1、上海中考首字母填空解題思路一、首字母填空兩大類題型： 1. 考查中考考綱中固定詞組和固定句型在文章中的應用；2. 考查學生通過上下文關鍵信息判斷填詞的能力。二、首字母填空提升關鍵：1. 熟練掌握中考考綱詞組及句型，并在平時做閱讀時多積累固定句型；2. 多進行課外閱讀，拓展知識面；3. 常考首字母詞匯及錯題整理與復習：針對兩種不同類型的首字母填空錯題進行整理與復習；熟悉常考首字母詞匯；4. 掌握必要的解題方法。三、首字母填空解題方法： 1. 學會判斷詞性a. 名詞的常見搭配作主語 Swimming is my favorite sport.作動詞賓語 Please give me a hand.

2、 /Break a leg.作定語 swimming pool, a diamond necklace, sports meeting作介詞賓語 Im really into comic books.作賓語補足語 make our world a better place, keep it a secret作同位語 Mr. Smith, my English teacher is from Australia.b. 代詞的常見搭配作主語 Nobody is imperfect. /Nothing is impossible.作動詞賓語 Can you do me a favor?作定語 Its

3、 my pleasure.作介詞賓語 look after myself作同位語 Edison invented the light bulb himself. = Edison himself invented the light bulb. I want to visit the Space Museum myself.c. 動詞的常見搭配名詞/代詞 + 實義動詞 + 名詞/代詞 I love China.實義動詞 + 動名詞 practice speaking English, admit stealing不及物動詞 + 副詞 listen carefully, dive deep un

4、derwater不定式 To save enough money is necessary.動詞 + 介詞 + 名詞 go through the park, travel around the world動詞 + 名詞 + 介詞 take hold of, catch sight ofBe + 動詞過去分詞 Please be seated. The Beijing Winter Olympics will be held soon.d. 形容詞的常見搭配形容詞 + 名詞 beautiful pictures系動詞 + （程度副詞）形容詞 keep healthy, Be quiet, co

5、me true形容詞 + 介詞 + 名詞/動名詞 be afraid of, be worried aboutKeep/make/leave/find + sth. + 形容詞 keep the room clean, make our world better不定代詞 + 形容詞 something important, someone new數詞 + 單位詞 + 形容詞 two meters wide, one hundred metres long形容詞 + 動名詞 be worth doing, be busy doing形容詞 + 賓語從句 Im afraid that I cant

6、 go with you. Im sure youre right.Im happy/pleased/glad e. 副詞的常見搭配系動詞 + 程度副詞 + 形容詞 be extremely happy, especially common實義動詞 + 程度副詞 + 副詞 drive very carefully, work so hard方式/轉折/頻率/表順序副詞, （句首用逗號隔開） Luckily, Unfortunately, Suddenly, Obviously, However, Instead, Sometimes, firstly地點副詞/時間副詞放句末 there, he

7、re, today, yesterday, tomorrow, lately, recently, before名詞/代詞 + 頻率副詞 + 實義動詞 sometimes, never, seldom, rarely, always助動詞 + 時間副詞 + 實義動詞 already, just, ever, neverBe + 程度副詞 + 動詞過去分詞 be completely destroyed, be widely spread around the globe連接副詞/關系副詞 why, when, where, how位置非常靈活的副詞：still, almost, Spring

8、Festival is still a week away. I still dont understand why youre here. The movie is almost over. He almost never attends parties. Almost no one wants to talk to him.f. 介詞的常見搭配動詞 + 介詞 + 名詞/代詞 live with my parents, go to Beijing, arrive in London形容詞 + 介詞 + 名詞/代詞 be afraid of spiders, be kind/friendly

9、to others名詞 + 介詞 + 名詞/代詞 a friend of mine, the capital of China介詞 + 名詞/代詞 in the beginning, at the airport2. 學會通過邏輯關系詞推測：a. 上下句中有轉折關系詞，如：“but, however, while, though, although, unlike, instead”, 則上下句中出現前后相反的事實。可嘗試找反義的單詞，詞組, 或利用反義推測可填單詞。e.g. 1. Many people think of bullying（欺凌）as one child pushing or

