1、冠詞重點學(xué)問歸納及講解（一）概說1冠詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立擔(dān)任一個成分,只能附著在一個名詞上,幫忙說明其詞義；英語中有兩個冠詞：1）定冠詞 the 2）不定冠詞 a/an 定冠詞 the 通常讀作 ,在元音前讀作 i ,特殊強調(diào)或單念時讀作 i: ；不定冠詞在元音音素開頭的單詞前用 an 這個形式,讀作 n ；在其他情形下就使用 a,讀作 ；2冠詞的基本意義不定冠詞 a/an與數(shù)詞 one 同源,表示 “一個 ”的意思,用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前；例如： She is a nurse. 她是個護士；He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英國人,有一個

2、愛爾蘭妻子；定冠詞 the,與 this 同源,有 “這（那）個 ”的意思,但比較弱,表示一（幾）個特定的人或東西,有時可譯作 “這個（些） ”或“那個（些） ”；例如： Thats the book you want. 這就是你要的那本書；Whos the young man over there. 那邊那個年輕人是誰？但在許多情形下, “這”或“那”這類詞在譯文中并不顯現(xiàn)；例如： Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上；Shut the door, please. 請把門關(guān)上；3特指和泛指一般來說,名詞有特指和泛指兩種情形,請比較下面的句子：A gentleman is a

3、sking to see you. 有位先生要求見你；（泛指）Ask the gentleman to come in. 請那位先生進來；（特指）在特指時一般前面要加定冠詞,而泛指時就有三種情形：1）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞；2）在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前可不加冠詞,可使用例如： She sent me a postcard 她寄給我一張明信片；some, any這類詞；例如：These are new words. 這些是生詞；She sent me some flowers. 她送給我一些花；3）在不行數(shù)名詞前多不加什么,有時也可加 some, any等；例如： It s lovely weath

4、er. 天氣真好；Do you want any sugar in your tea. 你茶里要放點糖嗎？Give us some help. 給我們一些幫忙；（二）不定冠詞的基本用法1泛指某一類人或事物中的一個,代表某一類別（不肯定譯為“一”）例如： His father is a doctor. 他父親是醫(yī)生；2代表某一類人或事物,相當(dāng)于any（+名詞）（不必譯為 “一”,但必需用 a,表示類別）例如： A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物；3指某人或某物（不是指某一類）,但不詳細說明何人或何物（一般譯為“一”）例如： This book was writ

5、ten by a worker. 這本書是一位工人寫的；4表示數(shù)量,有 “一” 的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒有 例如： Wait a moment. 等一下；5表示單位,相當(dāng)于 “每”的意思one 劇烈（一般譯為 “一”）例如： We have three meals a day. 我們每日吃三餐；6用于某此固定詞組中 例如： a few, a little, a bit of, a lot of等；（三）定冠詞的基本用法 1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 例如： Give me the book. 把那本書給我；2指談話雙方都知道的人或事物 例如： Where is the doctor. 醫(yī)生在哪兒

6、？3再次提到上文提到過的人或事物 例如： I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我買了一本詞典； 詞典在家里；4用在大家所熟識的、世界上獨一無二的事物 例如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大,但比太陽小；5用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前 例如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一節(jié)課；Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to

7、 the earth. 在全部的恒星中,太陽離地球最近；6用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示某一類人或事物 例如： The horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物；7與以下專出名詞連用 1）在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前例如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake 2）在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,表示夫婦二人或全家人 例如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁；8和某些形容詞連用,表示一類人 例如： the old 老人 the young 年輕人 the r

8、ich 富人 the poor 窮人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人9在一些習(xí)慣說法中the east west, south, north in the morning afternoon, evening on the left right in the end go to the cinema （四）不用冠詞的幾種情形1在專出名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前例如： Have you ever been to Shanghai. 你到過上海嗎？2在表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 例如： Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以當(dāng)科學(xué)家；3在季節(jié)、月份、星期、一日

9、三餐的名稱前We love science. 我們愛好科學(xué)；例如： It is hot in summer. 夏每天氣熱；Have you had breakfast. 你吃過早飯沒有？It s Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今日是八月二十二日,星期三；4稱呼語或表示頭銜,職務(wù)的名詞前例如： Whats the matter with you, Mike. 怎么啦,邁克？們學(xué)校的校長；5學(xué)科和球類運動的名稱前He is headmaster of our school. 他是我例如： We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語；Do you like to play

10、 football. 你喜愛踢足球嗎？6名詞前已有用作定語的 this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代詞時,不用冠詞例如： That is her bike； 那是她的自行車Each student in his class studies hard. 這個班的每個同學(xué)都努力學(xué)習(xí)；7在某些固定詞組的名詞前例如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等；三、隨堂監(jiān)測 A 組I

11、. 在以下句子的空格中填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~,不需要的地方用“ / ”表示：1. This is _ old map. It is _ useful map. 2. We have no classes in _ afternoon on _ Saturday. 3. _ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _second. 4. Beijing is _ capital of _ China. It is _ beautiful city. 5. Roman was not built in _ day. 6. Chinese is quite _

12、difficult language for Mike. 7. Many _ students will take _ active part in sports meet. 8. There is _ interesting picture on _ wall. 9. Jenny found _ wallet lying on _ground. _ wallet was Mr. Blacks. 10. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth. 11. - Which picture is more beautiful. - _one on

13、_ left, I think. 12. - Which is _ way to _ hospital. - Go down this road and turn left on _ second crossing. 13. _ more, _ better. 14. _ Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 15. Joe Hill was _ fighter for _ working class. 16. When was _ Peoples Republic of China founded. 17. In China _ first Engl

14、ish textbooks were published in _late nineteenth century. 18. After _ breakfast he went to _ school on _ foot. 19. _ Huanghe River lies in _ north of China. 20. He likes playing _ football. His sister likes playing _ piano. II. 單項挑選：1. 上學(xué)A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school 2. 住院A,

15、in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital 3. 此刻A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment 4. 在課堂上A. in class B. in a class C. in the class 5. 在地球上A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth 6. 步行A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet 7. 吃飯A. at a table B. at the table C. at table 8. 乘公共汽車 A. ta

16、ke bus B. by bus C. by the bus 9. 在家A. at the home B. at a home C. at home 10. 在工作A. at work B. at the work C. at works 11. 跳高A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump 12. 坐飛機A. by air B. by the air C. on air13. 乘火車A. by the train B. by train C. on train 14. 在校學(xué)習(xí)A. in the school B. in school C. in

17、schools 15. 睡覺A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed 16. 感冒A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold 17. 乘船A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship 18. 玩得爽快 A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times 19. 事實上A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact 21. 從早到晚 A. from morning to the eveni

18、ng B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening 四、隨堂監(jiān)測 B 組III. 挑選填空：1. There is _ old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an 2. Shanghai is in _ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a 3. Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, / 4. Th

19、e museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, / 5. The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 6. Lets go for _ walk, shall weC. the D. / A. a B. an 7. This is _ interesting story

20、-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 8. _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school. A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the 9. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the 10. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. a

21、n C. the D. / 11. Don t play _ basketball here. Its dangerous. A. a B. an C. / D. the 12. This is _ apple. Its _ big apple. A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the 13. - Have you seen _ bag. I left it here just now. - Is it _ one on the chair near the door. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 14.

22、 I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some 15. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An 16. Have you had _ breakfast. A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any 18. After _ supper, he stay

23、ed at home and played _ violin. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, / 19. There is _ apple on the plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. He said that he got _ “ C” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. / 21. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an 22. English is _ useful language in _ world. A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an 23. In the word “ cariage” _ “ r ” is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. / 24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard a