1、Issue題庫和翻譯 全部244題   1. "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."通常，我們從與我們意見相同的人身上學到的要比從那些與我們意見相悖的人身上學的東西要多得多；（因為）意見不統一會帶來壓力并且阻礙學習。統一與分歧之（與我們）持相同意見者和持不同意見者對

2、學習的作用意見相同可以鼓勵人們學習的積極性，人們更愿意從和自己意見相同的人身上學習；使人們盲目自信，看不到自己的缺點而阻礙進步，和自己相同的人知識面有限制意見不同可以找出學習中的不足；打擊人們的信心，帶來壓力阻礙進步- 2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."歸根結底，競爭對于社會是利多弊少。競爭對于社會的優點和缺點競爭可以- 3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existin

3、g social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."與其花錢進行可能有助于后代的長期性研究，還不如把錢花在迫在眉睫，已經存在的社會問題上。當務之急和百年大計的關系- 4. "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."在任何一個研究領域

4、當中，除非有該領域之外的人引進他們的知識和經驗，否則該領域就很難獲得巨大的發展。Outsider: a person does not belong to a particular group閉門造車，旁觀者清- 5. "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which ac

5、ademic courses to offer." 一個國家應該要求所有的學生在進入大學之前都學習由國家統一制定的課程，而不是允許由國家不同地區的學校去決定課程的安排。國家統一和地區單獨安排課程- 6. "The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth."了解當代文明最有效的途徑就是去分析當代年輕人的潮流。文明潮流和年輕人潮流的關系。-7. "The video camera provides such an a

6、ccurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records." 攝像機可以通過如此精確而有力的記錄手段來再現當代生活，因此它已經代替書面記錄成為了一種更重要的記錄手段。記錄手段：現代攝像機和印刷術-8. "It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information fr

7、om the public." 對于政治領導者來說，向人大眾隱瞞信息通常是必要的，甚至有益的。少數和多數的關系之true lies, the truth is out there.- 9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use

8、." 近些年來，學科已經細化到了相當的程度以至于學者們的理念只影響小范圍的人群。除非學者們能擁有影響等大范圍的人群，否則他們的理念將幾乎毫無用處。過分專業化問題 overspecialization- 10. "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions ar

9、e preserved and generated." 政府必須要確保主要城市發展所需的財政支持，因為一個國家的文化傳統主要是在城市中得以保存和發展。城市和國家的關系之文化傳統- 11. "All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems." 所有的國家都應該支持發展一所全

10、球性的大學，它的主要目的是要讓學生們致力于解決世界上最難纏的社會問題。全球化問題之全球解難大學- 12. "People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic." 人們的態度更多的是由臨時的情況或者環境所決定，而非人們自身的特點。心理問題之沖動和可預測- 13. "Many of the world's lesser-known languages are bei

11、ng lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."世界上很多的小語種都快要消失了，因為越來越少的人在使用這些語言。使用這些小語種的國家應該采取行動以防止這樣的語言逐漸銷聲匿跡。反全球化問題之小語種與政府保護- 14. "It is necessary for everyone to re

12、ad poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature." 每個人都應該閱讀詩歌、小說、神話以及各種各樣的想象文學。想象文學與人-15. "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior." 一個社會的穩定取決于該社會對人們極端行為所作出的反應。抽象型題目- 16. "Although many people think that the lu

13、xuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals." 盡管許多人認為現代生活的奢華和便利是絲毫沒有壞處的，但是這實際上讓人們無法成為真正強大和獨立的個體。社會和個人之發展問題- 17. "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every i

14、ndividual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws." 有兩種法律：公正的和不公正的。每個社會成員都有責任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更應該不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。社會和個人之法律公正么？- 18. "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of other

15、s does one really discover the value of that idea."只有通過排除異議和對照其他的觀點來捍衛一個理念，人們才能真正的發現該理念的價值所在。- 19. "If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens." 如果一個社會要繁榮就必須將社會整體的成敗置于單個社會成員的幸福之上。少數和多數之成- 20. "National governmen

16、ts should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."任何一個國家的政府都應該為孩子而不是為建設更多的社會項目和服務。孩子和之社會建設- 21. "Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a

17、 government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world." 改革幾乎從來都不是由那些關心自己聲譽和社會地位的人發起的。那些真正熱衷于政府改革、教育改革和其他機構改革的人們一定都是甘于被他人輕視的。沽名釣譽distain: - 22. "Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, frie

18、nds, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals." 很多人認為只是一些個人或者小團體（比如家庭、朋友、老師、名人）促成了他們的思維和行動。其實一直以來不是一些個人而是社會作為一個整體在定義我們和我們的態度。少數和多數之定義人生-23. "Cont

