1、閱讀理解題型及解題技巧主講：張生偉.第1頁，共130頁。1. 細節理解2. 猜測詞義 3. 推理判斷4.主旨大意5. 觀點態度6. 篇章結構題型及解題技巧.第2頁，共130頁。123456主旨大意細節理解觀點態度篇章結構推理判斷猜測詞義閱讀技巧.第3頁，共130頁。細節理解.第4頁，共130頁。本類試題主要考查學生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細節或文章的主要事實的理解能力。問題包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時間(when)、地點(where)、原因(cause)、結果(effect)、文中的數據(data)等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常常考查這些細節。常見問題形式有：Which of the

2、 following is true/false except? Which of the following is mentioned except三正一誤三誤一正.第5頁，共130頁。1.According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ How soon/ how often, etc. ?2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true?3. Accord

3、ing to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ?4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5. In the passage the writer states that _.6. Choose the best order in which the people do_.第6頁，共130頁。2. 定義；3. 比較；. 年代與數字5. 原因和結果此類試題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到,但不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣。 Sample IHoover Dam lies _. A.

4、between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B.第7頁，共130頁。This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It ispossible to drive a car from one side of theriver to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an e

5、levator inside. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona andNevada.第8頁，共130頁。2. 定義；3. 比較；. 年代與數字5. 原因和結果此類

6、試題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接找到,但不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣。 Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and BSample I.第9頁，共130頁。Sample IIWhich of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her pa

7、rents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.第10頁，共130頁。Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an

8、 air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.第11頁，共130頁。Samp

9、le IIWhich of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.moved.第12頁，共130頁。Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to

10、 Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of w

11、alking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.taken.第13頁，共130頁。According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散發) in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaC

12、continuous global warmingDrising sea levelsSample II.第14頁，共130頁。 reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and m

13、ore damaging storms.connectto.第15頁，共130頁。According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散發) in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levelsSample II.第16頁，共130頁。Laupepa was not sat

14、isfied with the United States because it did not .A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were realSample III.第17頁，共130頁。Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusin

15、g to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreementcalling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US haseffectively taken away the freedom of futuregenerations of Tuvaluan to live th

16、ere,” Laupepa told the BBC.第18頁，共130頁。Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were realSample III(故意用與原文中一模一樣的詞來迷惑考生)?.第

17、19頁，共130頁。Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy onesSample IV.第20頁，共130頁。Jack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was

18、mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.第21頁，共130頁。Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich one

19、s D. unhappy onesSample IV.第22頁，共130頁。You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000Sample V.第23頁，共130頁。Tuition Fees (學費)Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For furthe

20、r information: tui waikatoacnz. Accommodation (住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc waikatoacnz.第24頁，共130頁。$5000(學費)+$100(住宿費)x12(months)+$150(生活費)x12=$8000You

21、 have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000Sample V.第25頁，共130頁。Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you wan

22、t. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcadSample V.第26頁，共130頁。People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系統) that will organize the trip around the store. If youre looking for

23、toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.第27頁，共130頁。Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Fin

24、d the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcadSample V.第28頁，共130頁。猜測詞義.第29頁，共130頁。Question Form(1) The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2) As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests(3) From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “” is

25、/refers to (4) The word “” is closest in meaning to .第30頁，共130頁。根據解釋確定詞義技巧 11. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.2. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of these reports.社會流動性真實性.第31頁，共130頁。3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he

26、will not give it up easily.4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.堅決的變戲法者.第32頁，共130頁。根據對比確定詞義技巧 2In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmo

27、il. 一片混亂 .第33頁，共130頁。根據邏輯確定詞義技巧 3If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.不知疲倦的.第34頁，共130頁。根據上下文情景確定詞義技巧 4The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph m

28、eans_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out.第35頁，共130頁。Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of

29、CO2 giving off in the UK each year.第36頁，共130頁。根據上下文情景確定詞義技巧 4The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out.第37頁，共130頁。1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgene

30、rations Dmates2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture DpileTry to do the following exercises:根據上下文推測各題中劃線詞的詞義.第38頁，共130頁。3. Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example, if it is cheap, it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the

31、 size is Dhow big it is4. Please give me your recipe for this cake， so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house.第39頁，共130頁。5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet Bfly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees6. Mr

32、. Brown is an amateur photographerHe is an engineerBut in his free time he likes to take pictures A. as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work.第40頁，共130頁。7. This small Christmas tree is made of plasticIt is not a real treeIt is artificial A. beautiful B. not natural C. for a special holiday Din an ar

33、t museum 8. whales and elephants are gigantic animalsNo other animals can compare with them in size A. small Bland Csea Dhuge.第41頁，共130頁。9. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly A a kind of fish Ba kind of cat C. a kind of rock Da kind of

