1、 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義一一代詞人稱(chēng)代詞-卓、格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)、主格賓格主格賓格A人稱(chēng)Imeweus第二人稱(chēng)youyouyouyou第三人稱(chēng)hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱(chēng)代詞不同的格在句中有不同的句法功能：人稱(chēng)代詞的主格作主語(yǔ)，賓格可作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。He would drown his sadness in coffee.（主格作主語(yǔ)）Thank you for your letter.（動(dòng)賓）I bought a present for him.（介賓）Hi, its me.（賓格作表語(yǔ)）提示：（1）在It is/ wasthat/wh。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分作主語(yǔ)，雖然跟在is

2、/was后，但仍用主格形式。Its I who did it.（2）在沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子中，人稱(chēng)代詞常用賓格。-Glad to meet you.-Me, too.用人稱(chēng)代詞填空.-Jim, can you work his Sunday?-Why? I ve been working for two weeks on end. On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby.物主代詞類(lèi)別我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsoursyourtheir名詞性mineyourshi

3、shersitsoursyourstheirs形容性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，置于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。Is this your seat, sir?The government has changed its policy.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy. （作主語(yǔ)）This camera is mine and that is yours.（作表語(yǔ)）Every person showed his ticket, and I showed mine too.（作賓語(yǔ)）

4、用物主代詞填空The sweet music of that laughter brought back a hundred memories of past winters. I remembered catching snowflakes on my tongue, building snowmen and always losing snowball fights with first brothers and thenmy own children.This is our room, and is just across the hall.反身代詞稱(chēng) 數(shù)A人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)mys

5、elfyourselfhimself ,herself, itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves.反身代詞的基本用法反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)賓： Tom taught himself Chinese.介賓： You cant leave the baby by himself.作表語(yǔ)： She is not quite herself today.作同位語(yǔ)：I myself can repair the bike.含有反身代詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)（1）與介詞連用You ll have to see if he has gone to Wuhan for oneself.（親

6、自）The computer may shut off by itself .（自動(dòng)地）One would rather have a bedroom to oneself. = =for ones own private use, not to be shared 獨(dú)自享用）I can t finish the work by myself . = =alone; without help 單獨(dú)地、 獨(dú)自地）He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam. （=almost mad with anger/

7、excitement 由 于氣憤、激動(dòng)等而幾乎發(fā)狂、忘形）（2）與動(dòng)詞連用enjoy oneself = =have a good time） 玩得開(kāi)心Behave yourself! （=Be polite! Show good manners !）規(guī)矩點(diǎn)!absent oneself缺席；不參加devote oneself to 專(zhuān)心于； 獻(xiàn)身于apply oneself to 適應(yīng)treat oneself to sth.用 犒勞自己make oneself at home 不要客氣seat oneself （=sit） 坐think for oneself （=form one s o

8、wn opinion）獨(dú)立思考（形成自己的看法，自行決定）He is not himself today. （be oneself 處于正常狀態(tài)，顯得自然）He is always boasting himself. （boast oneself 自夸）A moment later, he came to himself. （come to oneself=regain self-control or consciousness 恢復(fù)自制力 /;蘇 醒過(guò)來(lái)）When he work up, he found himself in a hospital bed. （find oneself+ 介

9、詞短語(yǔ) /doing sth :發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于某種 狀態(tài)或在做某事）The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself to it. （help oneself to sth=take sth for oneself擅自取用）用反身代詞填空I dont believe you. Did you see it?It is not his fault: I cut with a knife.We should be independent of our parents. We should depend on.指

10、示代詞指示代詞用來(lái)指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代詞，表示“這個(gè)，這些”，“那個(gè)，那些”。常用的有單數(shù)this, that;復(fù)數(shù)these, those為了方便學(xué)習(xí)，我們把 so, such也歸到這一類(lèi)。.指示代詞的句法功能Charlie, this is my friend, Amy. 作主語(yǔ)This house is for rent. 作定語(yǔ)What I want to stress is this. 作表語(yǔ)What do you think of this? 作賓語(yǔ).指示代詞的用法this, that, these, those指示彳t詞this, these指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物；tha

11、t, those指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。This picture was painted by Robert and that one by Bruce.I love these books but I dont like those (ones).知識(shí)拓展A.用英語(yǔ)打電話時(shí)，this指自己，that指別人。Hello! This is Alan. Who is that speaking?B.剛提到的或已經(jīng)完成的事情用that,而將要發(fā)生或?qū)⒁岬降挠胻his.Little George broke the vase, but he didn t admit it. That was

