1、 word專題檢測卷(十六)閱讀理解(建議用時: 25 分鐘)A性格和行為體裁議論文話題詞數369的成因(2013濰坊模擬)People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Its noteasy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative andanother is competitive.Social scientists are, of

2、course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explainwhy we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the twoapproaches are very differen

3、t from each other, and there is a great deal of debatebetweenproponentsof each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs.nurture.Those who support the“natureside of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviorpatterns are largely determined by biological and gen

4、etic factors. That our environment has little, ifanything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to anextreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree thatwe are almost completely governed by our instincts(本

5、能).Proponents of the“nurturetheory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that ourenvironment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by theirsurroundings. Their vi

6、ew of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli(something that helps sb. /sth. to develop better andmore quickly)as the basis of their behavior.The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the Uni

7、ted States, forexample, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leadssome“natureproponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists,in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed ofmany of

8、 the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as aresult, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the keyto our behavior lies somewhere between these two

9、extremes. That the argument will continue for along time is certain.1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problemA. why our personalities and behaviors differ.B. what makes different stages of intelligenceC. how social scientists form different theoriesD. what causes the“nature/nurture

10、argument2. The underlined word“proponentscan best be replaced by.- 1 - / 5 C. principles D. characters3. Which of the following statements may be supported by the“natureschool?A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.C. Abilities

11、 and characteristics are showed by behaviors.D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?5. The“naturetheorists believe that the blackslow scoresA. are the result of the educational disadvantagesB. are a display of the blackspoor intelligenceC. h

12、ave nothing to do with their true intelligenceD. have nothing to do with factors other than heredityB.體裁議論文話題291What you can do is give him a chance to join a group that may be shutting him out. Then, if he hasgood qualities, he can start to build a real friendship of his own.D. pretend to get hurt

13、very much- 2 - / 5 .A. Children dont care otherscomments on them.B. Its only teacherswork to make children popular.C. Parents should take their children out for picnics and shows more often.D. Inviting childrens friends to family activities is good for them to make friends.10. The text is mainly abo

14、ut.應用文話題職場“分手禮儀360Use it or lose it.Make an appointment.Be formal and make an appointment with your boss. Prepare what you want to say. Be direct andbe transparent. After the discussion, put your resignation in a hardcopy letter that includes your lastday and any transitional help youve offered. Kee

15、p a copy. Two weeks advance notice is stillstandard but experts recommend offering more time if youve worked at the company for morethan five years. You also need to be prepared to leave right away some companies require it.Scrub your digital footprint.- 3 - / 5 wordClear your browser cache, remove

16、passwords to Web sites you use from work, such as yourpersonal email or online bank account and delete any personal files on your work computer thatarent relevant to work. Dont delete anything work related if youre required to keep it.Stay close.Consider joining an employee alumni association, which

17、 often serves as a networking group forformer employees. It can be a good way to keep up with changes in the company and industry andfind leads to new jobs down the road. Keep in touch with coworkers you worked closely with; theymay end up in management roles.11. Whats the main idea of the passage?A

18、. How to hunt for a job.B. Some tips on how to resign on good terms.C. Some ways of making an appointment with your boss.D. How to keep in touch with your colleagues.12. What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?A. You dont want to continue to work here.B. You dont want to be fined.C. Yo

19、u want to take a vacation.D. You want to leave room for necessity.13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You can resign without hesitation if you dont like your job.B. You should ignore your boss when presenting your resignation.C. Youd better keep in touch with your coworker

20、s after resignation.D. You must delete anything in the computer you once used when you resign.14. You should notice the companythan five years.in advance if you have worked in the company for moreA. more than two weeksB. less than two weeksC. only two weeksD. only one moment15. How many ways of resi

21、gning are mentioned in the passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.【拓展訓練】閱讀 C 篇, 寫出文中出現的以下短語。1. 對有長期的影響2. 和約定3. 網上銀行賬戶4. 跟上; 趕上5. 與保持聯系答案解析_A【文章大意】本文主要講了性格和行為的成因。1.【解析】選 A。主旨大意題。首段首句指出作者要討論的問題, 第二段開始從兩個方面解釋該問題, 末段是總結段, 由此看來, 首段首句和末段首句提到的人類行為是本文的中心內容 ,因此答案為 A。- 4 - / 5 word2.【解析】選B。詞義猜測題。根據文章內容, 我們可以

22、判斷 proponent 應指人, 指這兩種理論的支持者, 只有 advocates“擁護者符合這種推測, 應當選 B。3.【解析】選 A。細節理解題。第三段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的 governed by our instincts都明確“天性論派會認同 A 項的看法, 應當選 A。4.【解析】選 C。細節理解題。此題實際上考查對第四段末句的正確理解。原文該句中的 likemachines, humans respond. . . 明確作者并非單純把人類比作機器, 而是把人類對環境的反響與機械對環境

23、的反響做比照, 由此可見, C 為正確的理解。5.【解析】選 D。細節理解題。將 D 選項與第三段結合起來, 可以確定 D 為此題答案, 只有 D項才符合“天性論派對性格與行為形成的看法。B【文章大意】本文主要介紹了父母和教師怎樣幫助一個不酷的孩子交到朋友。6.【解析】選 B。細節理解題。根據第一段第二句可知, 當一個孩子被告知他不酷的時候, 他可能會說他不在乎甚至會故意做出不酷的行為來。7.【解析】選 D。細節理解題。根據第三段第二句 The teacher can arrange things so that he haschances to use his abilities to contribute to class projects. 教師可以安排一些事情, 這樣他有機會運用他的能力為班級做貢獻。8.【解析】選 B。細節理解題。根據第四段第二句 Be friendly when your child brings others hometo play. 當孩子帶其他同學回家玩的時候, 父母一定要友好。9.【解析】選 D。細節理解題。根據第四段最后一句可知家長邀請孩子的好友來聚會有助于孩子交友。10.【解析】選 A。主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了