10、 hitting another. However, bullying is not only p_81 _. Words also hurt people badly.e.g. 2. I had e_82_ a shiny building but what I saw was a broken ancient door.e.g. 3. These were o _83 _ the favorite activities of most teens. But now iGen teens are taking part in these social activities at a lowe

11、r rate than others.e.g. 4. The important mail goes straight to my inbox (信箱), while l_85_ important mail is put into other categories.e.g. 5. It seems that when children play a game, they i _87 a situation under their control. Unlike real life, in this situation they make the rules themselves, and m

12、ore importantly, everyone plays according to the rules.b. 上下句中有因果關系詞，如：“so, because, as, therefore, thus”, 則上下句為因果關系，即“前因后果”或“前果后因”。可嘗試利用因果關系推測可填單詞。同時需要注意不定式表示目的的情況。e.g. 1. Social networking sites become more and more popular every day, and they are popular all around the world. Why has the social n

13、etworking s_83_ to different users so quickly?e.g. 2. As they wanted the diamonds without any delay, and thought that the p_82_ of the jeweler was only to increase the price of the diamonds, the Arabs offered him twice, then three times as much as they were worth.e.g. 3. Zhou said the Internet and o

14、ther forms of media give children ways to get information b _85 _ from asking older generations. Therefore, in the age of information, its possible that children know more than their parents do.e.g. 4. Reading English newspaper makes us knowledgeable. It can not only help us know what is happening i

15、n the world but also improve our language. Thus you can make your English learning s_87_.e.g. 5. Just make sure you double-check if you are translating longer texts, as the software does make some very humorous m_84_!c. 利用舉例推測可填單詞，注意上下句中表舉例的單詞或詞組，如：“for example, such as, like, including/include”。可嘗試

16、下句中找同義詞組或句型，或表示解釋說明的詞組或句型。e.g. 1. They spend so much time on the internet, texting friends and on social media, an average of about six hours per day, so they have less free time for everything else. That i _82 _ going to parties, shopping at the mall or watching movies with their friends.e.g. 2. Th

17、e truth is, just like your body, you can also improve your mind. Ive found I can improve my memory by i_84_ what I need to remember. For example, if Im going shopping and I need bread, milk and a birthday card for my brother, I form pictures of a loaf of bread, a carton of milk with a cow on the fro

18、nt and a birthday card with a football on it.e.g. 3. Popcorn was very popular in the United States from the late 19th century through the middle of the 20th century. It was a _83_ in parks, from street vendors(攤販), and near the theaters.d. 利用并列或選擇連詞推測可填單詞，如：“and, or, as well as, either or, neither n

19、or ”。并列連詞前后應為同一詞性并為同一類型的詞，選擇連詞前后可能為同一詞性并為同一類型的詞，或同一詞性但為同一類型的反義詞。e.g. 1. Isnt that what happens in life when we compete with others, trying to outdo them or trying to show that we are more s_60_ or more important? We think it is an exciting moment, so we spend our time and e_61_ running after them an

20、d miss out on our own paths.e.g. 2. I started to notice big differences in teens b _81 _ and attitudes in the yearly survey of 11 million young people.3. 熟悉首字母填空中常考詞匯：a. 首字母填空中常考的代詞：A: anyone anything E: eitherN: nothing nobody ones H: himself herself hers O: Ourselves others M: mine myself S: somet

21、hing self T: These/They themselves theirsb. 首字母填空中常考的名詞：A: address actress(actor) accident amount arrangement area/attraction Army arm(s) attention advantageB: building business behaviorC: country culture class customers chance colour college company change effort confidenceD: diseases dream days di

22、fference diet decisionE: exercise experience example end F: film future friendship flat G: game grades H: habit housework happiness hobbies homes/houses history hole hopes heart headlineI: information idea importance itemJ: journey job L: lesson list living life luck length language M: moments (mome

23、nt) minutes money messages mistakes messN: name number neighbourhood O: owner P: pain part problems people persons performance pity R: radio rest responsibility right rule reasons S: smile saying secret surprise side skills sign subjects symbol situation solutions spaceT: teens/teenagers trouble tho

