1、動詞時態現在完成時態現在完成時態高考鏈接(2000北京) All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start.A. completed B. completeC. had been completed D. have been completed(2002全國) I wonder why Jenny _us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt writeC. wont write D. hadnt written高考

2、鏈接(2004廣西) -The window is dirty.-I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt cleanC. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned(2004福建) She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reachedC. are reaching D. had reached高考鏈接(2004江蘇) More patients _

3、in hospital this year than last year.A. treated B. have treatedC. had been treated D. have been treated(2005北京) I cant see any coffee in the cupboard. _?A. Has it all been finished B. was it all finishedC. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish高考鏈接(2005重慶) Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a

4、 storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been caused B. had been causeC. will be caused D. will have been caused(2005廣東) Yeas ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing高考鏈接(2005湖北

5、) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A. were deciding B. have decidedC. decided D. will decide(2007上海) With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _ in the past years.A. discovered B. have discoveredC. h

6、ad been discovered D. have been discovered練習歸納Please translate他已把燈關了。He has turned off the light.音樂會已經開場了。The concert has started.我看過那部電影了。I have already seen the film.現在完成時的 完成用法 指的是動作發生在過去某一時刻并已完畢，但該動作對現在產生了影響，與現在情況具有因果關系。 完成用法 練習歸納他已把燈關了。He has turned off the light.音樂會已經開場了。The concert has starte

7、d.我看過那部電影了。I have already seen the film.( 動作完畢于過去，但說明的是現在的情況 - 燈現在不亮了。 ) ( 動作完畢于過去，但說明的是現在的情況 音樂會現在在演。 ) ( 動作完畢于過去，但說明的是現在的情況 我現在知道這部電影。) 練習歸納如：already, yet, just, before, recently 等 頻度時間狀語 never, ever, once 等 this morning / month / year. ， today 等 完成用法 動作不延續只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語連用如： Have you found your pe

8、n yet ？ 你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？ I have spent all of my money so far. 到目前為止我已經花光了所有的錢。練習歸納Please translate自從 1978 年以來，他一直住在這兒。He has lived here since 1978. 我在部隊已經呆了五年多了。I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 現在完成時的 “ 未完成用法 指的是動作開場于過去某一時刻，一直延續到現在，或可能還要繼續下去。“ 未完成用法 練習歸納自從 1978 年以來，他一直住在這兒。He has lived here

9、 since 1978. 我在部隊已經呆了五年多了。I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 動作起始于 1978 年，一直住到現在，可能還要繼續住下去。動作開場于 5 年前，一直延續至今，有可能還要繼續下去。練習歸納如： since then、for+一段時間、lately、recently、 in the last/past few days up to now ， so far 到目前為止 等“未完成用法 動作延續與表示一段時間的狀語連用或與表示現在時刻相連的時間狀語連用例如： Detectives are so 到目前為止，他寫了8本

10、書。練習歸納未完成用法只適用于延續性動詞，不可用于終止性動詞如： come, go, arrive, leave, join, become, die 等。終止性動詞也稱非延續性動詞、瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續的動作，這種動作發生后立即完畢。如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy 等。 延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作，這種動作可以延續下去或產生持久影響。如 ： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have

11、, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。其完成時態可與表示 段時間 的狀語連用I have learned English since I came here. 自從我來到這兒就學英語了。 延續性動詞的用法特征It rained at eight yesterday morning.( 誤) It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.( 正 ) 如果用延續性動詞表示一瞬間的動作，可以借助 come, begin, get 等終止性動詞來表示。不能與表示短暫時間的 點時間 狀語連用。可用來表示某一

12、動作完成。The train has arrived. 火車到了。Have you joined the computer group? 你參加電腦小組了嗎？ 終止性動詞的用法特征 他死了三年了。 誤： He has died for three years.正： He has been dead for three years. 正 ： He died three years ago.正 ： It is three years since he died. 正 ： Three years has passed since he died.不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用 ( 只限肯定式 ) 。終

13、止性動詞，不能與表示 段時間 的狀語連用。可以改用下面的四種方法表達：(a) 將句中終止性動詞轉換為相應的延續性動詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達方式。例： leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold 。(b) 將句中表示 “ 段時間 的狀語改

14、為表示過去確定時間的狀語。(c) 用句型 It is+ 段時間 +since. 表達。(d) 用句型 時間 +has passed+since. 表達。 終止性動詞可用于現在完成時否認式中，成為可以延續的狀態，因而可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。He hasnt left here since 1986. I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 終止性動詞的否認式與 until/till 連用，構成 not+ 終止性動詞 +until/till . 的句型，意為 直到 才 。You cant leave here until I arrive. I

15、 will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.終止性動詞可以用于 when 引導的時間狀語從句中，但不可以用于 while 引導的時間狀語從句中。 When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. 終止性動詞完成時不可與 how long 連用 ( 只限于肯定式 ) 。誤： How long have you come here? 正： How long have y

16、ou been here?正： When did you come here? 現在完成時與一般過去時的區別 He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年參觀過桂林。 ( 只說明去桂林的時間 ) 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的事、存在的狀態或經常發生的動作。說話的側重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調對 現在 產生的影響。現在完成時與一般過去時的區別 Jill has bought a new computer. 吉爾買了一臺新電腦。 ( 著重點是現在有了一臺新電腦 ) 現在完成時表示動作發生在過去，對現在造成了影響或產生了結果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。現在完成

17、時與一般過去時的區別 Have you seen the film?-(A) Did you see the film?-(B)(A) 句強調的是被問者對劇情是否了解； (B) 句強調的是看這部電影的動作是否發生過，并 不強調是否知道其內容。你看過這部電影嗎？ 現在完成時與一般過去時的區別 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.-(A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.-(B)(A) 句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了 8 年，可能還會繼續在北京住下去。 (B) 句講的是他在北京住過 8 年，現在不在北京了。他在北京住了 8 年。1

18、. When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke, had forgotten B. spoke, have forgotten C. had spoken, had forgotten D. had spoken, have forgotten 穩固練習2. I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just

19、helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 穩固練習3.-_ the sports meet might be put off. - Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 穩固練習4. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 穩固練習5. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. hav