34、 bird10. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of woodThey sell their carvings to stores and museums Adraw Bbeat Cheat Dcut.第42頁，共130頁。11. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good healthThe child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortableA healthy c

35、hild gets well quickly Aa kind of animal Ba kind of food Ca kind of childhood disease Da lack of pure water.第43頁，共130頁。12. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their babyPierres family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred yearsTheir ancestors came from France A. family memb

36、ers from a long time ago B. grandparents and their grandchildren C. parents, grandparents and great- grandparents Dfamily members all living at the same time.第44頁，共130頁。推理判斷.第45頁，共130頁。1. 不選擇照抄原文的選項，要選擇要有 同義詞解釋的選項。2. 不選事實細節選項3. 不選非事實選項4. 選概括性/哲理性的選項技巧.第46頁，共130頁。常見問題形式:1. It can be inferred/conclude

37、d from the passage that _2.The passage suggests/implies that _3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means _4. We can conclude that_.5. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that_.6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?.第47頁，共130頁。1. The write

38、r talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mo

39、ther C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much .第48頁，共130頁。When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you s

40、ingle? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her? .第49頁，共130頁。1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in

41、love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much .第50頁，共130頁。1.Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. T

42、o make it cool. D. To make it brittle.2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operationSample 2.第51頁，共130頁。3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less bri

43、ttle?A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. .第52頁，共130頁。Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is

44、heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing.第53頁

45、，共130頁。it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. .第54頁，共130頁。1.Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To

46、 make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operationSample 2.第55頁，共130頁。3. As suggested by the text, how can gla

47、ss be made less brittle?A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. .第56頁，共130頁。觀點和態度.第57頁，共130頁。理解作者的觀點和態度題： 既考查學生對字面意思的理解，也考查學生對作者寫作目的、態度、觀點等的理解。正確理解作者的寫作意圖，所持的觀點及闡述

48、文章主題時語氣或他對所論述的對象的態度。假如你是作者，你為什么要寫本文？.第58頁，共130頁。此類考題的主要形式：1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _ .2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that _ .第59頁，共130頁。辨認三種作者使用的表達情感、態度及觀點的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。注意：貶義：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment褒義:

49、positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, disinterested, .第60頁，共130頁。The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal withe.g.第61頁，共130頁。

50、One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored

51、 lights all night. (根據文章作者用詞來判斷).第62頁，共130頁。The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal withe.g.第63頁，共130頁。The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions

52、have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.第64頁，共130頁。Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, e

53、xist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill. .第65頁，共130頁。The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals ar

54、e killed in road accidents.第66頁，共130頁。篇章結構.第67頁，共130頁。說明文的基本結構Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ConclusionExamplesComparisonClassification.第68頁，共130頁。2. 議論文的基本結構ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupporting sentencesfactsexamplestheory論點論據結論.第69頁，共130頁。3.記敘文

55、的基本結構Narrative writingsStorypresentationEndingTime cluesInverted time cluessurprisinghumorous.第70頁，共130頁。對文章基本結構理解的考查方式:1. 問結構）How is the text organized? A. TopicArgumentExplanationB. OpinionDiscussionDescriptionC. Main ideacomparison supporting examplesD. Introductionsupporting examples -conclusion

56、.第71頁，共130頁。2)The first paragraph is used as/to3)The first paragraph mentioned Peter Jennings death in order to _ .2.問指代1)The word “everything” in paragraph 2 means_2)What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?.第72頁，共130頁。3.問文章出處/前文后續1). The passage is most likely to be taken from_2. The

57、passage is most likely a part of_3)The passage is most likely to be taken from the article entitled_4)What may be talked about before the first paragraph? /after the last paragraph?5)The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss_.第73頁，共130頁。主旨大意 考查考生技巧加工與濃縮信息的能力.第74頁，共130頁。如何做主旨大意題 做此類題目

58、時，首先要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。.第75頁，共130頁。一、題型特點這類試題主要考查學生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析歸納文章的段落大意、重要情節、人物特征、環境特點的能力。這種試題要求考生能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心句；要求能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，難度較大，屬于高層次題。.第

59、76頁，共130頁。1. 標題類常見的題型: 1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_.2.The text (passage) could be entitled .3.What is the best title for the passage? 4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 二：題 干 表 現 形 式.第77頁，共130頁。1. This passage chiefly deals with_.2. Whats

60、the topic of the article?3. What is the subject discussed in the text?4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?2：大意類常見題型.第78頁，共130頁。The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_.The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _3：目的主旨大意常見題型.第79頁，共130頁。三：主題句呈現的形式 A. 文首提出主題, 隨