12、very annoying.-Professor Watson is going to give us a lecture on geology.-This is very exciting.such的用法such指如前面所述的這樣的人或事物Such was the result.結(jié)果就是這樣。so的用法so起指示作用時(shí)，代替一個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine等詞后用so代替前文提出的觀點(diǎn)。既可用于肯定句也可用于否定。I think/suppose/imagine/believe so.我想如此。I dont think

13、/expect/suppose/imagine/believe so. =I think/expect/suppose/imagine/ believe not. 我想不是 這樣。 用于表示肯定的hope, Im afraid后，代替前文提到的觀點(diǎn)。-It is going to rain this evening.-I hope so./ I hope not.用指示代詞填空8. This is for me and is for you.9.is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.it的用法.指代上文提到的某

14、樣?xùn)|西Where is y dictionary? I left it right on the desk.用以代替指示代詞this, that-Whats this?-Its a flag.-Whose exercise book is that?-Its hers.指不知性別的嬰兒（baby）或身份不明確的人（由于某種原因而不知對(duì)方是誰(shuí)）The baby cried because it was hungry.-Who is knocking at the door?-It s me.指時(shí)間、天氣、距離等It is nine o clock sharp now.It is raining

15、hard outside.It is a long way to the factory.作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)it常用來(lái)代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或名詞性從句作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)而將真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)后置。Its not easy to learn a foreign language.（作形式主語(yǔ)，代替不定式短語(yǔ)）Its impossible for him to get there in time.（作形式主語(yǔ)，代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)）It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.（作形式主語(yǔ)，代替動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）I find

16、 it easy to get on with Jim.（作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式短語(yǔ)）I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.（作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替名詞性從句）用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全句子I think （有必要的）that we have the meeting.（眾所周知） China has the largest population in the world.（據(jù)說(shuō)）all of them have gone to the cinema.熟記下列有關(guān)it的固定結(jié)構(gòu)I take it that you don

17、t agree with me.（我的理解是 ）I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.（討厭 ）I like it when she sings me a song.（喜歡 ）I cant help it if he is always late.（沒(méi)辦法）I would appreciate it if you can help me.（將不勝感激）I dont mind it if you are late.（不會(huì)介意）Please see to it that （make sure that） you bring en

18、ough money when you go out.（確保）You can count on it that he is very smart.（相信 ）As someone puts it: Practice makes perfect.（正如 所說(shuō)的那樣）You neednt go if you dont feel like it .（不愿意）When it comes to football, he is more excited.（提至U ）.用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型（詳見(jiàn)特殊句式專(zhuān)題）用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空13. I hate when people talk with their mouths f

19、ull.is not what your father is but whether you can do the work well that matters.is a wonder （that） he continues to gamble when he always loses !不定代詞() both, all, either, any, neither, none 的區(qū)別指涉司義都任何都不兩個(gè)人或物botheitherneither三個(gè)或三個(gè)以 上的人或物；不 可數(shù)名詞allanynone如：I ve bought two books; you can have either. I

20、 am sorry I cant lend you any (money). None of this money is mine.用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.(二) one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的區(qū)另U

21、替代onea/an+單數(shù)名詞ones零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞the onethe+單數(shù)名詞the onesthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞thatthe+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞（尤箕是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)）thosethe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（尤箕是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)）We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose one (=a summer camp) based on your own interests. ( one 代替“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”)Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones (=presen

22、ts) that I had never seen.The book on the desk is better than the one/that (=the book) under the desk. (the one/that 代替“ the+單數(shù)名詞”)The books on the desk are better than the ones/those (=the books) under the desk. (the ones/those代替the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”)Little joy can equal that (=the joy) of a surprising ending

23、when you read stories. (that 代替“the+不可數(shù)名詞”)用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空：Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than in the city.Helping others is a habit,you can learn even at an early age.(三) one, another, the other; some, others, the others 的區(qū)別一個(gè)/一些另外一個(gè)/一些剩余的一個(gè)/一些單數(shù)oneanotherthe other復(fù)數(shù)som

24、eothersthe others一本/ 一些書(shū)另外一本/一些書(shū)剩余的一本/一些書(shū)單數(shù)one bookanother bookthe other book復(fù)數(shù)some booksother booksthe other books汪思：the rest of （剩余的）后既可以加.the other后通常加可數(shù)名詞（單數(shù) /復(fù)數(shù)），不能加不可數(shù)名詞；短語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))，也可以加不可數(shù)名詞；else只能放在不定代詞或特殊疑問(wèn)詞后。-What did you do last weekend?-Oh, nothing else.2.體會(huì)下列句子中黑體詞的用法I have twobooks:

25、one is English, and the other (one) / oneis French.He will stay here for another three / three other / three moredays.There are many books on the table: some are English, the others / the rest are French.He ll be ina wheelchair for the rest of his life.5)Would youplease make it some other day / anot

