1、中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)附錄：外文資料與中文翻譯外文資料：STUDY ON BOUNDARY NOTCH OF CEMENTECARBIDE CUTTING TOOL1 INTRODUCTIONThe wear and boundary notch of cemented carbide cutting tools are often found in the machining. They directly influence machining quality of the machined workpiece and the cutting performance and life of t

2、he cutter. Especially, in the precision machining, flexible manufacturing system (FMS) and other automation manufacture, wear and boundary notch behaviors of cemented carbide tools are even more important. Metal cutting experiences have expounded that wear and boundary notch of the cemented carbide

3、cutting tools are more serious in the machining of the workpiece in which the strain hardening is high and the remaining is not even. It seriously influences the machining quality of the machined piece and the cutting performance and life of the cutter. But, so far, there has not been much research

4、on the boundary notch mechanism of cemented carbide cutting cutter, and the technical measures to reduce boundary notch of cemented carbide cutting tools are fewer1,2. So that, the based on the machining experiments of friction welded joint, this research focuses on the forming processes and main ru

5、les of the boundary notch, and has developed several measures to resist or lessen boundary notch, which provides a theoretical and experimental base to ensure cutting performances of cutters and machining quality.2 THE FORMING PROCESS AND MAIN SIZE OF BOUNDARY NOTCHThe boundary notch of cemented car

6、bide cutting tools is a wear area, which is relatively large, resulting from friction between main cutting edge and the surface of the workpiece as the following Fig.1. Fig.1 (a) shows a traditional wearing type of the flank. The rake face Ar and flank face Aa are also shown. Fig.1 (b) shows the mai

7、n dimension of boundary notch of the lathe tool, in which VN represented the height of boundary notch and C refers to the width. It is apparent that the greater the dimensions of VN and C are, the greater it destroys the performance of tools and influences the machining quality3,4.By experiment, the

8、 forming process of the boundary notch can be divided into the following three steps: firstly, several micro cracks are produced at main cutting edge. Secondly, the mesh fractures are found in the boundary areas and they will spread. Finally, the piece material will be denuded and the boundary notch

9、 is formed. In the subsequent cutting process, the dimension of the boundary becomes bigger and bigger.Fig. 2 shows the forming process of boundary notch of the cemented carbide cutting tools.Main factors to influence boundary notch are mechanical performance of the piece material, the cutter materi

10、al, and geometry parameter of the cutter. The following experiments were carried out in order to expound the forming mechanism and evolution rules of the boundary notch.Fig. 1 Boundary notch of the cemented carbide cutting tool in turningFig.2 Forming process of boundary notch of the cemented carbid

11、e cutting tools.3 EXPERIMENT CONDITIONS AND TESTING MEASURESThe lathe C6130 and reversible cutting tool are used in the experiment. Five cutter materials are employed. Main mechanical parameters of cutter material are shown in Table 1.The machining piece is the friction-welded line of the single hyd

12、raulic pillar. The width of the welded line is 15mm and the machining allowance is 5.5mm. Besides, the above pillar is welded with 270SiMn and 45# steel. The relatively mechanical performances of the welded line are shown in Table 2.Based on manufacturing experience and relative information in China

13、 and other countries about similar machining process, the chosen machining and tool geometry parameters are shown in Table 3.The boundary notch dimensions of the cemented carbide cutting tools (boundary notch height VN and width C are directly attained by tool microscope. In order to ensure reliabil

14、ity of the results, repeated experiments are carried out. The recurrent performance is good.4 EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND ANALYSIS4.1 Cutter MaterialsFor different cutter materials, as shown in Fig. 3, the machining performance and the ability to resist boundary notch are distinctly different.From Fig. 3

15、, we can find the boundary notch dimensions are relatively large when YD10,YD15 and YW are used. Whereas the boundary notch dimension is smallest when YTS25 is used. Because of the asymmetry allowances impacts and vibrations will take place. YTS25 cutter has better impact-resisting performance and b

16、oundary notch dimension. Therefore, YTS25 cutter material is selected to do the following experiments.Table 1 Material Performances of CuttersTypeMaterial PerformanceRemarkHRAb(kg/mm2)(g/cm2)YD10YD15707YW2YTS259290.592919113012514515020012.4112.811.512.111.812.512.71.3.312.813.2North toolsNorth tool

17、sZiGongZhugongZhuzhouTable 2 Mechanical Performances of CuttersItemTensile strengthElongation rateShrinkage rateImpact toughnessb(kg/mm2)(%)T(%)k(kg/cm2)270SiMn1001240545#6116405Welding Line64.6825.5 1337.646.23.56.4Table 3 Cutting ParametersCutting velocity V (m/min) 75Cutting depth p (mm)5.5Feed r

18、ate f(mm/r)0.3Rake angle 0 ( 10Clearance angle 0 (8Cutting edge angle Kr (845 ; 75 ; 90Edge inclination s (-5Negative chamfer b1 (mm)0.1; 0.2; 0.3Cutter corner radius r(mm) 0.2; 0.4; 0.84.2 Influences of Cutting Edge AngleThe results of the variety boundary notch are shown as in Fig. 4 when the cutt

19、ing edge angle is changed. From Fig. 4 we can find that, with the lessening of the cutting edge angle Kr , the dimensions of the boundary notch decrease. The reason is that with the lessening of the cutting edge angle Kr , the length of the cutting edge that acts on cutting becomes larger and the av

20、erage loads on the cutting edge become lighter.4.3 Influences of Cutter Corner Radius rThe results of the variety boundary notch with the cutter corner changing are shown as Fig. 5.The boundary notch dimension decreases with the cutter corner radius r becoming lesser. The reason is that with the inc

21、reasing of the cutter corner radius, the impact-resistance performance.Fig. 3 Different boundary notch results to different utter materialFig. 4 Influences of cutting edge angle Krincreases and the volume of the cutter that endures heat becomes larger. Therefore, under the same cutting conditions, b

22、oundary notch dimensions (VN, C) decrease when the cutter corner radius becomes lesser.4.4 Influences of Negative Chamfer blThe experiment results of the variety boundary notch are shown as in Fig. 6 when the width of the negative chamfer is changed. The dimension of the boundary notch will decrease

23、 when the width of the negative chamfer bl decreases. Therefore, in order to resist or decrease the cutter boundary notch, the lesser negative chamfer bl should be chosen.4.5 Deburring Machining ProcessThe burrs have some influences on cutter boundary notch in metal machining process. A deburring cu

24、tter is chosen to decrease the adverse influence on cutter. A different result between deburring machining process and common machining process is shown as in Fig. 7. It can be seen that about 75% of the boundary notch is decreased. So, burr is a main factor to produce and increase the boundary notc

25、h of the cutter.Fig.5 Influence of cutter corner radius RFig.6 Influences of negative chamfer widthFig.7 Deburring machining process and common machining process5 CONCLUSIONSFrom above experimental research and theoretical analysis, the following conclusions are attained:1) Boundary notch of the cut

26、ting tool can be expressed by boundary notch height VN and boundary notch width C. The forming processes of boundary notch can be divided into three steps:micro-tipping appears firstly; Then, mesh fractures expand; Finally, boundary notch results.(2) Main factors that influence boundary notch of cem

27、ented carbide cutter are piece material,cutter material and cutter geometry parameters.(3) Deburring machining process and adjusting cutting tool geometry parameters (to reduce edge angle Kr and width of negative chamfer bl, to increase cutter corner radius r) can be chosen to decrease effectively b

28、oundary notch, which ensures the quality of workpiece and cutting performances of cutting tool.65河南理工大學(xué)萬(wàn)方科技學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文中文翻譯： 關(guān)于硬質(zhì)合金刀具刀刃磨損的研究1.介紹硬質(zhì)合金刀具的刀刃的磨損在加工中經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)。它們直接地影響以機(jī)器制造的工件和切削質(zhì)量和刀具的壽命。尤其,在精密機(jī)加工中,柔性制造系統(tǒng)(FMS)和硬質(zhì)合金刀具的其他自動(dòng)化制造系統(tǒng)中，擦損和刀刃磨損軌跡更重要。金屬制的痕跡已經(jīng)解釋了擦損和硬質(zhì)合金刀具的刀刃磨損在工件的機(jī)加工在高應(yīng)變硬化中哪一個(gè)更嚴(yán)重和甚至沒(méi)有剩余的情況。它嚴(yán)

