1、Unit4第1頁Watch the video and answer the following questions.1. Is there anything different about the wedding? Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Audiovisual supplementCultural informationThe wedding is not like the traditional American wedding. The bridegroom is from a different culture

2、.When people from different cultures live together, the big problems for them may be the different languages, different lifestyles, different eating habits, and different religions, etc.2. What are the big problems for people from different cultures when they live together?第2頁Pre-reading Activities

3、- Audiovisual supplement 2Audiovisual supplementCultural information第3頁Priest: Weve come together to show our support for Sidney and Rachel, and their joining hands and joining themselves together in holy wedlock. The weathers been pretty miserable all weekend, but now its a beautiful day. And its a

4、 beautiful day because when two people come together who really love one another and want to share that with other people, it makes it a beautiful day. So Sidney Williams and Rachel Buchman have come to do that. And, Rachel, you go first. Video Script1Audiovisual supplementCultural information第4頁Rac

5、hel:Sidney: Rachel:Paul Buchman likes to say that the measure of a great life is not how well loved you are, but how well you love others. Sidney, you teach me that every day. You are just so full of grace, and I promise before God and these beautiful people that I will love you fiercely and sweetly

6、. And I look forward to sharing that great life with you. Thank you for marrying me.All that I ever wanted was to just hear music, and when I met you, I heard you. And, Rachel, youre the most beautiful thing Ive ever heard. Thank you for marrying me.Youre welcome.Video Script2Audiovisual supplementC

7、ultural information第5頁Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. Confucius1. QuoteCultural information 1Audiovisual supplementCultural information第6頁Cultural information 2Audiovisual supplementCultural information The key to effective cross

8、-cultural communication is knowledge. 2. Cross-cultural Communication StrategiesFirst, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume that ones efforts will not a

9、lways be successful, and adjust ones behavior appropriately.第7頁Cultural information 3Audiovisual supplementCultural information Suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen, and think. This helps in cross-cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly, stop or slow down and

10、 think. Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that one understands the communication accurately. Often intermediaries who are familiar with both cultures can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They c

11、an translate both the substance and the manner of what is said. They may explain the problem, and make appropriate procedural adjustments. 第8頁Global Reading - Main idea 1Text analysisStructural analysis1. Which sentence is the thesis statement?The last sentence of the 3rd paragraph: “Most fundamenta

12、l is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril.”第9頁Global Reading - Main idea 2Text analysisStructural analysis2. Compromising, in the authors view, is a key notion in translation and thus also in intercultural comm

13、unication. Numerous examples are used to explain this notion. Try to find these examples.Paragraph 4: The lack of an exact counterpart of the English word “homesickness” in other languages such as Italian, Portuguese, and German.Paragraph 5: The problem of untranslatability which the early Bible tra

14、nslators encountered.第10頁Global Reading - Main idea 2Text analysisStructural analysisParagraph 6: English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range; the flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mothers Pride white sliced toa

15、sties, yet the word “bread” has to serve for both.第11頁Structural analysis 11. What type of writing is this essay? And whats the main strategy the author adopt to develop the body of the essay?Text analysisStructural analysis It is a piece of argumentation. Abundant examples are provided to support h

16、er argument in the body of the essay.第12頁Structural analysis 2Text analysisStructural analysisParagraphsMain idea1-3It describes the communications revolution taking place worldwide and the widespread use of the English language, and then points out that there are indeed problems with the communicat

17、ions revolution.2. Divide the text into parts by completing the table. 第13頁ParagraphsMain idea4-78It exemplifies that language and culture are so closely interrelated that often we find that what we can say in one language cannot be conveyed at all in another, and that confronted with insurmountable

18、 linguistic problems, translators negotiate the boundaries between languages and come up with a compromise. It briefly points out the immense significance of intercultural understanding.Structural analysis 3Text analysisStructural analysis第14頁Susan BassnettCultural EncountersDetailed reading1Detaile

19、d reading We live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world. Cheap flights mean that millions of people are able to visit places their parents could only dream about, while the Internet enables us to communicate with the remotest places and the traditional postal services are now referred to

20、 almost mockingly as “snail mail.” When students go off backpacking, they can email their parents from Internet cafes in the Himalayas or from a desert oasis. And as for mobile phones the clicking of text messaging at any hour of the day or night has become familiar to us all. Everyone, it seems, pr

21、ovided, of course, they can afford to do so, need never be out of touch.1第15頁Detailed reading2 Significantly also, this great global communications revolution is also linked to the expansion of English, which has now become the leading international language. Conferences and business meetings around

