1、 2022年清華大學自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守衛地盤的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share wi

2、th animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. But, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violen

3、ce can not be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious tra

4、ditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that _. A、it threatens the existing social systems B、it is influen

5、ced by society C、it has roots in religious conflicts D、it is directed against institutions of law【正確答案】B【答案解析】本段指出了人類暴力的兩個特性，其中第二個特性是“a learned behavior”?？梢灾辣绢}的答案應該就在本段的后面部分。接下來的第二句話即說人類暴力的諸多表現形式都受社會習慣的制約：The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give

6、shape to aggressive behavior，將其定型為侵略性行為。第2題【單選題】【完成句子】Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its Value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed m

7、arkedly in their ability to learn complex tasks，then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obviousIntelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age

8、; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary educationIt was once believed _, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence. A、born to be more intelligent or less intellige

9、nt B、taught to be more intelligent C、that intelligence was something a baby was born with D、and because of the lack of communication with his classmates【正確答案】C【答案解析】空格處需要真正的主語（It是形式主語），因此根據語法結構判斷C 是答案。該句大意是“人們曾經一度相信，智力是一個孩子天生所具有的，因為我們可以根據他/她的智力水平判斷他/她在將來是否會取得成功。第3題【單選題】【2008.10】Never before _ so rap

10、idly developing as it is today. A、has our country been B、has been our country C、our country has been D、our country been has【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查語法?！咀g文】我們國家從未像現在這樣高速發展。【詳細解答】否定詞never在句首，該句子應采用部分倒裝。第4題【單選題】【2008.10】It is strongly held that new _ must be introduced to protect the right of the immigrants. A

11、、statistics B、constructions C、measures D、concessions【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查名詞詞義區分。【譯文】強烈支持采取新措施維護移民的權力。【詳細解答】A 統計學 B 建設 C 措施，辦法 D 讓步，特許權第5題【單選題】【2007.04】Jenny complained that the hospital _ her too much for the treatment. A、expended B、paid C、cost D、charged【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。charge：要價；索價；要人支付；收費。例如：The

12、fruit seller charged me too much money.這個水果商要了我很多的錢。 第6題【單選題】I know its a _, his wife said coldly. A、surprise B、welcome C、mess D、present【正確答案】C【答案解析】根據“coldly”可知，說話人不是指驚喜、歡迎、禮物，答案選C第7題【單選題】【2009.01】Modern economics _the countrys agricultural policies. A、undergoes B、understands C、underlies D、undertak

13、es【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。句意：現代經濟學是國家農業政策的基礎。考查形近動詞詞義。A 經歷，經受；B 了解；C 成為的基礎；D 承擔，保證。 第8題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps b

14、egin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it app

15、ear that they were floating.An important influence in early ballet was_. A、Balanchine B、Marie Antoinette C、Diaghilev D、Louis XIV【正確答案】D【答案解析】答案選D。細節題。對照原文It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. 這

16、里出現的時間1600s在原文中是比較早的，提到的人物是King Louis XIV，選D。第9題【單選題】【2009.7】An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work _. A、personally B、scarcely C、respectively D、responsibly【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查副詞意義區分?！咀g文】如果一個員工做工作總是認真負責，他就是完全可信賴的。【詳細解答】A 親自地; B 幾乎不; C 個別地; D 可靠地第10題【單選題】【2008.04】The cloth had a n

17、atural look which perfectly _ the image Laura sought. A、turned out B、set down C、thought over D、coincided with【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查短語意義辨析。這塊布料看起來很自然，與勞拉尋找的樣式完全相符。A. 關閉； B.制定、放下； D. 與相同、與相符。第11題【單選題】【完成句子】In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is par

18、tly because, British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. A、too much energy B、ba

19、sed on American designs C、they are too costly D、they are not reliable【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段第二句就是講的兩個原因，即人們的工資水平太低，也就是沒有能力使機器人發揮出創造財富的作用，言下之意就是成本高。第二個原因就是人們逐漸意識到了操縱機器人不是件容易的事情，所以使用率就下降了。所以應該選C。第12題【單選題】【填句補文】The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school,

20、along with reading, writing, and mathematics. _. That is at least as important as how much we know. A、Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. B、He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more intere

21、sting in another part of the room. C、Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. D、In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.【正確答案】D【答案解析】后句中的代詞we在D中才有呼應的代詞，而且在文章最后出現觀點句是通常論述文的發展特點，因此判斷D正確。第13題【單選題】

22、【2007.04】The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its _ considerably. A、distribution B、contribution C、prescription D、circulation【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。circulation：（書報雜志的）銷售量，發行額，銷路。符合句意。 第14題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The system has several advantages. Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep

23、, which tends to disturb the mother sheep that are about to give birth. Instead, they can stay inside, watching by remote control. If there is no problem, they stay away from the sheep. But when they are needed they can quickly go out to help, or to scare away foxes. The experiment is popular with s

