1、小學(xué)英語輔導(dǎo)講義名詞復(fù)習(xí)名詞的分類一、可數(shù)名詞的特點:a.有單復(fù)數(shù)之分 b.能用 a, an,c.數(shù)詞來修飾d.復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式e.可用 few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither; these, those, each,every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of 等詞語修飾 二、可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本構(gòu)成規(guī)則：.大多數(shù)名詞是在詞尾加-sboys, toys, pens, books, mouths, months.以字母s, x,

2、ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches, etc.以o結(jié)尾，有（生命）的加-es,有的加-spotatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pianos, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos.輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾， 去 y, +ies factories, countries, ladies, cities, batteries 元音字母+y

3、結(jié)尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days plays, holidays, monkeys,keys. 以 f, fe 結(jié)尾，去 fe, +ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf leaves, life lives,wolf wolves wife wives half halves, thief thieves loafloaveshandkerchief handkerchiefs, handkerchieves三、可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則變化man men, woman women, policeman policemen, foot

4、 feet,tooth teeth, child children, mouse mice, goose geese 鵝 sheep sheep, deer deer; Chinese Chinese,Japanese Japanese, Swiss Swiss ox oxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans, means means 9四、名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)：.可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)：many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a fe

5、w, several, too many, both, neither, all, 數(shù)詞,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of. dozens of, scores of.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)：much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of.VI.關(guān)于名詞數(shù)的注意點：.名詞作定語通常用單數(shù)形式：a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag

6、但也有用復(fù)數(shù)的：sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room,talks table, the foreign languages department.有些名詞在某些習(xí)慣性用法中，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式:shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change seats 五、名詞所有格.有生命的+，sMarys, fathers, the boys books, anybody elses advice, ea

7、ch others mistakes,.詞尾是-s或-es的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加，the teachers office, the workers7 tools, twenty minutes7 walk.詞尾沒有-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則加夕來表示。Childrens Day, Womens Day, the peoples needs47s也可用于時間，距離，天體，國名，地名a two-hour ride, in two weeks time, todays newspaper; two hours ride, twenty minutes walk5.如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在最后一個名詞的詞尾加氣

8、.This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom.如果不共有，則兩個名詞后面都加These are Bills and Toms bikes.代詞復(fù)習(xí)1、人稱代詞 (1), 人稱代詞的分類人稱代詞分為主格和賓格兩種形式。人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱1meweUS第二人稱9youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheriteit(2)人稱代詞的用法：主格人稱代詞在句中作主語。She is as intelligent as he (is).她像他一樣聰明。We all like English very much.我們都很喜歡英語。I like mu

9、sic.我我喜歡音樂。A賓格人稱代詞在句中作動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。We often go to see her on Saturdays.我們常在星期六去看她。即景活用：Miss Lin teaches English this term.-You are lucky .is a very good teacher.She ; He ,She D. ours; He答案:C點撥:本題考查人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法區(qū)別。第一個空在動詞 teaches后作賓語，故用賓格;第二個空在句中作主語，故用主格，且性別上應(yīng) 與Miss Lin相對應(yīng)。(2008匕京)m going skating. Woul

10、d you like to go with .I C. my D. mine 答案:A點撥:with是介詞，介詞后的代飼用賓格形式，作介詞的賓語。2,物主代詞物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。翦義我的你的他的/她的/它的我們的%你們的他們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourHis/her/itsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyoursHis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs(1) )形容詞性的:物主代詞具有形容詞的的特征，后面接名詞。Our school is not far from here.我們的學(xué)校肉這兒不遠(yuǎn)。My father and mothe

11、r are teachers. They like their work.（2）名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中可以作主語，表語或賓語。This is not my pen. Mine is red.這不是我的鋼筆。我的是紅色的。I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours.我的詞典丟了。請把你的借我用一下。Do you know Alice一 Yes. I know very well.A. she B. her C. hersel f D. hers動詞時態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)動詞的定義和分類一、定義動詞主要是用來表示動作、狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)，而動作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)

12、生有具體時間和表現(xiàn)形式，這就是英語中動詞的時態(tài)。時態(tài)簡單地理解就是時（時間）態(tài)（動詞表現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，另外就是動詞的形態(tài)二、動詞的基本形態(tài)（或形式）：動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)，過去式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞動詞的分類動詞實義動詞及物動詞賓語雙賓語復(fù)合賓語不及物動詞系動詞be, seem, sound, turn, become 等+表語助動詞be+doing+donehavedonebeen +doingdo, does, didWill, shall, would, should + 動詞原形情態(tài)動詞may, can, must, might, could 等動詞時態(tài)時態(tài)用法例句表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作

13、He goes to school by bike every day. 他每天騎自行車上學(xué)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)特征The pen is in the bag.鋼筆在書包里。一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀真理The earth moves around the sun.地球 圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。表示將來（在時間，條件狀語 從句中；在時刻表等計劃中）|1 will call you as soon as 1 get there.我 一到達(dá)那里就給你電話。The plane takes off at nine.飛機(jī)九點 起飛。一般過去時表示在過去某時間發(fā)生的事，存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作He worked in a f

14、actory in 1986.1986年他在一家工廠工作。一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)They will appear later.他們稍晚會露面。It is going to rain.天要下雨了。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作We are having an English lesson now.我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語課。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作Im reviewing English these days.近來我在復(fù)習(xí)英語。表示贊揚(yáng)，厭煩等感情色彩（與always, continually 等連用）She is always helping people.她總是樂于助人。