29、重地影響機(jī)器制造的工件質(zhì)量和切斷的性能和刀具的壽命。但是，迄今為止，在硬質(zhì)合金刀具的刀刃磨損機(jī)構(gòu)和專門(mén)技術(shù)措施上，都使硬質(zhì)合金刀具的界線凹槽變得越來(lái)越小。因此,以磨擦熔接接合的機(jī)制實(shí)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ),這一個(gè)研究把重心集中在刀刃磨損的形成程序和干管尺,而且已經(jīng)發(fā)展數(shù)個(gè)的措施抵抗或者減小界線凹槽,這提供一個(gè)理論上的和經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的堿確保刀具的切斷性能和切削質(zhì)量。2 刀刃磨損形成原因和主要尺寸硬質(zhì)合金刀具的磨損是一個(gè)擦損面積,是相對(duì)地大的,由于主要的刃口和工作件的表面之間的磨擦，如圖1所示。圖1(a)顯示了傳統(tǒng)側(cè)面的磨損類型,Ar傾斜面 Ar 和側(cè)面Aa面在如圖1(b)中也顯示。顯示車刀的凹槽的主要尺寸,和的刀刃

30、磨損，在車床中VN代表刀刃磨損的高度。C代表它的寬度，這樣看起來(lái)，VN和C的尺寸越大，那么它破壞刀具工具的性能和影響機(jī)制質(zhì)量的機(jī)會(huì)越大。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn), 刀刃磨損的形成方法被分成三步: 第一，數(shù)個(gè)的微觀裂解在主要的刃口被提出展現(xiàn)。 第二, 網(wǎng)眼破面在界線面積和他們被發(fā)現(xiàn)將會(huì)擴(kuò)展。 最后，塊材料將會(huì)被使裸露，而且凹槽被形成。 在后成的切削過(guò)程中，刀刃磨損的尺寸會(huì)變得越來(lái)越大。圖1 側(cè)刀面的磨損類型圖2 硬質(zhì)合金刀具和刀刃磨損的形成原因影響刀刃磨損的主要因素是刀具的材料的機(jī)械性能，刀具材料和幾何參數(shù)。 下列的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作是為了解釋邊界尺寸的形成機(jī)理和刀具磨損的擴(kuò)展尺寸。3 實(shí)驗(yàn)條件和測(cè)試措施車床 C6130

31、 和可逆刀具在實(shí)驗(yàn)被使用。 五種刀具材料被使用。刀具材料的主要機(jī)械參數(shù)如表1。機(jī)制塊是單一狀柱的磨擦焊接線。 被焊接的線的寬度是 15個(gè)毫米，而且切削裕度是 5.5毫米。此外，上述的柱形物是用270SiMn和 45#鋼一起焊接。被焊接的線的相對(duì)機(jī)械性能在表2被顯示。在類似物機(jī)制方法中國(guó)和其他的國(guó)家中以制造業(yè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和有關(guān)情報(bào)上,被選擇的機(jī)制和工具幾何參數(shù)在表 3被顯示。硬質(zhì)合金刀具的邊界凹槽尺寸(界線凹槽高度VN 和寬度C由工具得到。為了要確保結(jié)果的可靠度, 反復(fù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)被實(shí)行。 再利用的性能很好。4 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析4.1 刀具材料對(duì)于不同的刀具材料,如圖3所示,機(jī)制性能和刀刃磨損的抵抗能力是顯然地

32、不同的。從圖3,我們能找刀刃磨損尺寸是相對(duì)地的大，當(dāng)YD10,YD15和YW 被使用的時(shí)候。然而當(dāng) YTS25被使用的時(shí)候，刀刃磨損尺寸很最小。因?yàn)椴粚?duì)稱現(xiàn)象公差擠入，而且振動(dòng)將會(huì)發(fā)生。 YTS25 刀具有得更好抗拒碰撞的性能和刀刃磨損尺寸。 因此, YTS25 刀具材料被選擇做跟隨實(shí)驗(yàn)。表1切削刀具的材料性能類型材料性能標(biāo)記HRAb(kg/mm2)(g/cm2)YD10YD15707YW2YTS259290.592919113012514515020012.4112.811.512.111.812.512.71.3.312.813.2North toolsNorth toolsZiGongZhugongZhuzhou表2 切削刀具的