24、hepherds because it means that they do not have to spend all their time outdoors waiting for the lambs to arrive in freezing weather.From the passage, we learn that walking among the sheep _. A、is more popular with shepherds than watching TV inside B、can help the mother sheep to give birth to more l

25、ambs C、is the best way to protect the sheep D、usually disturbs the mother sheep that will give birth【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據本段第二句話Shepherds do not have to walk among the sheep, which tends to disturb the mother sheep that are about to give birth.可知D項正確。第15題【單選題】【完成句子】Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an

26、 hour each day for some regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always spent 15 minutes reading something before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. made no difference.You are advised to read something before you _. A、find the topic sentences B、find ou

27、t the new words C、keep reading fast D、go to bed every day【正確答案】D【答案解析】本段提到一位著名的醫生不管晚上睡得多晚，都要花15分鐘讀點東西，那已經成為習慣。所以本題說“在你干什么之前，建議你讀點東西”，從選項中看只有 D 項合適。第16題【單選題】【2008.10】It took a few seconds for her eyes to _ to the darkness. A、allocate B、adopt C、apply D、adjust【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查動詞詞義辨析。【譯文】她花了幾秒鐘時間使眼睛適應黑暗

28、?！驹敿毥獯稹緼 分配，撥出 B 收養，過繼 C 應用，申請 D 調整，使適合第17題【單選題】【概括大意】The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer

29、children will be given the label low IQ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.The main idea of this paragraph is _.

30、 A、Impact on School Education B、A Changed View of Intelligence C、Main Results of Recent Researches D、Effect of Environment on Intelligence【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題使用了同義詞替換的選擇技巧，段落中主要講述的是智力本質的現代簡潔必定會對學校教育產生影響（bound to have some effect on our school system.），選項A中只是將名詞effect 換為impact。第18題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The other sid

31、e of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a tria

32、l by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. The word “allegiance is closest in meaning to _. A、loyalty B、objective C、survival D、motive【正確答案】A【答案解析】解本題可用同類詞關系進行判

33、斷。在“allegiance”前后的兩個詞分別是commitment和 sacrifice，應能判斷出這三個詞相對于國家而言是同一類詞，再利用排除法，不難選出正確答案A。第19題【單選題】【2009.01】Modern economics _the countrys agricultural policies. A、undergoes B、understands C、underlies D、undertakes【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。句意：現代經濟學是國家農業政策的基礎?？疾樾谓鼊釉~詞義。A 經歷，經受；B 了解；C 成為的基礎；D 承擔，保證。 第20題【單選題】【完成句

34、子】Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its Value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks，then

35、 it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obviousIntelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of

36、 attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary educationIt was once believed _, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence. A、born to be more intelligent or less intelligent B、taught to be more intelligent C、that intelligen

37、ce was something a baby was born with D、and because of the lack of communication with his classmates【正確答案】C【答案解析】空格處需要真正的主語（It是形式主語），因此根據語法結構判斷C 是答案。該句大意是“人們曾經一度相信，智力是一個孩子天生所具有的，因為我們可以根據他/她的智力水平判斷他/她在將來是否會取得成功。第21題【單選題】【2010.04】We have greatly _ the procedure according to the chairmans suggestion. A

38、、stimulated B、perceived C、obscured D、simplified【正確答案】D【答案解析】【譯文】 按照主席的提議我們已經大大地簡化了步驟。【試題分析】本題考查詞義辨析?！驹敿毥獯稹?動詞的詞義選取。第22題【單選題】【2009.04】The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just _. A、tentative B、valid C、technical D、thorough【正確答案】A【答案解析】譯文：這項研究的結論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析：形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細解答：A 不確定的、試

39、探性的；B 正當的、有根據的、有效的；C 技術性的、專門技術的；D 徹底的、十足的。第23題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Back in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently predicted: “In the next 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think.” Today, not too far off Nixons deadline, America is looking at that possibility. Over the wee

40、kend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency.Q: Up to the present, no woman has been elected president in the US. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。問題句說“迄今為止在美國沒有一個女人曾經被選舉為總統”。本段說的是“1969年，美國總統Richard Nixon 很有信心地預測：在下一個50年里，我們將會看

41、見一個女總統，這或許比你想象的更快些。今天距離Nixon總統給出的最終期限已經不遠了，美國人現在正關注這可能性”。相鄰語句的句意相關，顯然，定冠詞結構“the possibility”指答案相關句中提到的“可能出現美國女總統”。從該句中可以推斷出“從1969年到現在為止，美國還沒有出現女總統”。因此問題句提供了正確信息。第24題【單選題】【2007.04】Because of the bad weather, the sports meet had to be _. A、shut down B、done away C、gone off D、called off【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查