26、her day ?I saw him in London the other day/ week/ month . (=a few days/ weeks/ months ago)He has no other close friends like John.8) If this dictionary is not yours, who elses can it be?用 another 或 the other 填空We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let s have one this month.He raised

27、one arm and then.(四)someone/somebody/something, anyone/anybody/anything, everyone/everybody/ everything, noone/nobody/nothing 的區(qū)別某任何每個(gè)，所有沒(méi)有人someone/somebodyanyone/ anybodyeveryone/ everybodyno one/ nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingNothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit t

28、o the Palace Museum.Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly anything (almost nothing ) left in the house.(五) none, nobody/no one, nothing 的區(qū)另U1.-=指代用來(lái)回答相當(dāng)于none人或物how many how muchnot a/an/any+名詞或no+名詞nobody(no one)人whonot anyonenot anybodynothing物whatnot anything-How much money do you have? -None

29、.If I had some money, I would lend him some, but unfortunately, I have none. (none= not any money)I wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment. (no one=not anyone)2. none 后面可跟 of 短語(yǔ)，而 something/anything/everything/nothing 和 someone/anyone/ everyone/ no one 卻不能。如：As we were asle

30、ep, none of us heard the sound.None of them knew about the plan because it was kept as a secret.用 none, nobody (no one), nothing 填空can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.Swimming is my favorite sport. There is like swimming as a means of keeping fit.-Wow! Youve got so many clothe

31、s.-But of them are in fashion now.I couldn t just stand by and do.（六）含復(fù)合不定代詞的習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)He is nothing but a clerk. 只是He is anything but a clerk. 根本不She is something of a doctor. She has saved many lives.可以說(shuō)He is a scientist or something .之類(lèi)Your house is something like ours.有點(diǎn)像They get something like 97% re

32、newals every year. 大約用 anything, nothing 填空Shes always trying to get something for.They work very hard. They are but lazybones.The visit is boring. It is but a waste of time.（七）any, every的區(qū)別anyeverynot anynot every（三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上 的）任何一個(gè)（三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上 的）每一個(gè)任何人/物都不（全部 否定）并非每個(gè)（部分否定）I have many books here, and you c

33、an take any one.Every student has to take the examination.=All the students have to take the examination.（八）each, every的區(qū)別詞性功能意義every限定詞定語(yǔ)三個(gè)或二個(gè)以上中的 每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“整體”each代詞、限定詞主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、 定語(yǔ)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的 每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“個(gè)體”Each of my children goes to a different school.Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars.=The tickets co

34、st 10 dollars each.=The tickets each cost 10 dollars.Every man is not honest.= Not every man is honest.并非每個(gè)人附成實(shí)。 用 each或 every填空He had a cut on foot.child in the class passed the examination.of the houses is slightly different.32. I asked all the children and told a different story.（九）many, much, fe

35、w, little, a few, a little 的區(qū)別多少?gòu)?fù)數(shù)名詞概念manyfew不可數(shù)名詞概念muchlittle1_- - -否定復(fù)數(shù)名詞概念a fewfew不可數(shù)名詞概念a littlelittle注意： only a few=few; only a little= little; quite a few= many; quite a little=much（彳艮多）people dont have （彳艮多）food.（很多）of the mistakes were just caused by carelessness.（很少）people can live to be 10

36、0 years old.You have done （很少）for me.Come in and have （一點(diǎn)） whisky.She has written many books but I ve only read （少數(shù)）（十）全部否定和部分否定all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及“every+名詞”都表示全部肯定；no one, none, nobody, nothing, not any 以及“no+名詞”都表示全部否定；當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中時(shí)，不管not在它們之前還是在它們之后都表示部分否定。此外

37、，not與總括性副詞如 everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等連用時(shí)也表示部分否定。Not all of them smoke. =All of them don t smoke.All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out his problem.Such a thing cant be found everywhere.用不定代詞填空Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but don t like of them very much.I made

38、a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment,of them answered it.疑問(wèn)代詞who和whom的用法who是主格，在句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)； whom是賓格，在句中常作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中 who可代替whom作 賓語(yǔ)，但whom前有介詞時(shí)除外。Who do you think is better?（作主語(yǔ)）Whom/Who did you often play with when you were a child?（作介詞 with 的賓語(yǔ)）With whom did you discuss the question? （wh

39、om 不可用 who 替代，因?yàn)榍懊嬗薪樵~with ）whose的用法表示“誰(shuí)的”，既可置于名詞前作定語(yǔ)，也可單獨(dú)使用。在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。Whose is better, yours or hers?（作主語(yǔ)）Whose side are you on? （作定語(yǔ)）Whose do you love better, Jacks or Sallys car?（作賓語(yǔ)）Helen has already taken her bag away. Whose is this? （作表語(yǔ)）which與what的用法兩者均可就人或物提問(wèn)，但which 一般用于有選擇范圍的情況，what用于無(wú)