24、usands types truthW: writer way words c. 首字母填空中常考的動詞：A: add act allowed ask answer attract appeared arrived advised accept attack achieveB: begin bring become build buy bought blow C: call catch come correct collect closed care completed cleaning changed confuses choose complain cause caught coverD:

25、 disappeared deal decided discovered depend drive E: earn enjoying encourages exchange end examined explainedF: fall finds follow failed followed fly flew finish falling feel forget forgot forgotten G: give grow up graduate H: help hurried happen hide hate hit happened hold I: including invented imp

26、roved introduced invited imaginingJ: judge jump join K: known knocked kept L: leave locked love like learned live leading lie lose M: means makes made mind manage move N: named need nod noticedO: offered opened operate be owned by P: proved played protect planned pay produce paid promise put pull pu

27、sh R: refused relax read receive realize repair remember repeat remove raise rise S: searched spend stopped shout sleep seem share showed Suppose spread sell suffered start stepped saved(saving) swim smell stop smile spend succeed started solveT: think try talks turning take throw away trouble U: us

28、ed understandV: visit vote W: works want written walking worry warn wake waiting A: able any angry another active asleep alone abroad amazing availableB: beautiful best black blue broken better C: closer certain common cheap confident cold careful crazy curious D: daily different difficult E: easy e

29、xcited(exciting) enjoyable every empty enough especial each every F: free fair few first full favourite frightened G: greater good H: heavy happy highest hungry healthy honest hard homeless I: interested(interesting) important impossible K: kind known keen L: less little long(longer) lower large lat

30、e M: many/most modern much N: nice noisy/noisier natural/necessary new O: own other oiledP: personal prefect prettier pleased possible popular public poor physicalR: right reasonable real rude recent S: safe sorry same special small sick safe sick slow straight simpleT: two tired traditional these/t

31、hree thicker thankful top U: upset useful (un) usual V: various W: wrong wonderful wise warm worried worse worth weakY: young d. 首字母填空中常考的形容詞：e. 首字母填空中常考的副詞：A: along around always almost also actually again anywhere aloneB: backC: completely carefully/closely D: down directlyE: exactly especially ea

32、sily even ever else early enoughF: finally further H: hardly how hard howeverI: inside instead indeed L: luckily later lonely N: never nearlyO: only off outside P: probably Perhaps properly Q: quietly / quicklyR: really rather recentlyS: still Slowly seriously sometimes soon seldom safely simply Sof

33、tly suddenlyT: terribly then togetherU: usually W: when well where why widelyY: Yet f. 首字母填空中常考的介詞：A: about against above around among along afterB: between Besides behind underD: DuringE: exceptF: from I: includingL: likeO: over oppositeU: unlikeW: with without【鞏固練習】1. The sinking of the Titanic is

34、 well known to most people. There was (81) a_ awful sinking, but it is unknown to many of the people. It was the sinking of the Lusitania(盧西塔尼亞號). It was one of the biggest and most luxurious ocean liners of its time, but it sank in 1915. After World War I broke out in 1914, ocean voyages (航行) becam

35、e very dangerous. The German embassy(大使館) in Washington (82) w_ travelers about the dangers of ocean voyages. However, Lusitania left New York for Liverpool anyway. There were 1,959 people on board. The Lusitania sailed (83) w_ any trouble for the first five days. On May 7, 1915, the Lusitania was (

36、84) w_ to travel fast and make zigzagging （曲折） movements because of enemys submarines(潛艇). However, because of heavy fog, the captain of the ship reduced its speed and traveled in (85) s_ line. This made the ship an easy target. A German submarine fired at the Lusitania, and there was a big explosio

37、n (爆炸). Right after the first one, there was second explosion. The ship sank in about 18 minutes. Over one thousand passengers died because of this disaster.The (86) c_ of the second explosion is still a mystery (謎). Divers found large amounts of bullets, shells, gold, and cash in the ships cargo. B

38、ut why would an ocean liner carry these (87) i_? The answer is yet to be explained.（2019寶山二模）2. Every year, thousands of people search in the Rocky Mountains in the US for hidden treasure (財寶) worth $2 million. The treasure was hidden secretly by an artist, Forrest, in 2010. He was 80 when he made the trip into the Rocky Mountains by car and then on foot. There are several clues (線索) about the treasure. But the m _81