22、 the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. English has simply become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.Detailed reading2第16頁Detailed reading3 S

23、o why, you may wonder, would anyone have misgivings about all these wonderful developments, and why does the rise of English as a global language cause feelings of uneasiness for some of us? For there are indeed problems with the communications revolution, problems that are not only economic. Most f

24、undamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril.Detailed reading3第17頁Detailed reading4 Different cultures are not simply groups of people who label the world differently; languages give us the means to shape

25、 our views of the world and languages are different from one another. We express what we see and feel through language, and because languages are so clearly culture-related, often we find that what we can say in one language cannot be expressed at all in another. The English word “homesickness” tran

26、slates into Italian as “nostalgia,” but English has had to borrow that same word to describe a different state of mind, something that is not quite homesickness and involves a kind of longing. Homesickness and nostalgia put together are almost, but not quite, the Portuguese “saudade,” an untranslata

27、ble word that describes a state of mind that is not despair, Detailed reading4第18頁Detailed reading5Detailed readingangst (English borrowed that from German), sadness or regret, but hovers somewhere in and around all those words. The early Bible translators hit the problem of untranslatability head-o

28、n. How do you translate the image of the Lamb of God for a culture in which sheep do not exist? What exactly was the fruit that Eve picked in the Garden of Eden? What was the creature that swallowed Jonah, given that whales are not given to swimming in warm, southern seas? Faced with unsurmountable

29、linguistic problems, translators negotiated the boundaries between languages and came up with a compromise.5第19頁Detailed reading6Detailed reading Compromising is something that speakers of more than one language understand. When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, you ma

30、ke adjustments and try to approximate. English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range, since English has four words and Welsh has three. And even where words do exist, compromises still need to be made. The word “democracy” means com

31、pletely different things in different contexts, and even a word like “bread” which refers to a staple food item made of flour means totally different things to different people. The flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mothers Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word “bread” has to

32、serve for both.6第20頁Detailed reading7 Inevitably, the spread of English means that millions of people are adding another language to their own and are learning how to negotiate cultural and linguistic differences. This is an essential skill in todays hybrid world, particularly now when the need for

33、international understanding has rarely been so important. But even as more people become multilingual, so native English speakers are losing out, for they are becoming ever more monolingual, and hence increasingly unaware of the differences between cultures that languages reveal. Communicating in an

34、other language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think differently, to enter into another cultures mentality and shape language accordingly. Millions of people are discoveringDetailed reading7第21頁Detailed reading8Detailed readinghow to bridge cultures, while the English-speakin

35、g world becomes ever more complacent and cuts down on foreign language learning programs in the mistaken belief that it is enough to know English. World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding. Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology a

36、nd state-of-the-art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages.8第22頁What do cheap flights and the Internet mean to people today? Detailed reading1-Quesion 1Cheap flights mean that millions of people can afford to

37、 visit places their parents could only dream about, while the Internet means that numerous people are able to communicate with the remotest places with great ease.Detailed reading第23頁Detailed reading1-Quesion 2Detailed readingExemplify and explain that English has become the most important internati

38、onal language. Conferences and business meetings around the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. English has simply become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the r

39、oad to success.第24頁Detailed reading1-Quesion 3Detailed readingSupply specific examples to prove that language and culture are closely related to each other. Numerous examples show that language and culture are interrelated. Take a look at some English idioms and see how different their Chinese count

40、erparts are: a drop in the ocean 滄海一粟to laugh ones head off 笑掉大牙to shed crocodile tears 貓哭老鼠to spend money like water 揮金如土to be born with a silver spoon in ones mouth 生長在富貴人家第25頁Detailed reading1-Quesion 4Detailed readingExplain and illustrate what “compromising” and “the spread of English” mean.For

41、 “compromising,” refer to Paragraph 6 of the text. As to “the spread of English,” a typical example is the spread of English in China. Compared with other nations, China boasts the largest number of people who have learned or are learning English. Chinese learners of English are learning how to over

42、come cultural and linguistic differences. In todays China, the mastery of English has become an important skill which is of great use and value in all walks of life.第26頁Those who are most competent to contribute to the process of world peace probably are those who have acquired the skills to underst

43、and the literal, implied, figurative, or cultural meanings of the words spoken in many different languages.Detailed reading1-Quesion 5Detailed reading1. According to the writer, what is the great function of intercultural understanding?The writer says, “World peace in the future depends on intercult

44、ural understanding.” In other words, intercultural understanding will play a most important role in the promotion of world peace in the future.2. Who will probably be most able to help the process of world peace in the future? 第27頁access n.entrance; way in; means of entering or the right to use or l