40、選擇范圍或選擇范圍不清楚的情況。which后可跟of,而what不可。which, what還可置于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。Which would you like to eat, meat or fish ?What boys do you like best?知識(shí)拓展 what的習(xí)慣用法注意what與下列黑體單詞的搭配t the population ?the distance?the price ?What is y your address?your attitude ?the height/ weight/ depth/ length/ width/ size ?Whatfor?和 What

41、for?用于詢問(wèn)原因和目的。What did you put it into the soup for?It would improve the taste.Im going to the grocery store.What for? We still have enough food in the fridge.What if？表示假設(shè)、建議、征求意見(jiàn)或疑惑？What if it rains while we are on the way?What do you mean (by)?表示憤怒、不滿等情緒。What do you mean by shutting the door so lo

42、udly?What/How about？用于征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)、詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的情況。-We need one more player.-What about Elaine? She is a very nice girl.(6)疑問(wèn)詞what構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。So what?(表示不感興趣或認(rèn)為不重要)Guess what?(用于引起他人的注意)What next?(店員用于)還要什么？4. what和who的區(qū)別一般what問(wèn)職業(yè)或地位；who問(wèn)的是姓名或身份。Who is that over there?Its Robert.What is the man over there?He is a doc

43、tor.用疑問(wèn)代詞填空the population of China?better exercise-swimming or tennis?答案：1. me 2. me 3. my 4. yours 5. yourself 6. myself 7. ourselves 8. that 9. Suchit (is) necessary 11. It is well known that 12. It is said that13. it 14. It 15. Iteither 17. neither 18. that 19. one 20. another 21. the other 22. N

44、o one/ Nobody 23. nothing 24. none 25. nothing 26. nothing 27. anything 28. nothing 29. eachEvery 31. Each 32. each 33. Many; much 34. Many 35. Few 36. little 37. a littlea few 39. either 40. neither 41. What 42. Which高頻考點(diǎn)either, neither, both, all, any, none 的區(qū)別none, no one, nobody, nothing 的區(qū)另Ueve

45、rything, something, anything, nothing 及其習(xí)慣搭配的區(qū)另1Jone, another, the other, some, others, the others 的區(qū)另 Uone, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it 的區(qū)另 U 代詞練習(xí)（一）I.How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and came into the room and justshut it off without asking you ?.The qu

46、ality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools .The meeting will be held in September ,but knows the date for sure .To warm himself ,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.Niki is always full of ideas ,but is useful to my knowledge .An av

47、erage of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year , making the driest year since California became a state in 1850.7.Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself .8.A smile costs,but gives much.n some countries , people eat with chopsticks, while in,knives and forks.Who s that at

48、 the door ?is the milkman .You can ask anyone for help .here is willing to lend you a hand .12.I appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come .13.She d lived in London and Manchester ,but she liked and moved to Cambridge .14.When shall I call, in the morning or afterno

49、on ?.I llrbell day .It s an e-hesituation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can t do.At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine .Recycling is one way to protect the environment ;reusing is.This project requires close teamwork .will be ac

50、hieved unless we work well together . The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than on the small ones.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years ,she lost of her enthusiasm forlife .Studying Wendy s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to of McDonald

51、 s.Sarah made to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning .Sophia waited for a reply ,but came .24.If you re buying today s papsrandmdould you get for me .Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him , but of them wants to , because they have workto do.When you are done with

52、the book ,just give it to Lucy or Helen or. New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.28.I got this bicycle for:My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one .29.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the loc

53、al governments to increase代詞練習(xí)（二）.What about your job, Tom ?1 promise to see to that it will be done on time .During the rush hour , I have been looking for a taxi but haven t found yet .Mom ,I ll stay in to accompany my grandpa this evening .Suit !.What is the man ,do you know ?1 don t know exactly

54、 .But I think he can be but a teacher .He didn t make clear when the meeting would be held .n societies where social roles are determined , boys usually copy the behavior of their fathers ,and girls of their mothers.The book is of great value .can be enjoyed unless you digest it .The wedding dress o

55、f the Princess is noble and elegant . is the beauty of this style that it will be popular with young women .Hi ,John ! I m going to see the filmHobbit m this evening .Hobbit 出 ？ A fantastic film ,I ve been longing to see .Wherever he is ,he makes a rule to give his mother a call every day .Which of

56、those do you like best ?.They are all too expensive and don t go well with my new suit .代詞練習(xí)(三)“Without the ball Im half complete of_1_, Luis Figo one of the worlds greatest football players once said.The Portuguese played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing_2_one hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England. A crowd of more than 30,000 fan