42、詞義辨析。call off：取消，符合句意。shut down：關閉（工廠）；（工廠）停工，關閉。do away常與with搭配，構成do away with。go off：爆炸，（鬧鈴）響。 第25題【單選題】【2009.01】He has deep love for the people and_loyalty to the country. A、intense B、initial C、instant D、imitative【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞詞義區分。A 強烈的，極度的；B 最初的，開始的；C 立即的，即時的；D 模仿的，仿效的。形容loyalty，選A比較恰當。第2

43、6題【單選題】【2008.04】The cloth had a natural look which perfectly _ the image Laura sought. A、turned out B、set down C、thought over D、coincided with【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查短語意義辨析。這塊布料看起來很自然，與勞拉尋找的樣式完全相符。A. 關閉； B.制定、放下； D. 與相同、與相符。第27題【單選題】【2009.7】He would _ that all the classified data should be kept safe when i

44、n office. A、assure B、ensure C、insure D、secure【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查動詞意義區分?！咀g文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機密數據處于安全狀態。【詳細解答】A 使確信，使有信心；B 確保（某事）發生，擔保；C 為投保，給保險；D 安全的，沒有危險的第28題【單選題】No sooner had we reached home _ a violent storm broke out. A、when B、that C、until D、than【正確答案】D【答案解析】題目意思：我們剛一到家，一場猛烈的暴風雨就下起來了。本題是固定搭配題。本題是no soo

45、ner than “一 就 ” 第29題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.Q: At present about 10% of American citizens possess a

46、 microcomputer. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。本段一開頭就說到目前在美國大約有二千四百萬臺微型電子計算機在使用中，平均每十人就擁有一臺。因此本題的表述是正確的。第30題【單選題】【2008.04】It has been found that a strong _ help overcome the effects of distraction. A、interruption B、motivation C、evaluation D、destination【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查名詞詞義區分。 A. 打擾、中；斷

47、B. 動機、誘因； C. 評估、評價； D. 目的地、終點。整句話的意思是：人們發現一個很強的動機可以幫助克服干擾物的影響。第31題【單選題】【2008.10】It took a few seconds for her eyes to _ to the darkness. A、allocate B、adopt C、apply D、adjust【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查動詞詞義辨析?！咀g文】她花了幾秒鐘時間使眼睛適應黑暗?！驹敿毥獯稹緼 分配，撥出 B 收養，過繼 C 應用，申請 D 調整，使適合第32題【單選題】【完成句子】As the sunflowers grow, put a h

48、ay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summers end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes, children can_. A、

49、seed lots of sunflowers B、play games in the sunflower house C、include plants with animal names D、find their own playing section【正確答案】B【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出處，By summers end“夏天結束的時候”實際上就是When autumn comes“秋天來臨的時候”。答案選擇B。第33題【單選題】【填句補文】Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to pe

50、ople you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. _. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show youre unhappy! A、Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quiete

51、r people keep them close to their bodies. B、If you ale feeling down, you normally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. C、However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know youre not pleased. D、If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this.【正確

52、答案】A【答案解析】本題可以采用線索詞來定位?？崭裉幍那昂髢蓚€句子都是對arms在具體情況下具體動作的描述。那么用以補充的句子也應是如此，即選項A開朗的人和沉默寡言的人手臂的動作，符合條件。第34題【單選題】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience（偽科學）. I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanu

53、el Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be_. A、a member of the National Academy of Science B、a pseudo-scientist C、a science popul

54、ariser D、a reporter【正確答案】B【答案解析】從這段文字中，我們可以了解到作者認為，Sagan與偽科學作斗爭的一個實例就是Sagan摧毀了Velikovsky的錯誤論述，即Velikovsky提出，在過去幾千年中，水星與地球和火星反復多次相撞，這在圣經中有加載。第35題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it g

55、ets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.Whic

56、h of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs? A、Our biological clock resets itself automatically. B、Light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock. C、Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically. D、Our internal clock,

57、 like the alarm clock, can be reset.【正確答案】C【答案解析】是非判斷題，根據第五自然段首句But just like（和一樣） your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.代詞 it指代biological clock，不是選項internal clock和alarm clock都可以自動調節。得到

58、答案為C。A D 我們的生物鐘自動調節。B 光線通過我們的眼睛調節生物鐘，與原文一致。第36題【單選題】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience（偽科學）. I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few t

59、housands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be_. A、a member of the National Academy of Science B、a pseudo-scientist C、a science populariser D、a reporter【正確答案】B【答案解析】從這段文字中，我們可以了解到作者認為，S

60、agan與偽科學作斗爭的一個實例就是Sagan摧毀了Velikovsky的錯誤論述，即Velikovsky提出，在過去幾千年中，水星與地球和火星反復多次相撞，這在圣經中有加載。第37題【單選題】【2008.04】Fish is _ and expensive at this time of the year in this area. A、in large measure B、to the minimum C、in short supply D、to the maximum【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查短語意義辨析。這個地區在一年中的這個時候魚的供應不足，價格昂貴。in short sup