1、2022年北外高翻同傳試卷A radical change in mentalities is under way both in the public sector, which has now been forced to admit that its own means of action are insufficient to meet their development targets, and the private sector, which is becoming aware of its capacity to contribute to the developing cou

2、ntries emergence on the world stage in the role of future partners in local and global markets.Dialogue can be established within the framework of an already increasing number of forums, as well as in project formulation. The presence of other civil society actors and support from the international

3、organizations as much in the thinking and debate as in the actions undertaken are crucial factors or enabling people to make sense of the new prospects for cooperation.The new twenty-first century world order demands that decision- making be opened up to dialogue with new actors. Civil societys inno

4、vative energy has already produced a good number of important initiatives and proposals in many areas. And the business world offers economic resources and know-how that can greatly contribute to development strategy deployment and the promotion of cultural diversity. These are the reasons behind th

5、e United Nations Secretary- General”s decision to launch the Global Compact programme, which outlines a basic code of ethics for private sector partnership. UNESCO intends to establish cultural patronage agreements with businesses aimed, inter alia, at supporting the initiatives of countries in the

6、South.Economists have long been a natural constituency in favor of growth. Since even the richest country has limited resources, the central economic problem is choice: Shall we fund tax cuts for the rich or investment in infrastructure and research and development, war in Iraq or assistance for the

7、 poor in developing countries and our own? By providing more total resources, growth should, in theory, make these choices less painful.The United States, however, has powerfully demonstrated that while growth increases supply, it also raises aspirations. Choices that rich countries have to make thu

8、s seem to be no easier than those confronting poor countries, even though the tradeoffs are more heart-wrenching in the case of the poor. Brazil, for example, must choose whether to use its limited health budget to pay full-market price for AIDS drugs; some AIDS victims may live as a result, but peo

9、ple in need of other health care will die, because money that could have been spent on their needs is simply not there. More growth-provided resources, in this instance, mean the difference between life and death.Still, growth has had its critics. There is a well-developed populist antigrowth litera

10、ture concerned with, among other things, the impact of growth on the environment and on poverty.Historically, economists have questioned whether, at least in the early stages of development, growth is accompanied by societal goods such as greater equality and a better environment. Nobel Prize-winnin

11、g economist Simon Kuznets argued, based on experiences largely before World War II, that there is an increase in inequality in the early stages of development. Arthur Lewis, another Nobel economist, went further: greater inequality, he argued, is necessary to generate the savings that growth require

12、s. A later generation of economists has posited the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve: the early stages of growth cause environmental degradation, not environmental health.Kuznets and his descendants held out the prospect that eventually growth would bring more social justice (greater equa

13、lity, less poverty) and a better environment. But there is nothing inevitable about this - which means that even if it has been true in the past, it may not be in the future. Inequality did seem to fall in the United States after the Great Depression, but in the last 30 years it has increased enormo

14、usly. Many forms of pollution have gone down as richer countries have turned their mind to air-quality issues, but greenhouse gas emissions - with all the dangers they present for global warming - have continued to increase with economic growth, especially in the United States.中國是歐亞地區重要的國家。中國的進展離不開世

15、界，更離不開歐亞地區。同樣，世界的進展、歐亞地區的進展也離不開中國。中國的進展給世界各國尤其是歐亞地區國家帶來重要機遇。中國穩定和諧的政治社會環境、豐富優秀的勞動力資源和潛力巨大的市場， 為與世界各國尤其是歐亞地區國家開展互利互惠的經濟合作供給了抱負的場所。我們快活地看到，通過這些年的不懈努力，中國的中西部地區和東北等老工業基地有了長足進步，呈現奇特的進展前景。我們歡送歐亞地區國家樂觀參與中國西部大開發和東北老工業基地振興，增加中國與歐亞地區各國互利合作的生氣與活力。歐亞地區國家與中國有傳統友情，經濟互補性強，中國政府將鼓舞、支持中國企業與歐亞地區進展貿易、投資辦廠，實現共同進展。中國公司想制

16、造世界品牌，外國公司想增加在中國的銷量，這些都正轉變著中國的設計產業。中國制造商意識到，假設他們想在本國市場脫穎而出，在外國市場嶄露頭角，就必需設計更好的產品。索尼這樣的外國公司也開頭明白，從前海外公司常把任憑什么地方設計的產品拿到中國來賣，而現在，中國消費者變得更加挑剔，他們不再那樣簡潔滿足了。盡管全球大量的電子產品和鞋等都是中國制造，但這些產品的設計都是在歐美或日本完成的。中國公司制造自己品牌的產品時，通常是仿照國外。但如今不同了，他們都想開創自己的品牌。隨著中國公司在設計上的改進，跨國公司意識到，他們的產品需要特地針對中國消費者的品嘗進展 量身定做 了。這些使中國設計產業開頭富強起來。中

