1、輪機英語書后新題翻譯1When a ship in loaded condition floats at arbitrary water line, its displacement is _ to the relevant mass of water displaced by the ship.A. equal B. larger C. smaller D. equivalent答案A 以任意吃水漂浮在水面上的載貨船舶，它的排水量等于船體置換掉的相應質量的水。ship in loaded condition 船舶處于有負載的狀況 arbitrary 任意的 water line (船的)吃水

2、線,水位 displacement 排水量 equal to 等于，與相等 relevant mass 相應的質量 displace 取代，置換2The displacement of a ship is _ to the total weight, all told, of the relevant loaded ship.A. larger B. equal C. smaller D. equivalent答案B 船舶的排水量等于相應裝載貨物船舶的總重量。total weight 總重量 all told 副詞，表示總計，總共，合計，用在這里強調是載貨船舶總共的質量。3Which one

3、is not true?A. Two main areas of skill are involved in the construction of ship.B. There are distinct divisions in responsibilities between naval architects and marine engineers.C. Each ship will assume varying proportions according to its type.D. Ships can be divided into different categories from

4、different perspectives.答案B 哪句話不正確？造船工程師與輪機員在職責上處于截然不同的區域。（覺得有些問題）distinct divisions 截然不同的區域 naval architect 造船工程師，驗船師 marine engineer 輪機員4Why a gearbox is needed in a ship driven by a medium-speed diesel engine?A. To reduce the main engine speed B. To increase the main engine speedC. To govern the m

5、ain engine speed D. To fix the propeller shaft答案D 為什么中速柴油機驅動的船舶需要齒輪箱？為了安裝固定螺旋槳軸。（即螺旋槳軸不是直接由主機帶動的，而是連接到齒輪箱的） gearbox 齒輪箱 fix 固定，安裝，修理 propeller shaft 螺旋槳軸5A propeller, in order to operate efficiently, must rotate at a relatively _ speed.A. high B. low C. fast D. lowly答案B 螺旋槳，為了更有效率的工作，必須以相對較低的速度旋轉。in

6、 order to 為了 efficiently 有效率地 relatively 相關的，相對的6In a diesel engine, _ offers the heat energy directly; _ works as working medium and changes the heat energy to mechanical energy. A. the burning of the fuel; medium shaftB. fuel spray; fresh air C. fuel; fuel spray D. the burning of the fuel, the bur

7、ned gas mixture答案D 在柴油機里，燃油的燃燒直接提供了熱能，而燃燒過的氣體混合物則作為工作介質將熱能轉變為機械能（即推動活塞做往復運動）。 working medium 工作介質 change to 將轉變為 the burned gas mixture 燃燒過的氣體混合物，即燃氣7In a diesel engine, _ works as working medium and changes the heat energy to mechanical energy, _ changes the reciprocating movement to rotary movemen

8、t. A. fuel spray; the burning of the fuel B. the burned gas mixture; connecting rod C. medium shaft; crankshaft D. the burned gas mixture; piston rod答案B 在柴油機里，燃氣作為工作介質并將熱能轉換為機械能，連桿則將往復運動轉換為回轉運動。working medium 工作介質 change to 將轉變為the burned gas mixture 燃燒過的氣體混合物，即燃氣 reciprocating movement 往復運動 rotary

9、movement 回轉運動8One of the differences between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine is , _.A. a two-stroke engine works without exhaust operation B. a two-stroke engine works without compression strokeC. a two-stroke engine works without expansion stroke D. a two-stroke engine works without su

10、ction operation答案D 二沖程和四沖程柴油機的區別之一是：二沖程機工作中沒有吸氣過程。9One of the differences between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine is , _.A. a two-stroke engine cant work without cylinders B. a two-stroke engine cant work without pistonsC. a two-stroke engine cant work without crankshafts D. a two-strok

