1、Chapter 1 Introduction 第一章 緒論principles of solid rocket motorsolid rocket motorsolid propellant rocket motorliquid propellant rocket enginehybrid propellant rocket engineramjetprimary propulsion main motorboostersustainercontrol motorpulse ignition motorrocket projectileartificial rainfall rocketbun

2、dled-style rocket boosterspacecraftMLRSspace shuttle vehicleextended range rocket-propelled grenadeextended range guided munitionguided projectileaeronautics and spacemissileconventional weaponcivil applicationHigh-Tech weapongroup targetair inlet central inletpropellantworking pressureworking fluid

3、combustion gassolid propellant grainigniterchambermotor casenozzleconical nozzlebell-shaped or contoured nozzledouble-arc nozzle固體火箭發動機原理固體火箭發動機固體推進劑火箭發動機液體推進劑火箭發動機混合推進劑火箭發動機沖壓發動機主推進系統主發動機助推器續航發動機控制發動機脈沖點火發動機火箭彈人工增雨火箭捆綁式火箭助推器飛船多管發射火箭系統航天飛機太空梭火箭增程榴彈增程制導彈藥制導炮彈航空航天導彈常規武器民用高技術武器集群目標進氣道中心進氣道推進劑工作壓強工作流體，工

4、質燃氣固體推進劑裝藥點火器燃燒室噴管錐形噴管鐘形噴管雙圓弧噴管TVC (thrust vector control)specific impulsethrustpower deviceprediction of propertyfueloxidizerthrust chambernozzleless motorfuzepayload (warhead)stabilization equipment (fin or turbo)static test-bedsensor expanding and speeding up of gasexhausting at supersonic veloci

5、tychemical energythermal energy of gaspotential energy of gaskinetic energy of gasrocket flightdirect reaction (counteracting) forceindirect reaction (counteracting) force推力矢量控制比沖推力動力裝置性能預示燃料氧化劑推力室無噴管發動機引信載荷戰斗部穩定裝置尾翼 或 蝸輪靜止試驗臺傳感器氣體的膨脹加速超聲速噴出化學能燃氣熱能燃氣勢能燃氣動能火箭飛行直接反作用力間接反作用力Chapter 24 Combustion 第二四章 燃

6、燒ingredient of solid rocket propellantrubbery or plastic-like mixturehomogeneous propellantheterogeneous propellantoxygen-poor propellantfuel-rich propellantDB propellantCMDB propellantcomposite propellantnew developing propellanthigh energy propellantmedium energy propellantlow energy propellantsmo

7、keless propellantminimum or reduced signature propellantGAP propellantNEPE propellantNCNGAPRDXHMXPSPVCPUPBHTPBCTPBadditiveplasticizercuring agentcatalyzer bindermetal fuelstorability propertycorrosion propertyhazard propertycast propellantextruded propellant 固體推進劑組元橡膠體或類塑料混合物均質推進劑異質推進劑貧氧推進劑富燃推進劑雙基推進

8、劑復合改性雙基推進劑復合推進劑新型推進劑高能推進劑中能推進劑低能推進劑無煙推進劑低特征信號推進劑GAP推進劑NEPE推進劑硝化棉硝化纖維素硝化甘油過氯酸銨高氯酸銨黑索今奧克托今聚硫橡膠聚氯乙烯聚氨酯聚丁二烯端羥基聚丁二烯端羧基聚丁二烯添加劑增塑劑固化劑催化劑粘合劑金屬添加劑金屬燃料貯存性腐蝕性危險性澆注推進劑壓伸推進劑case-bonded charge (case-bonded grain)free loading charge (cartridge-loaded grain)insulationlinerinhibitorrestrictorrestricted surfaceburnin

9、g surfacesliverweb thicknesstotal web thicknessweb fractionvolumetric loading fractionsection loading fraction (factor)grain configurationcylindrical (Tube) grainstar grainwagon wheel grainfinocyl grainend burning grainside burning grainside-end burning grainprogressive burning grainregressive burni

10、ng grainneutral burning grainone-dimensional graintwo-dimensional grainthree-dimensional grainflamecombustionsteady combustiondynamic combustiondiffusion combustionprefixed combustionbeehive-shaped burning surfaceFive-Stage-Combustion modelcombustion zonesolid zone (solid-phase-heating zone) foam zo

