1、第31課賓語從句與定語從句課堂突破賓語從句概念在復(fù)合句中，用來充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫作賓語從句。在謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等后面都可以接賓語從句，要想真正掌握賓語從句的用法，必須把握三個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句的語序賓語從句的時(shí)連接賓語從句的連詞有that,whether與if。另外還有連接代詞what,which,who,whom及連接副詞when,where,how,why。1.賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)，用連接詞that引導(dǎo)，that在從句中只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作句子成分，沒有詞義，在口語中常常省略。如：Heknew（that）heshouldstudyhard.他知道他應(yīng)該

2、努力學(xué)習(xí)。2.賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，if和whether意為“是否”。如：Heaskedmeif/whetherhecouldcomein.他問我他能否進(jìn)來。3.賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，特殊疑問句中的疑問詞就是引導(dǎo)詞。如：Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?你能告訴我你在哪個(gè)班嗎？賓語從句是疑問句時(shí)，要用陳述語序。1.如果是由助動(dòng)詞do,does,did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句時(shí)，要去掉這些助動(dòng)詞，“從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)做出相應(yīng)的變化。如：Doeshesingwell?”theteacheraskedhim.Thetea

3、cheraskedhimwhether/ifhesangwell.2.如果是由be,have,will,can等助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，需要把這類詞還原到句中原來謂語的位置上，同時(shí)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)做相應(yīng)的變化。如：Sheaskedme,“Willyoubefreetomorrow?”SheaskedmeifIwouldbefreetomorrow.1.在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞一態(tài)般也要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：Heaskedwhentheywouldgototheparty.他問他們什么時(shí)候?qū)⑷⒓泳蹠?huì)。MissG

4、reensaidshehadbeentoBeijingbefore.格林小姐說她以前去過北京。2.在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制，可根據(jù)情況選用合適的時(shí)態(tài)。如：Doyouknowwhenwellhaveafootballmatch?你知道我們什么時(shí)候舉行足球賽嗎？YouknowhehasgonetoShanghai.你知道他已經(jīng)去上海了。3.當(dāng)賓語從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣動(dòng)作以及格言等時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限老制，都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsf

5、asterthansound.師告訴我們光比聲音傳播的速度要快。注：Couldyoutellme.?/Wouldyoutellme.?等句式并不是表示過去時(shí)態(tài)，而是表示客氣請(qǐng)求的語氣，所以賓語從句不一定用過去時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的某種時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱I或we，且謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等時(shí)，賓。語從句的否定式常常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上，即“否定前移”如：Idontbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.我相信他們還沒有完成工作。IdontthinkhecanspeakEnglish.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)講英語。注：

6、這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移的賓語從句變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧鋾r(shí)，疑問部分的主語、謂語要與從句保持一致。如：Idontthinkheisright,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)，是嗎？【活學(xué)活用】A）根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。1.IdliketovisitKatetomorrow.Doyouknow_（她住哪里）?Sorry,Idontknowheraddress,either.B）根據(jù)句意或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。2.Theteacherisstandinghere.Doyouknowwhenshe_（come）?3.（2017杭州中考）Nobodyknows_itwillfinishitsjourney.Itmightbel

7、ongerthanexpected.4.Untilnowtheyhaventdecided_theyshouldbuildtherailwayornot.5.Whatanicepaperfish!Canyoushowus_youmakeit?定語從句概念用法引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都要充當(dāng)句子成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略；當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語且介詞不在關(guān)系代詞之前的，關(guān)系代詞也可省略。如：Theperson（whom）youjustspoketoisMr.Li.剛剛跟你說話的人是李先生。定語

8、從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。如：Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。1.who引導(dǎo)的定語從句：who在從句中作主語或賓語，修飾的是人。如：Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.我喜歡自己創(chuàng)作樂曲的歌手。2.whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句：whose在從句中作定語，可以指人，也可以指物。如：Doyouknowthegirlwhosefatherisateacher?你認(rèn)識(shí)那位她父親是老師的女孩嗎？3.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句：which在從句中作主語或作謂語動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語，只能指無生命的東西

9、。如：Thestory（which）hetoldwasveryinteresting.他講的故事很有趣。4.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句：that在從句中可以指人或物，在從句中作主語或作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞的賓語。如：Ilovemoviesthatarefunny.我喜歡滑稽的電影。幾種必須用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況1.先行詞是不定代詞something,nothing,anything等。如：Iwanttodosomething（that）Ienjoy.我想做點(diǎn)我喜歡的事。2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞、thelast或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾。如：ThefirstthingthatIlea