11、e engine cant work without a blower答案D 二沖程機和四沖程機區別之一是：二沖程機工作離不開應急鼓風機。blower 鼓風機，船舶主機一般另外配備有一臺應急鼓風機，在起動和低負荷時，由于廢氣能量不足，廢氣渦輪增壓器不能產生充足的增壓空氣，故需要一臺電力驅動的應急鼓風機。 10In a diesel engine, when the fuel is injected into the cylinder, _.A. the piston is just coming upward from the bottom dead center. B. the piston

12、 has moved about one-fifth of the way up.C. the piston has moved most of the way up and almost reached the TDC. D. the piston has just past the TDC.答案C 活塞走完了上行的大部分沖程，快到達上止點前，燃油被噴射入氣缸。most of the way 大部分路，大部分沖程 up 上行 TDC 上止點11_ is the main reason that reduces the power advantage of a two-stroke engin

13、e over a same size four-stroke one to about_. A. Inefficient scavenging; twice B. Inefficient scavenging; 1.8 timesC. Fewer strokes in a circle; twice D. Fewer strokes in a circle; 1.8 times答案B 掃氣不充分是將二沖程機相對同尺寸四沖程機的功率優勢降低到大約1.8倍的主要原因。（從理論上講，二沖程機產生的功率是同尺寸四沖程機的2倍） power advantage 功率優勢 inefficient scav

14、enging 不充分的掃氣12If the engine is naturally aspirated or is a small high-speed type with a centrifugal turbocharger, the period of valve overlap, i.e. when both valves are _, will be _, and the exhaust valve will close some 10°_ top dead center.A. open; short; after B. closed; short; after C. ope

15、n; long; before D. closed; long; before答案A 如果柴油機是自然吸氣型，或者是帶有離心式廢氣渦輪增壓器的小型高速機，則其氣閥重疊角，即兩個閥同時開啟的時間，會比較短，而且排氣閥將在上止點后10度左右關閉。naturally aspirated 自然吸氣 turbocharger 廢氣渦輪增壓器 period of valve overlap 氣閥重疊的時期，即氣閥重疊角13In a two-stroke engine, there are always a series of openings known as _, and in some circums

16、tances, there are also openings known as _, in the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box.A. scavenging air ports; exhaust ports B. inlet ports; scavenging air portsC. scavenging air ports; inlet ports D. exhaust ports; inlet ports答案A 對于二沖程柴油機來說，有一圈開口稱為掃氣口，在有些情況下，還存在有排氣口。（掃氣口和排氣口）開

17、在掃氣箱內的氣缸套上。 scavenging air ports 掃氣口 circumstance 環境, 詳情, 境況 scavenging air box 掃氣箱14In some type of two-stroke engines, besides some small holes for _, starting valve, safety valve, indicator cock, and so on, there is a large central opening in each cylinder cover for mounting the _.A. fuel valves;

18、 exhaust valve B. exhaust valves; inlet valveC. fuel valves; inlet valve D. exhaust valves; fuel valve答案A 有些類型的二沖程柴油機，除了一些小孔用于安裝噴油器、氣缸起動閥、安全閥、示功考克等，氣缸蓋中心還有一個大的開口用于安裝排氣閥。fuel valve 噴油器 indicator cock 示功考克，示功閥 說明：直流掃氣的二沖程柴油機氣缸蓋上有排氣閥15In a two-stroke engine, the piston consists of a lower part, which i

19、s named as _ and usually made of _, and a upper part, which is referred to as _ and made of _. A. low-half, cast iron; top-half, heat-resistant steel B. low-half, aluminum; top-half, stainless steelC. piston skirt; cast iron; piston crown; heat-resistant steel D. piston skirt; aluminum; piston crown

20、; stainless steel答案C 二沖程柴油機的活塞包含有兩部分，下半部分稱為活塞裙，通常由鑄鐵制成；上半部分稱為活塞頭，通常由耐熱鋼制成。 be named as = be referred to as 被稱為 piston skirt 活塞裙 piston crown 活塞頂，活塞頭 heat-resistant steel 耐熱鋼16In order to keep the oil film on the cylinder liner during the running-in period, the piston rings are slightly rounded _.A.