17、國公司開頭建立設計中心或雇人幫他們打造自己的品牌。成百上千的設計參謀公司在上海、北京和廣州涌現。國外年輕設計師也開頭擁入中國，想在這個全球最有活力的消費市場上一試身手。現在，中國約有400所學院供給設計課程，每年有1萬名畢業生。一些中國設計師獲得國際大獎，很多人開頭到米蘭、東京、紐約等地工作。設計成為中國最熱門的專業之一，甚至已滲入到社會生活中。漢英口譯分類詞匯02-外經貿類詞匯澳嚴密經濟關系協定ANZCERTA： Australia New Zealand Closer EconomicRelations Trade Agreement擺脫亞洲金融危機的影響shake off the imp

18、act of the financial crisis幫助人才脫穎而出help excellent talents find way to distinction備件spare parts部長級會議ministerial meeting實行樂觀財政政策 proactive fiscal policy 出口創匯型/外向型產業 export-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger倒爺profiteer 抵免offset東盟自由貿易區 AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area東南亞國家聯盟 ASEAN：Association of South-East

19、Asian Nations對外工程承包foreign project contracting 反傾銷措施anti-dumping measures against 防偽標志anti-fake label放松銀根ease monetary policy非配額產品quota-free products 非生產性投資investment in non-productive projects風險治理/評估risk management/ assessment風險基金venture capital風險預備金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk崗位培訓on-the

20、-job training港元的聯系匯率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活國有大中型企業revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises工程工程engineering project工業增加值industrial added value公正合理equitable and rational固定資產投資investment in the fixed assets廣開就業門路increase employment opportunities; c

21、reate jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment規模經濟scale economy/ economies ofscale國合企業即國有合作社state-owned cooperatives國際清算international settlement國際收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment國際收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment國家補貼public subsidies國家鼓舞工程proje

22、cts listed as encouragedby the state國家科技創體系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System國家現匯結存state foreign exchange reserves合理引導消費guide rational consumption橫向兼并horizontal merger壞帳、呆帳、死帳bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan貨幣市場money market機構臃腫overstaffing in (gov

23、ernment) organizations機構重疊organizational overlapping技工貿結合的科技型企業scientific and technological enterprises that integratescientific and technological developmentwith industrial and trade development季節性調價seasonal price adjustments既成事實established/accomplished facts減免債務reduce and cancel debts建材building ma

24、terials進口環節稅import linkage tax經常工程current account經常性的財政收入regular revenues竟價投標competitive bidding 就業前培訓pre-job training 控股公司holding company 垃圾融資junk financing勞動密集性企業labor-intensive enterprises勞務合作labor service cooperation累計實現順差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus利改稅substitution of tax paymen

25、t for profit delivery流淌人口floating population龍頭產品lagship product亂集資、亂攤派、亂收費unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies onenterprises慢性蕭條chronic depression農業技術合作 ATC：Agricu

26、ltural Technical Cooperation盤活存量資產revitalize stock assets配件accessories皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company公平互利、講求實效、形式多樣、共同進展的方針pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking commondevelopment/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development

27、瓶頸制約 “bottleneck”restrictions 企業的自我約束機制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises企業技術改造technological updating of enterprises企業虧損補貼subsidies to cover enterprise losses企業所得稅corporate income tax千年問題、千年蟲millennium bug搶得先機take the preemptive opportunities清理、修訂screen and modify求同存異overcome differences and s

28、eek common ground商住和公益設施建設commercial, residential and public utility construction 申報制度reporting system; income declaration system實行股份制enforce stockholding system實行國民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts市場準人的行政治理措施AAMA Administrative Aspects o

29、f Market Access 適銷對路的產品readily marketable products雙重軌制two-tier system / double-track system水利water conservation全部制形式forms of ownership貪圖安逸crave comfort and pleasure通貨緊縮deflation 通貨膨脹inflation同步增長increase in the same pace 外援方式modality of foreign aid 無氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator無紙交易paperless transactio

30、n現代企業制度modern corporate system消費膨脹inflated consumption協議投標negotiated bidding信息化informationize形成統一、開放和競爭有序的市場establish an unified, open market with orderly competition亞歐會議ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting 亞太法定計量論壇 APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum亞太工商詢問理事會 ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council亞太計量程序 APMP

31、：Asia Pacific Metrology Program亞太經合組織部長級會議AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting亞太經合組織經濟領導人會議AELM：APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亞太經濟合作組織 APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亞太能源爭辯中心 APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center亞太商業論壇 ABF：APEC Business Forum亞太商業網絡 APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network亞太試驗室認可合作APL

32、AC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亞太通訊與數據系統ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System 亞太信息根底設施 APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure亞太中小企業技術溝通與培訓中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for TechnologyExchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises亞洲開發銀行 ADB: Asian DevelopmentBank以試點的