45、ook at somethingDetailed reading1 accesse.g.The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.抵達那幢樓唯一路徑是沿著那條泥濘小路前行。The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.Derivation:accessible a.Detailed reading第28頁communicate vi. share or exchan

46、ge feelings, opinions, or information, etc.Detailed reading1 communicatee.g.The Internet is the best means of communication among several partners at different locations.Derivation:communication n.Detailed readingcommunicative a.e.g.He is a shy boy who cant communicate very well.第29頁Derivation: remo

47、teness n.e.g.They found the remoteness of the country a great problem.remote a. distant in space or timeDetailed reading1 remote 1e.g.We can see remote stars through a telescope.In the remote future, many new changes will take place.The Beatles carried Liverpools fame to the remotest corners of the

48、earth.Detailed reading第30頁Detailed reading1 remote 2Comparison:distant, far, remoteDetailed readinge.g.She could hear the distant sound of fireworks exploding.far describe something that is not near, or the part of something that is most distant from the centre or from you e.g.The station isnt far w

49、e could easily walk it.remote describe an area, house or village that is a long way from any towns or cities e.g.He lived in a remote mountain village.distant very far away esp. in distance第31頁Detailed reading1 remote 31. 我們極難觀察月亮另一邊。2. 郵車每七天只到這個偏僻村莊一次。3. 這個朝圣者來自非常遠地方。Translation:The far side of the

50、 moon is difficult for us to observe. _Mail comes to this remote village only once a week. _Detailed readingThis pilgrim came from a very distant place._第32頁Detailed reading1- mockinglymockingly ad. in a way in which sb. or sth. is made fun ofe.g.Andrienne raised her eyebrows mockingly “Whats wrong,

51、 my dear? Dont you understand?”The boy who was once referred to mockingly as a country boy is now the CEO of a joint venture.Detailed reading第33頁Detailed reading1 regardless of Detailed readingregardless of without taking account of or worrying aboute.g.I bought the book, regardless of the cost.盡管價錢

52、挺高，我還是買了這本書。The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion or sex. 第34頁Detailed reading1 facilitateDetailed readingfacilitate vt. help; make easy or easiere.g.The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to the airport.An interface is a window environment designed

53、to facilitate the interaction between the user and the system. 界面是一個窗口環境，其設計是用來促進用戶和系統之間交互作用。Derivation:facilitation n.facilitative a.第35頁Detailed reading1- stepping stone Detailed readingstepping stone any of a row of large stones with a level top, which one walks on to cross a river or stream; fig

54、uratively, a way of improvement or gaining successe.g.For some people, gaining power is an essential stepping stone to a successful life.Temporary jobs can be a stepping stone out of unemployment.第36頁Detailed reading1- have misgivings Detailed readinghave misgivings not be suree.g.I have many misgiv

55、ings about taking the job. 我對是否接收那項工作顧慮重重。 第37頁Detailed reading1 fundamentalDetailed readingfundamental a. basice.g.I disagreed fundamentally with what they stood for. Derivation:fundamentally ad.e.g.A knowledge of economics is fundamental to any understanding of this problem. 經濟學知識對于了解這個問題是至關主要。The

56、re is a fundamental difference in attitude between these two politicians. 這兩位政治家態度有著根本區分。第38頁Detailed reading1 profoundDetailed readingprofound a. intense; deep; very strongly felte.g.I am profoundly grateful for this opportunity to meet you.Derivation:profoundly ad.e.g.The book contains profound in

57、sight into human behavior.The development was to have a profound effect on all our lives.第39頁Detailed reading1- at ones perilat ones peril(used when advising sb. not to do sth.) with the near certainty of meeting great dangere.g.You ignore this warning at your peril.你若忽略這個警告，就得自擔風險。Detailed reading第

58、40頁1. Which companies was she referring when she spoke of competing firms? 2. Bats communicate each other by ultrasonic messages. 3. Citizens may have free access the library. 4. It is rude to mock others shortcomings. 5. Id like to go back to teaching, but I am out touch with my subject now. 6. She

59、 is determined to do regardless all consequences. Detailed reading1 Activity 1Detailed readingActivity: Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.to_with_to_at_of_of_第41頁Detailed reading1 Activity 2Detailed readingabout_7. Food is essential life. 8. At the time, many doctors had serious misgivi

60、ngs the new treatment. 9. Any climber who neglects these simple precautions does so his peril. to_at_第42頁Detailed reading1 We live in We live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world. Translation: 我們生活在一個能夠輕松抵達世界其它角落時代。Detailed reading第43頁Detailed reading1 for many for many people learning