19、emporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."現代技術使獲得大量細節信息成為可能。其結果是人們全神貫注于七零八碎的信息而很少去注意更大的問題和全局。少

20、數和多數之細節信息- 24. "People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caution and restraint in the use of that power."當掌握權力的人們試圖小心而節制的使用權力時，他們是最有效率的。過猶不及- 25. "Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite

21、 directionin other words, to make things as simple as possible." 任何人都可以把事情簡單復雜化，但是需要真正努力和勇氣的恰恰相反，也就是說應該把事情變得盡可能的簡單。復雜和簡單- 26. "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern

22、 planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served." 大多數人都同意一個社會的建筑物代表了它有價值的歷史紀錄，但是當現代規劃者們覺得這些以前的建筑物所占據的土地可以被更有價值的使用于新目的時，就產生了爭議，現代發展應該比保留

23、歷史建筑物更受重視以便于滿足眼下的需求。過去和現在之建筑物-27. "No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking."這個世界上沒有人能夠靠墨守陳規（行動或者思維上的）而獲得成。新手和老手之墨守成規和成- 28. "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends

24、, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."學生們在記憶知識的時候應該先學習有助于解釋那些知識的理念、潮流和概念。僅僅死學知識的學生是學不到什么東西的。局部和整體之觸類旁通- 29. "Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their privat

25、e lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy." 像演員、政治家和運動員這樣的公眾人物應該預料到大眾會對他們的私生活感興趣。當他們希望受人矚目的時候就應該至少預期到會失去一些隱私（被大眾得知一些隱私）。少數和多數之公眾人物的隱私- 30. "The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's ef

26、ficiency so that everyone has more leisure time." 技術進步的首要目標應該是提高人們的效率以便于每個人都享有更多的閑暇時光。技術進步之空閑時刻- 31. "Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial." 花在研究上的資金基本上都是不錯的投資，即使研究的結果是有爭議的。現實和理想-32. "A school or coll

27、ege should pay its teachers at the same rate in all disciplines, regardless of differences in salaries for related fields in the world outside of school. For example, entry-level teachers in mathematics and in the arts should receive the same pay, even if outside of school, math specialists earn a m

28、uch higher salary on average than do specialists in the arts." 不管在校園外不同領域之間薪水的差異有多大，學校對于所有學科老師的待遇應該是一視同仁的。比如，低年級的數學和美術老師應該享有同樣的收入，即便在校外，數學專家的收入一般是要比藝術家高得多。孤立的校園- 33. "Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that imag

29、e." 在當代社會，打造一個引人入勝的外表已經變得比外表下的內容更加重要了。外表和內容- 34. "Instead of requiring students to take courses in a variety of disciplinesthat is, courses ranging from the arts and the humanities to the physical and biological sciencescolleges and universities should allow students to enroll only in thos

30、e courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. Such concentration is necessary in today's increasingly work-oriented society." 與其要求學生們選修各種各樣的學科從藝術和人文科學到物理和生物科學大學還不如允許學生們僅僅去選擇那些有助于他們今后工作的學科。這種集中在當今這個工作至上的社會是必要的。少數和多數之學科- 35. "No matter what the situation, it is m

31、ore harmful to compromise one's beliefs than to adhere to them." 無論在什么樣的情況下，折衷自己的信仰要比堅持有害。信仰- 36. "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries." 一個人是否偉大是由后人評定的而非他同時代的人。時間先后- 37. "In most societies, competition gen

32、erally has more of a negative than a positive effect."在大多數社會中，競爭一般是弊多利少。利多弊少之競爭- 38. "In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books." 電視時代的讀書已經不像以前那么重要了。人們通過看電視學到的和他們讀書所能學到的一樣多。現

33、代技術之電視和讀書- 39. "The intellectual benefits of attending a university or college are vastly overrated: most people could learn more by studying and reading on their own for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree." 大學學習的好處被過分的高估了：大多數人如果通過研究和閱讀的方式自學四年的話，會比追求一個大學學位學到的更多。大學和自

34、學- 40. "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem." 我們不應該僅僅關注學者和研究者的著作能否對社會做出貢獻。更重要的是關注他們如何

35、追求實現自己的興趣，無論那些興趣顯得是多么的非同尋常。少數和多數之科學家- 41. "Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science." 研究界的一些非主流領域，比如星象學、占卜術和意念及超自然探索，在社會中起到了很重要的

36、作用，因為它們滿足了人們無法從主流科學獲得的需求。少數和多數之非主流學科- 42. "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups."由于學習不是一種孤立的行為而是需要人們之間合作的，所以各種年齡的學生如果經常小組學習的話就會在學術上受益匪淺。少數和多數之學習小組- 43.

