沒有移動in the same way 以同樣的方式run out of 用完sth.runout. 某物用盡了。sb.runoutof sth. 人用盡了某物。eg. Hiswaterrunout. Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.be interested in =have/takeaninterestin 對感興趣placesofinterest名勝lostinterestin失去興趣in a very dangerous situation 處于非常危險的境地takearisk = take risks 冒險risk(sb.)todosth.

15、 冒險去做某事make decisions 做決定=makeadecision=makeuponesmind=decidetodosth A be in control of B A管理或控制BA beinthecontrolofB A在B的控制之中或者A受制于Bbeoutofcontrol 無法控制，無法管理beundercontrol 被控制住，在控制之下giveup 放棄giveup(doing)sth.=stopdoingsth 放棄（做）某事，eg. giveup(playing)computergames；givein屈服giveout分發think about 考慮think a

16、bout saving a life考慮挽救生命right away 立刻、馬上= at once, right nowon foot步行the importance of . .的重要性keep on doing sth 一直持續做. 堅持做某事keepsth+adj 保持某物某種狀態cut off 切斷 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒 beusedtosth. 習慣于、適應 強調狀態；-be / getusedto doingsth. 習慣于、適應-become usedtosth./doingsth. 變得習慣，逐漸適應 強調過程：Hisgrandpawasusedtocou

17、ntrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.Itsdifficulttogetusedtoanothercountryshabit.usedtodosth 過去常常做.(現在不了)(物) beusedtodosth (物)被用來做.=beusedfordoingsthbe ready to do sth 樂意做， 準備好做 be ready for 為.做好準備a few days = several days 幾天 put on 穿上 take off 脫下 fall down = fall over 摔倒 fall down fro

18、m = fall off 從上摔/掉下來fallinlovewith 愛上.fallasleep 熟睡fall behind 落后clean your face 洗你的臉get hit on the head 撞擊頭部get sunburned 曬傷put your head back把你的頭后仰thanks to = with the help of 多虧了的幫助 = because of 由于，因為wait for the bus 等公共汽車 to sbs surprise 令吃驚的是，出乎的意料的是to sbs +表感情色彩名詞 “令某人的是”to sbs joy 令高興的是to sbs

19、 disappointment 令失望的是to sbs satisfaction 令滿意的是toonessurprise令某人驚奇的是 insurprise驚奇地besurprisedtodosth對做感到吃驚 besurprisedatsth對.感到驚奇expect sb to do sth = wish sb to do sth 期待做.in time及時on time準時see sb doing sth看見某人正在做see sb do sth看到某人做某事的過程have problems（in）breathing 呼吸困難= have difficulty / trouble（in）br

20、eathing have difficulty / trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有問題/ 困難have a serious accident一次嚴重的事故all weekend 整個周末agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree to sth. 同意某事agree with sb 同意某人.agreeon 就達成一致意見take ones temperature 量體溫feel like doing sth 想要. an eight-year-old girl 一個八歲的女孩a movie called Kong Fu Panda 一部叫工夫熊貓的電影so t

21、hat 以便于 so.that如此以至于several knives (knife-knives) 幾把刀how to do sth 如何做put a bandage on the cut 用繃帶把傷口纏好get into trouble 陷入麻煩中，處于困境= be in trouble maketrouble 制造麻煩havetrouble/difficulties(in)doingsth 做某事有困難get into陷入mean to do sth 打算做某事, 企圖 mean doing sth 意味著做某事the meaning of. 的意義Whatdoes.mean? = Wha

22、tsthemeaningof. .的意思是.theimportanceof(doing)sth. （做）某事的重要性mind doing sth 介意做 eg. Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?stay healthy = keep healthy 保持健康be in good health處于良好的健康狀態without thinking twice沒有多加考慮need to do sth需要做某事the same as. 和一樣findsbdosth 發現做了某事findsbdoingsth 發現正在做某事findit+adj+todosth 發現做某事是的

23、eg. finditdifficult/hardtodosthbe different from 與.不同had better do sth 最好做某事had better not do sth 最好不做某事such a difficult problem 如此難的問題so fast / so quickly 如此快so happy 如此高興help oneself to 請隨意. enjoy oneself 玩得開心by oneself 獨立地take the old man to hospital 帶老人去醫院move the man onto the bus 把人移到車上tell of講

24、述tell stories講故事tell lies說謊oneoftheexcitingthings 令人興奮的事情之一oneofthe+形容詞+名詞復數 onthatday具體的某一天hisownlife 他自己的生命【知識點解讀】1.詢問某人的健康問題或遇到什么麻煩、問題時的表達：其后跟詢問對象時，與介詞with連用Whatsthematter (withsb.) ?Whatsthe trouble (withsb.) ? = Whatsonestrouble?Whatswrong(withsb.) ?Is there anything wrong (withsb.) ?Whatsup ?W