21、on both the external and internal top edges B. on both the external top and bottom edgesC. on both the external and internal bottom edges D. on all the four edges答案B 為了在磨合期內維持氣缸套上油膜的存在，活塞環外邊緣的上部和下部都稍稍開有倒角。oil film 潤滑油膜 running-in period 磨合期 slightly 輕微的，稍微的 round作動詞用，開倒角，即把活塞環外邊緣上部和下部的棱角磨圓 external

22、外部的，外面的17In order to control thermal stresses, some types of modern engines use pistons with _.A. heavy wall and intensive cooling B. heavy wall and no coolingC. thin wall and no cooling D. thin wall and intensive cooling答案D 為了控制熱應力，一些類型的現代柴油機采用薄壁強冷的活塞。thermal stress 熱應力 thin wall 薄壁 intensive cooli

23、ng 強烈的冷卻18In order to improve the working conditions of the crosshead bearings, the bearing pressure is made _ and the peripheral speed is made _ in later designs. A. smaller, higher B. higher, smallerC. smaller, smaller D. higher, higher 答案A為了改善十字頭軸承的工作環境，在后來的一些設計里，軸承壓力被做的更小，而邊緣速度更高（有利于油膜的分布）。perip

24、heral speed 圓周速度, 邊緣速率，指十字頭銷與軸瓦的相對運動速度19When the heavy fuel oil is heated to achieve the viscosity of 10-15 cSt, _ may occur. To avoid this, a _ system is used in most occasions. A. boiling and cavitations; low temperatureB. boiling and cavitations; pressurized C. leaking and boiling; low temperatur

25、e D. leaking and boiling; pressurized答案B 當重油被加熱，粘度達到10-15 cSt，可能會發生沸騰和氣穴現象。為了避免這種現象的出現，大部分情況下都使用燃油加壓系統。 boiling and cavitations 沸騰和氣穴pressurize增壓，使.加壓 occasion 場合, 時機, 機會20The fuel from the bunker tanks must be treated by _ before entering the service tanks, from where the fuel enters _. A. centrifu

26、gal separators; the engine cylinder B. oily water separators; the engine cylinderC. oily water separators; the fuel supply system D. centrifuges; the fuel supply system答案D來自燃油艙的油料在進入日用柜之前必須由分油機凈化處理，離開日用油柜后燃油即進入供油系統。bunker tank 燃油艙，燃料艙 centrifuge 離心分離機，即分油機 service tank 日用油柜fuel supply system 供油系統（柴油

27、機的燃油系統分為供油系統和噴油系統）21A full-flow 50um filter is installed _, so the injection system components on the main engine are safeguarded.A. as close to the main engine as possible B. as close to the main pump as possibleC. just before the fuel valve D. just before the booster pump答案A 一個完全流通的過濾精度為50微米的濾器被設置

28、在盡可能靠近主機的地方，從而保護了噴油系統的部件（不受燃油中雜質的傷害）。full-flow 完全流通 50um 50微米 as close to as possible 離盡可能近 safeguard 維護, 保護, 捍衛22The booster pump, which supplies diesel oil to _, should have a possibility of being powered by compressed air or by emergency power. A. the main engines B. the auxiliary enginesC. the e

29、mergency generator engine D. the auxiliary engines and the main engine(s)答案B 輸送柴油給副機的增壓泵，應當可以用壓縮空氣或應急電源驅動。booster pump 增壓泵 auxiliary engine 發電原動機，副機 be powered 被用動力驅動，被推動 emergency power 應急電源23_ is harmful for fuel pumps, fuel valves, cylinder liner, exhaust valve seats, and the turbocharger blades

30、as well.A. Bad combustion of the fuel B. Bad atomization of the fuelC. Liquid contaminants D. Solid contaminants答案D 固體污染物對高壓油泵、噴油器、氣缸套、排氣閥座以及渦輪增壓器葉片是有害的。solid contaminants 固體污染物 fuel pump 高壓油泵 fuel valve 噴油器exhaust valve seat 排氣閥座 turbocharger blade 廢氣渦輪增壓器葉片24As an alternative to the conventional s