33、形式實行外貿權自動登記制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis營業稅turnover tax在穩固公有制主體地位的同時,促進多種全部制經濟共同進展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witnesscommon development of different systems of ownership債轉股

34、debt-to-equity swap中華人民共和國保護臺灣同胞投資實施條例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments byCompatriots from Taiwan中介效勞組織intermediary service organization注入的生氣與活力bring new vigor and vitality into轉化經營機制change the method of operation資本工程capital account自2022年1月1日起實行 come into official e

35、nforcement as of January 1, 2022 自由浮動匯率free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate自主經營,自負盈虧responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses走上良性進展的軌道going on the track of sound progressshipping service company船務公司generic products非商標(非專利)產品prudent monetary policy穩健的貨幣政策defici

36、t spending超前消費run on banks(到銀行)擠兌domestic support to agriculture 對農業的國內支持special bonds特種債券economy of abundance 富有經濟Animal-based protein動物源性蛋白dual purpose exports軍民兩用品出口dual-use goods and technology 軍民兩用產品和技術NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由貿易區global quota全球配額grandfather clause祖父條款Animal-deriv

37、ed food動物源食品EVSL (Early Voluntary SectoralLiberalization)部門提前自愿自由化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalizationand Facilitation)貿易和投資自由化和便利化常見縮略：C&F(cost&freight)本錢加運費價T/T(telegraphic transfer)電匯D/P(document against payment)付款交單D/A (document against acceptance)承兌交單C.O (certificate of origin)一般原產地證G.S.P

38、.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)紙箱PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、個、支等DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等WT(weight)重量G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)凈重(customs declaration)報關單EA(each)每個，各W (with)具有w/o(without沒)有FAC(facsimile) IMP(import)進口EXPexpo

39、rt出口MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度M 或MED (medium)中等，中級的M/Vmerchant vessel商船S.S(steamship)船運MT或M/T(metric ton)公噸DOC (document)文件、單據INTinternational國際的P/L (packing list)裝箱單、明細表INV (invoice)發票PCT (percent)百分比REF reference參考、查價EMS express mail special特快傳遞STL.(style)式樣、款式、類型T或LTX或TX(telex)電傳

40、RMBrenminbi人民幣S/M shipping marks裝船標記PR或PRC(price) 價格PUR (purchase)購置、購貨S/Csales contract銷售確認書L/C letter of credit信用證B/L bill of lading提單FOB free on board離岸價CIF cost,insurance&freight本錢、保險加運費價GMO (genetically modified organism)轉基因組織CAGA (compound annual growth average)年復合增長率口譯筆譯分類詞匯03-改革開放詞匯保險業 The i

41、nsurance industry保證重點支出 Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business補發拖欠的養老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良貸款 Nonperforming loan層層轉包和違法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting產值 output value城鄉信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城鎮居民最低

42、生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城鎮職工醫療保險制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽樣調查 data from the sample survey出口信貸 Export credit初步建立社會主義打算商品經濟體制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.貸款質量 Loan quality貸款質量五級分類方法 The

43、five-category assets classification for bank loans其次產業 secondary industry 第三產業 tertiary industry 第一產業 primary industry獨資企業 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise發電量 electric energy production發揮市場的調整作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market進展過快 excessive growth防范和化解金融風險 Take precautions ag

44、ainst and reduce financial risks防洪工程 Flood-prevention project非法外匯交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分 non-public sectors非貿易收匯 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非銀行金融機構 Non-bank financial institutions 費改稅 Transform administrative fees into taxes 安排形式 forms of distribution風險資

45、金 risk funds副業 sideline production改革是“社會主義制度的自我完善和自我進展 “ Reform is “the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.“改革重點轉移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities改善經濟環境 improve economic environment搞活企業 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises各盡所能，按勞/需安排 from each acco

46、rding呵呵 高翻招生簡章大家能翻譯不呵呵同聲傳譯是各種翻譯活動中最難作的一種翻譯。在國際會議那種緊急環境里，譯員要能不連續地邊聽邊譯，是很不簡潔的。要學好這樣的技能，需要具備肯定的條件，如：扎實的英、漢語言根底，英語的聽說力量要強，英漢兩種語言的語音、語調要好，要思維靈敏，反響快，對國際問題興趣，學問面要廣。所以錄用時以考生的復試成績為主。考生可依據自身狀況及專業對考生的要求，有針對性地進展預備。關于考試，英漢互譯筆譯試卷是由本院命題的。不考理論，只考實踐，目的是考察學生實際翻譯力量。根底英語試卷與英語學院其他專業一樣。The revised editionAmong all catego

47、ries of translation, simultaneous interpretation is the hardest.Amid the tense atmosphere of international conference, it is difficult to listen to the speaker and interpret his words simultaneously.To acquire such skills, one is required to have the following qualifications: solid foundation of both Chinese and English, proficient English listening and speaking, g