1、被動語態Ernie. WangDec.1,2015Dec.1,2015被動語態基本概念當句子的主語是動作的執行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態主動語態。當句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動被動語態語態。被動語態形式：be+過去分詞，不同時態通過be表現出來。 主動語態 (the Active Voice) 被動語態 (the Passive Voice) A. 主動語態主語是動作的執行者。We planted the tree.B. 被動語態主語是動作的承受者。The tree was planted by us. 兩種語態Why？為何使用被動語態1、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的

2、執行者時。例如： Football is played all over the world 2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執行者時。例如： My bike was stolen 我的自行車被盜了。3. 強調動作的承受者時；如：The sony company was attacked by hackers;3、某些句子習慣上用被動語態。例如：、某些句子習慣上用被動語態。例如：He was born in October，19894、漢語中含有、漢語中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時。例如：等詞時。例如：Max是被Paul叫來的。 Max is asked to come by Paul5、

3、漢語中含有、漢語中含有“據說據說”、“據悉據悉”、“據報道據報道”等時。例如：等時。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知 It is well known that 據推測說 It is supposed that 寫作常用系列習語。被動語態的形式Bedone隨時態變化各種時態下的被動語態 一般一般進行進行完成完成完成進行完成進行現在AmIs givenAreAmIs being givenAreHas b

4、een givenHavehashave been being given過去Was givenWereWas being givenWereHad been downhad beenbeinggiven將來Will be givenwell be deing givenWill have been givenwill have been being given過去將來would be given would be being givenWould have been givenwould have beenbeing given一般現在時The classroom is cleaned by

5、 us everyday.History is made by the people.Confucius works are still read by many people today.一般過去時The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.The lost boy was found at the street corner last night.The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889.一般將來時The classroom will be cleaned by us tomorrow.Eason Chen wil

6、l also be asked to appear in films.More subway lines will be built in six months.過去將來時She said the classroom would be cleaned by us tomorrow.Tim said the new hotel will be built in the future.現在進行時The classroom is being cleaned by us.A new railway is being built.The road is being repaired.過去進行時The c

7、lassroom was being cleaned by us yesterday this time.The roads were being widened then.The new house was being painted when I got home.現在完成時The classroom has been cleaned by us.These plants have been grown without the use of any chemicals.The work have been finished.過去完成式The classroom had been clean

8、ed by us few days ago .A new hotel had been built when I got hereHe told me that the work had been finished.將來完成時I told them the classroom will have been cleaned by us in one hours. Many new buildings will have been built in London by next year.過去將來完成時Few days ago I told the teacher that the classro

9、om would have been cleaned by us in 2 days.The day was drawing near when the reservior would have been completed.練習 Workers are building a new teaching building in our school Well put on the play next Sunday They had completed the railway by the end of last year 基本句式第四種： 主謂直接賓語間接賓語 1. He bought his

10、friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.2. He bought her a watch.She was bought a watch (by him).A watch was bought for her (by him). Father made me a doll. A doll was made for me.(x)I was made a doll

11、 by my father.He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her.(x)She was written a letter by him.My aunt sewed me a skirtA skirt was sewed for me by my aunt.(x)I was made a skirt by my aunt. 基本句式第四種： 主謂直接賓語間接賓語 間接賓語作主語時：間接賓語be過去分詞（原）直接賓語 直接賓語做主語時：直接賓語be過去分詞介詞（原）間接賓語* 部分雙賓動詞(如bring, do, make, pass

12、, sell, send, sing, write等），直接賓語(指事物)作被動語態的主語，而將間接賓語用作保留賓語(其前根據情況用介詞to或for)有些雙賓動詞(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用間接賓語(指人)作被動語態的主語，而將直接賓語用作保留賓語：He answered me that question.I was answered that question by him.(x)That question was answered me by him.有賓語補足語的主動語態時，不足以放在過去分詞之后，其位置雖然保持不變，但語法

13、功能改變此時賓語補足語不再是賓語補足語，而是主語補足語。They will make Beijing more beautiful.Beijing will be made more beautiful (by them).Children saw the balloons rising.The balloons were seen rising (by children).He saw a thief steal something from the room.A thief was seen to steal something from the room.主語謂語賓語賓語補足語 被動語態

14、：（原）賓語be過去分詞賓語補足語by原主語的賓格He looks after her grandmother.Her grandmother is looked after by her.A truck is running over a bag.A bag is being run over by a truck.主語不及物動詞介詞賓語 被動語態：（原）賓語be過去分詞介詞by原主語賓格由情態動詞構成的被動語態主語情態動詞be過去分詞We can easily download music from the Internet.Music can be easily downloaded from the Internet.They neednt look after the little child.The little child neednt be look after by them.Can you see an exhibition about Ancient Technology.Can an exhibit