15、（贊揚(yáng)）表示預(yù)計將要發(fā)生的動作（常代表將來時間的狀語）We are leaving on Friday.我們星期五出發(fā)。時態(tài)分述(一)一般現(xiàn)在時的用法一般現(xiàn)在時.定義:表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).He goes to school on foot.He is seven years old.light travels faster than the sound.謂語動詞的形式：1第一,二人稱，復(fù)數(shù)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)動詞(如work)動詞用原形(work)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)(works)否定 dont work提問：Do.work%否定:(doesntwork)提 問

16、：Does.workbeare主語是1用am* IS否定(are / amnot)提問(Are/Am.)否定：is not主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞變化的形式和方法與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法基本一樣：(1)在動詞原形后加-s,如：works, runs, likes(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 或-o 結(jié)尾的動詞, 加-es, 如：teaches, goes, does, washes(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變i再加-es,： studies, flies, carries.(4)不規(guī)則變化，如：have -has; be- is2)標(biāo)志詞：如果句中有 always, some

17、times, often, usually, every day 等時間詞時，這個句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如:He goes to school every day.He is often late for school.The earth moves around the sun.3用法：1） rz，表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動作，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用，often,always, usually, never 等。I go to work on foot every day.我每天走路去上班。（每天都一樣）3）表示興趣，愛好，所屬關(guān)系等。She likes dancing.她喜歡跳舞。（

18、興趣愛好）I have a football.我有一個足球。（所屬關(guān)系）4）標(biāo)識性質(zhì)，特征，（包括外貌，年齡，高矮，來歷等），處所等。She is 12 years old.她 12 歲。（年齡）The hospital is next to our school.醫(yī)院在我們學(xué)校旁邊。（處所）,標(biāo)識客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實，格言或警句。The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中國的東部。Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。I .用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

19、He often （have） dinner at home.Daniel and Tommy （be） members of the Reading Club.She and I （take） a walk together every evening.There (be) some water in the bottle.We (not watch) TV on weekdays.Nick (not do) his homework on Sundays. they (like) the World CupWhat they usually (do) on holidays your pa

20、rents (read) newspapers every dayThe girl (teach) us English on Sundays.H.按照要求改寫句子。IDaniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)Daniel TV every evening.I do my homework every day .(改為一般疑問句并作否定回答)you homework every dayNo,She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)she milkYes, she L二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。Where (be) John and Ja

21、ck fromHis favorite subjects (be). and music.His pen pal (live) in Toronto. he (have) any sistersBen can (speak) English and Spanish.Her brother (not play) sports every day, he only (watch) them on TV.My patents want (go) shopping on Sunday.She likes (play) computer games.(二)一般過去時的用法1)表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事、存在

22、的狀態(tài)或過反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. c. He was a student in 2000.構(gòu)成： 用動詞的過去式。作謂語的行為動詞的詞尾變化如下：1)、 規(guī)則動詞的變化(一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾去y變i + ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫詞尾字母+ed2)、不規(guī)則動詞變化，需要記憶。主語肯定式否定式疑問式第1 was a student.1 was not a student.Were you a student.、二人We

23、/You/ They wereWe/You/ They were notWere you/ theystudents.students.students稱和He/ She was aHe/ She was not a第三student.student.Was he/ she a人稱student1 / You/ They/ liked1 / We/ You/ They/復(fù)數(shù)music.Did you/ they like mdidnt like music.usic以及Many people liked m名詞usic.Many people didnt like music.Did many

24、 people like music復(fù)數(shù)2)標(biāo)志性的詞：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998Just now 等,I例如：I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看見他了。(2)Li Mei always went to school on foot last year.去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。練習(xí)一：用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空. He ate some bread and(drink) some milk.he(finish) his homework last night(be) tired yesterd

25、ay.(gain ) Arts degree last year.What you(do) at eight oclock last nightMy grandfather(leave) Hongkong for New York in 1998.What you(do) this time yesterday練習(xí)二：單選()1.you at six oclock yesterdayA. Do , get up B. Did, get up C. Do, got up D. Did, got up()2. What did you seeA. now B. every day C. since

26、 1990 D. just now()3. He went into the room and the door.A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked()4. -What you last week - I bought a bag.A. did ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought()5一 he his lunch - Yes, he did.A. Have, had B. Had, has C. Did, have D. Did, had(三)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(1)定義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時間正

27、在進(jìn)行的動作。可以 表示有計劃的未來，也就是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來。(2)構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成是:主語+be+ (現(xiàn)在分詞)形式第一人稱單數(shù) l+am+doing+sth.第一人稱復(fù)數(shù) We+are+doing +sth.第二人稱單(復(fù))數(shù) You+are+doing+sth.第三人稱單數(shù) He (She, it) +is+doing+sth.第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) They+are+doing +sth.肯定句:主語+be (is/am/are) +現(xiàn)在分詞否定句：主語+be (is/am/are) +not+現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問句:be (is/am/are) +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞(3)現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則.直

28、接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping).去掉不發(fā)音的 e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting).重讀閉音節(jié)，且末尾只有1個輔音字母，雙寫輔音字母+ing(例：si t+t+ing sitting)(4)基本用法:A表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。例：We are waiting for you. He is reading. They are talking no w.B.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進(jìn) 行。例：Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)例：She

29、 is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。.They are workin g these days.D.與always, constantly, forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或 持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例：You are alwayschanging your mind.【實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)講解和分析:】一、把下列詞匯變成ing形式s ing play st udy have write take_ sit shop swim二、用詞語的恰當(dāng)形式填空What are you(do) now I(

30、eat) bread.Its nine oclock. My father(work) in the office.Look, the boy(put) the rubbish into the bin.he(clean) the classroom No, he isnt. He(play)-Where is Mark He(run) on the grass.Listen, who(sing) in the music room Oh, Mary(sing) there.She(go) to school at eight oclock.Its six oclock. They are supper. (eat)He usually up at 17:00.(