11、ne (condensed-phase-reaction zone)fizz zone (mixture-phase zone) dark zone flame zone貼壁澆注裝藥自由裝填裝藥絕熱層襯層包覆層阻燃層阻燃面包覆面燃燒面余藥肉厚總肉厚肉厚分數容積裝填分數系數裝填系數截面裝填分數裝藥結構柱形裝藥，管狀裝藥星孔裝藥輪孔裝藥翼柱形裝藥端面燃燒裝藥側面燃燒裝藥側端同燃裝藥增面燃燒裝藥減面燃燒裝藥等面燃燒裝藥一維燃燒裝藥二維燃燒裝藥三維燃燒裝藥火焰燃燒穩定燃燒動力燃燒擴散燃燒預混燃燒蜂窩狀燃燒外表五階段燃燒模型燃燒區域固相加熱區泡沫區凝聚相反響區嘶嘶區混合相區暗區火焰區endothermi

12、city, heat absorbingendothermic reactionexothermicity, heat release, heat liberationexothermic reactionburning pressureinitial flamesecondary flametemperature distributiontemperature gradientconcentration gradientinterface temperaturecombustion product, burning productspeciesspecies concentrationrev

13、erse heatfeedback heatcritical pressurecritical pressure of steady combustionGranular-Diffusion-Flame (GDF) modelMultiple-Flame (BDP) modeldiffusion flameprefixed flameAP flame DB flameAP/DB diffusion flamefuel-rich flameoxygen-rich flameoxidizer crystalparticle size (granularity)geometrical burning

14、 lawburning ratelinear burning ratemass burning rateinitial temperaturepositive or negative catalystlinear burning rate lawexponential burning rate lawSummerfield burning rate lawburning rate coefficientburning rate pressure exponentStandard International (SI) system of units吸熱吸熱反響放熱放熱反響燃燒壓強初始火焰二次火焰

15、溫度分布溫度梯度濃度梯度界面溫度燃燒產物組分組分濃度反向傳熱反響熱臨界壓強穩定燃燒的臨界壓強粒狀擴散火焰GDF模型多火焰BDP模型擴散火焰預混火焰AP火焰DB火焰AP/DB擴散火焰富燃火焰富氧火焰氧化劑晶粒粒度幾何燃燒定律燃速線性燃速質量燃速初溫正催化或負催化線性燃速定律指數燃速定律薩默菲爾德燃速定率燃速系數燃速壓強指數國際單位制sensitivity of burning rate to propellant temperature,or temperature sensitivity of burning ratetransient pressureacceleration loadspi

16、n acceleration loadplateau effect of burning rateplateau propellantplateau burning zonesuper rate burning zonemesa burning zoneerosive effecterosive function (erosive ratio)average erosive ratiopressure-time curvedimension effecterosive function expressionport gas parameterinitial port gas parameter

17、internal external port gas parameterexternal port gas parameterratio of inner and outer port gas parametererosion-discriminated criteriacriterion Jcriterion ratio of (nozzle) throat area to port arearatio of burning area to port areaerosive burning mechanismturbulent effectblowing effectignitionigni

18、tion process extinguishment, extinction, or flameouthigher reliabilitytime lagignition powderenvironment temperaturestart-up transient process (start-up transient segment)ascending segment (ascending process)equilibrium segmentdescending segment燃速的溫度敏感系數瞬變壓強加速度載荷旋轉加速度載荷燃速的平臺效應平臺推進劑平臺燃燒區超速燃燒區麥撒燃燒區侵蝕效應侵蝕函數侵蝕比平均侵蝕比壓強時間曲線尺寸效應侵蝕函數表達式侵蝕函數公式通氣參量初始通氣參量內通氣參量外通氣參量內外通氣參量之比侵蝕判別準那么J準那么準那么喉通比燃通比侵蝕燃燒機理湍流效應沖刷效應點火點火過程熄火高可靠性時間延遲點火藥末環境溫度啟動瞬變階段上升段平衡段下降段aft-effect (after-effect) segment, or cut-off segmenttai