25、hat happened (tosb.) ?Howareyoufeelingnow?Are you OK ?Areyoufeelingbettertoday?2. 要表達身體疼痛或不舒服,可用以下結構:某人 +have/has+病癥. 某人 +have/has+a+headache（toothache，stomachache, backache, earache）.eg. The twins have colds.雙胞胎感冒了。haveafever發燒haveacold=catchacold患感冒haveastomachache患胃痛haveatoothache患牙痛haveaheadache

26、患頭痛haveabackache患背痛have the flu = get the flu 患流感某人 +have/has+a+sore+發病部位. haveasorethroat患喉嚨痛haveasoreback患背痛某人 +hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞. He hurt his leg.他的腿受傷了。某部位 +hurt(s). My head hurts badly.我頭痛得厲害。某人 +have/has+a pain+in one s+身體部位, I have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。(There is) something wrong with one s

27、+身體部位.eg. There is something wrong with my right eye. .我的右眼有毛病。其他表達方式She has a heart trouble.她有心臟病。He got hit on the head他頭部受到了撞擊。She cut her finger.她割破手指了。3.情態動詞 should “應該;應當”的用法:-否定式為 shouldn t，其后接動詞原形，無人稱和數的變化。-常用來征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務等。 You should drink hot water with honey.。 You shouldn t watch TV.

28、 -用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句, 表示征詢意見。 Should I put some medicine on it? Should we tell her about it?【拓展】其他表示建議的結構: Would you like (to do) sth.?你想要/愿意(做)某事嗎?Would you like to play basketball with me? Shall I/we do sth ?我/我們做好嗎?Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? Why not do sth ?為什么不呢?Why not join us? How/What about

29、doing sth ?How about going swimming? Let s do sth 讓我們做吧。 Let s go home. You d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You d better not go there alone.4.反身代詞的用法：myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself herselfitselfthemselves跟主語一致：Thechildcandresshimself.(作賓語)Mrs.Blackherselfisateacher.(作同位語)Justbeyourself.(作表

30、語)固定短語：teachoneselfsth(自學)learnsthbyoneself（自學）enjoyoneself（玩的開心）helponeselftosth（隨便吃什么）saytooneself（自言自語）introduceoneself(自我介紹)5.toomuch+不可數名詞“太多”；動詞+ toomuch Dont talk too much.toomany+可數名詞“太多”muchtoo+形容詞或副詞 “太”，表程度 Hes much too fat for his age.6.maybe“或許”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybeyouareright.maybe，是

31、情態動詞+be的結構，意為“可能，也許”，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。Hemaybeangry.7.soundlike+名詞代詞和從句：Itsoundslikeyoudontknowthetruth. Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，Themusicsoundsnice.8.need需要，實義動詞-need+名詞，需要某物；-needtodosth.需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動的動作：Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.-needdoingsth.主語通常是物，表示被動的動作：Yourdirtycloth

32、esneedwashing.-neednt=donthaveto沒有必要mustnt不準-must, need引導的疑問句肯定回答用must.否定回答用neednt或donthavetoMustIfinishmyhomeworknow?No,you neednt.Youcangohomenow.9.seesbdosth / seesbdoingsth 感官動詞的用法，看見某人做過某事用原形，看見某人正在做某事用現在分詞這樣的詞語有：hear,listento,lookat,watch,feel,find10. hurt-及物動詞，使疼痛，受傷，Hehurthislegwhileexercisi

33、ng.-不及物動詞，（部位）疼。Hisleghurtbadly.11.hit（用手或器具）打；擊打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.- hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；- heface/eye/stomach打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。12.sick/illadj.生病的 -sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be(系動詞)后作表語，也可放n.前作定語。besickof“討厭；厭惡”feelsick生病；不舒服sickperson=patient病人-ill adj.“生病

34、的”，只能放be(系動詞)后作表語，illillnessn.“病；疾病”beillinhospital生病13.sothat-引導目的狀語從句，“以致，為了，以便于”；-可以和in order that ,in order to ,so as to 進行替換I got up very early this morning so that I could catch the early train=I got up very early this morning in order that I could catch the early train.= I got up very early t

35、his morning in order to catch the early train.=I got up very early this morning so as to catch the early train.14so.that -引導結果狀語從句“如此以致于”-常用句型：主+謂+so+adj./ adv.+that從句主+謂+so+adj(a/an+n)that從句 Heissocute(aboy)thatwealllikehim.=such+a/an+adj+名詞單數+ that-從句Heissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim. -若從句主語與主句主語一致，否定句中可與too.to., not.enough to.進行互換。This problem is so difficult that I cant work it out.=This problem is too difficult for me to work out.He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is too young to go to school.=He isnt old enough to go to school.【知識點補充】： fall（落下）fell, fallen, falli