10、rnedwillneverbeforgotten我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我學(xué)的第一件事。3.先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,much,no,some等修飾。如：Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我的所有書。4.先行詞被theonly，thevery修飾。如：ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor這就是我在找的鋼筆。5.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered他們聊了他們記得的人和事。6.當(dāng)句中已有who或which時(shí)

11、，為避免重復(fù)。如：WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?跟約翰說話的那個(gè)人是誰？7.如有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)已經(jīng)用了which，則另一個(gè)用that。如：Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen愛迪生建了一座工廠來生產(chǎn)一些從來沒有見過的東西。表示1.指人時(shí)，當(dāng)先行詞為everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等時(shí)要用who，而不用that。人時(shí)，如：Isthereanyone只可用who引導(dǎo)定語從句的場(chǎng)whocananswerthisquestion?有人會(huì)回答這個(gè)問題嗎

12、？t2.指人時(shí)，當(dāng)先行詞為that,this,those或these等時(shí)要用who。如：Thosewhohadnboughttheticketsforthetraincrowdedinthewaitinghall.那些還沒買著火車票的人擠在候車廳里。合關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的具體用法關(guān)系副詞主要有表示時(shí)間的when，表示地點(diǎn)的where，表示原因的why。如：October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。Thisisthehotelwherewestayedlastyea

13、r.這是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的旅館。ThereasonwhyImwritingistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.我寫信給你的理由是想告訴你關(guān)于周六聚會(huì)的事。【活學(xué)活用】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。1.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespentintheoldtown.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_wemetforthefirsttime.E3.“Underground”istheonlywordinthenglishlanguage_beginsandendswiththeletters“und”.4.Rosedoesntkno

14、wwhatsheorherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy_parentshavelefthometownformakingmoney.5.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulbooks_Ihaveeverread.6.Doyouknowtheman_istalkingtoMissWu?當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thedaywelookedforwardto_（come）atlast.t（,2.Ifyoudonlikethedrinkyou_order）justleaveitandtryadifferentone.3.Tomaske

15、diftheearth_（go）aroundthesun.4.IhearthatTom_（be）hereforaweek.5.AllthebooksIhave_（list）here.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。1.（2018杭州中考）Manymorepeoplecouldaffordthebooks_wereproducedonaprintingpress.2.Isthistheplace_yourfatheroncelived?3.Illneverforgetthedays_IjoinedtheLeague.4.Helikestoreadbooks_arewrittenbyforei

16、gnwriters.5.Those_wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7:00tomorrow.三、選詞填空。（2017湖州市南潯區(qū)中考模擬）選擇方框內(nèi)的單詞完成下列句子，使句子通順、正確。每詞限用一次。A.trulyB.customersC.amongD.imagineE.internationalF.either1.Onweekends,thesupermarketisusuallyfullof.2.March8is_WomensDay.Wecandosomethingforourmother.3.Youcan_howregretfulhe

17、wasafterdoingsuchasillything.4.I_feelsorryaboutyourgreatlossofyourgrandmother.5.Mr.White_watchesTVorreadsanewspaperintheevening.6.Nanxunis_themostbeautifulancienttownsinChina.四、任務(wù)型閱讀。（2018新昌中考模擬）閱讀下面文章，然后從文后所給的AD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇正確的選項(xiàng)（其中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)），將其序號(hào)填入13小題，并回答4和5兩小題。ForaChinesekid,publishing（出版）abookinEnglis

18、hisquiteabigchallenge.ButYangNianhui,a15-year-oldstudentfromBeijing,hasdoneso.1_,TheVampiresofLorania.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPresshaspublishedit.Itistheirfirsttimetopublishahighschoolstudentsworkindependently.InYangs60,000-wordnovel,shedescribesavampirekingdomcalledLorania.Abravegirlnamed

19、RoseandaChineseboyfightwithbadguystokeepLoraniapeaceful.2_.Ittellsreaders,“Aheroisonewhochoosestostayandfightforwhatisright,evenifheisafraid.”YangstudiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedwithRenminUniversityofChina.Shehasspentfiveyearsworkingonthebook.AsabigfanofEnglish,Yangenjoysreadingoriginalnovelsandwatc

20、hingTVseriesinEnglish.Sheisespeciallyinterestedinfantasynovels.WhenshewasinGrade5,shereadTheChroniclesofNarniabyUSauthorC.S.Lewis.3_.Withlittleexperience,shedidrunintosomeproblems,likehowtodesignthestory.“IreadmanyotherfantasynovelslikeTwilightandTheLordoftheRingstolearnsomethings.AndIkeptchangingandimprovingmydraftagainandagain,”shesaid.Yangishappyaboutpublishingherfirstbook.“Itgivesmeachancetoexpressmyideas,”shesaid.Shehasalreadystartedwriti