37、"To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards." 一個公仆如果想成為一位杰出的領導者就必須保持最高的倫理和道德標準。政治家題目（24）-44. "Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear."政府不應該資助任何后果不明的科學研究，

38、無論是醫學方面還是倫理方面的。政府和科研- 45. "Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve."政府官員應該依靠自己的判斷而不是不管三七二十一的遵從人的意愿。少數和多數，政府-46. "While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute

39、 their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation." 當政府、體育界、工業界和其他領域中的一些領導者將他們的成歸因于一種高度的競爭意識時，一個社會還是應該更好的為那些即將成為領導者的年輕人灌輸一種合作的意識。競爭和合作-47. "Society does not place enough emphasi

40、s on the intellectthat is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills."社會對于智力還是重視不夠，比如推理和認知的能力。獨立題目- 48. "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose ide

41、ntities have long been forgotten." 歷史研究過于關注個人。歷史上最有意義的事件和潮流能夠成為可能不是因為幾個少數的名人而是一些身份早就被淡忘的人群。少數和多數，精英和大眾- 49. "Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairy tales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the cre

42、ators of fiction shape and focus reality rather than report on it literally, their creations have a more lasting significance."想象作品，比如小說、戲劇、電影、神話和傳奇要比真實的敘事作品更能精確而有意義的展現人類的經歷。因為虛構作品的作者們重點刻畫現實而不是一板一眼的報道現實，所以他們的創作具有更加深遠的意義。想象作品- 50. "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the colle

43、ge and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."為了改大學的教學質量，所有的教員都應該被要求花一定時間到學術領域以外去參加和他們所教科目相關的工作。孤立的教育- 51. "Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed

44、to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."教育只有被專門設計來滿足每一個學生個人需求和興趣的時候才是真正有效率的。少數和多數- 52. "Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony." 教育鼓勵學生們提出問題和進行批判，這樣做的結果無助于促進社會的和諧。教育問題-53. "College and unive

45、rsity education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government." 大學教育應該對所有學生免費，由政府來全額資助。教育問題之獎學金- 54. "History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today." 歷史只教會了我們一件事：了解過去無助于人們今天作出重要的決定。時間問題之歷史不是今天的一面鏡子- 5

46、5. "Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education." 追求高分嚴重的限制了教育各階段的學習質量。Grade有評分、分數的意思教育之分數-56. "Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the futu

47、re."政府應該把更多的注意力放在解決當務之急，而不是試圖解決將來預期的問題上。時間之當務之急和百年大計- 57. "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience." 通過書本獲得的知識要比通過直接體驗獲得的知識要更加豐富和廣泛。直接經驗和間接經驗- 58. "The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes m

48、ore problems than it solves."現代生活越來越快的節奏弊多利少。利多弊少題型- 59. "Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them."太多的注意力被放在了模式化方面。與其模仿別人，人們還不如學習獨立思考和作出最適合自己的選擇。模式化和獨立思考-

49、 60. "The mediaand society in generalmistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group."媒體和整個社會錯誤地希望某個人的發言就是代表了某一個特定的群體，無論這個個人是否代表了整個群體的意見。少數和多數之發表意見-61. "High-profile awards such as the Nobel

50、 Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."最高榮譽比如諾貝爾獎實際上是在損害社會，因為這種獎項在暗示只有少數人才配得上這樣的榮譽。少數和多數，精英和大眾- 62. "The widespread idea that people should make self-improvement a primary goal in their lives is problematic because it a

51、ssumes that people are intrinsically deficient." 認為人們應該把自我進步當做是人生頭等大事的流行觀點是有問題的，因為這樣的觀點在假設人們是天生就有缺陷的。獨立題目-63. "To truly understand your own cultureno matter how you define itrequires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own." 為了真

52、正理解你自己的文化無論你如何地定義它都至少需要了解另外一種文化，并且該文化與你自己的文化是截然不同的。旁觀者清-64. "Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it." 很多人懂得如何去獲得成，但是很少有人知道如何最好的去利用成。Attain and sustain打江山容易，保江山難- 65. "People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent difference

53、s that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups." 人們被社會鼓勵而將注意力集中于顯而易見的差異上，以至于人們已經無法看到各種理念、個人和群體之間的有意義的相似。統一和差異- 66. "As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate." 當人們變得越來越依賴技術解決問題的時候，人類獨立思考的能力將肯定會江河日下。技術進步之人和技術- 67. "Colleges should require students to engage in public-service activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, well-rounded education."大學應該要求學生們參加公益活動，這也是為了保證每一個學生都能獲得平衡而全面的教育。