31、eawater cooling system, _ is based on _ principles about cooler locations, flow control and preheating, but with a central cooler and one additional set of pumps.A. the central cooling system, different B. the central cooling system, the sameC. the open cooling system, different D. the open cooling

32、system, the same答案B 作為替代傳統海水冷卻系統的選擇，中央冷卻系統在冷卻器的安裝地點、流量控制和預熱方面基于的是相同的原理，但是多了一個中央冷卻器和一套額外的水泵。 alternative 二中擇一, 可供選擇的辦法, 事物conventional 慣例的, 常規的, 習俗的, 傳統的 principle 法則, 原則, 原理base on 基于 central cooler 中央冷卻器 a set of 一套25An alarm device inserted between the deaerating tank and the expansion tank can no

33、tify the on-watching crew that _.A. the expansion tank is lack of water B. the expansion tank is over flowingC. there is something wrong with the cooling system D. there is something wrong with the engine答案D 除氣柜和膨脹水箱之間的警報裝置可以提醒值班人員柴油機出現了故障。deaerating tank 脫, 除氣槽，除氣柜 expansion tank 膨脹水箱 notify 通知，通報

34、on-watching crew 值班船員26The _ cooling system needs least maintenance work for _ in this kind of system.A. open, the minimum components B. open, the high cooling efficiencyC. central, there are more coolers and a extra set of pumps D. central, there is only one component contacts seawater答案D 中央冷卻系統（相對

35、其它冷卻系統）需要最少的維護保養工作，因為該系統只有一個部件（中央冷卻器）需要與海水接觸。 central cooling system 中央冷卻系統 least 最少的 component 部件，成分27About the jacket water, that of the auxiliary engines usually is circulated by _ pumps, and the main engine usually _. A. an engine-driven, as well B. an engine-driven, has an independent pumpC. an

36、 independent, as well D. an independent, has an engine-driven pump答案B 對于缸套水來講，副機的缸套水通常由機帶泵帶動循環，主機則通常有獨立的缸套水泵。jacket water 缸套水 engine-driven pump 發動機驅動的泵，機帶泵 independent 獨立自主的, 不受約束的28In order to maintain a constant outlet water temperature of 80-85 from the engine, a three-way valve is installed _.A

37、. at the jacket cooler outlet to control the flux through the engine C. at the engine outlet to control the flux through the engineB. at the jacket cooler outlet to control the flux through the cooler D. at the engine inlet to control the flux through the engine答案B 為了使柴油機冷卻水出口溫度維持在恒定的80-85，缸套水冷卻器出口安

38、裝有一個三通閥以控制冷卻器的通流量。 constant 恒定的，不變的 jacket cooler 缸套水冷卻器 flux 流量，通量29In modern installations, the main engine and the standby auxiliary engines _.A. can be started at low temperature and are free from preheating B. usually are preheated by steam before being startedC. are kept at a constant temperat

39、ure and free from preheating D. are kept at a low temperature to save energy答案C 現代化船舶的主機和備用副機冷卻水溫度保持恒定，不需要預熱。 standby auxiliary engine 備用副機be kept at a constant temperature 被保持在一個恒定的溫度 free from preheating 不需要預熱30A marine diesel engine is started by _. A. supplying high pressure oil into a hydraulic

40、 motorB. supplying high temperature air into the cylinder C. supplying high pressure air into the cylinder D. electrical igniting答案C 柴油機通過提供壓力很高的壓縮空氣進入氣缸實現起動。high pressure air 高壓空氣，儲存在氣瓶的起動空氣31The starting air system of an engine on board usually has interlocks in order to _.A. ensure a successful s

41、hutting down at emergency conditions B. ensure a successful starting at emergency conditionsC. prevent the engine from starting at some abnormal conditions D. prevent the engine from starting at emergency conditions答案C 船用柴油機的起動空氣系統通常有聯鎖裝置用于防止柴油機在不正常的情況下起動。interlock 聯鎖 in order to 為了 prevent from 阻止做

42、 abnormal 反常的，異常的32In the starting system, the automatic valve is controlled by _, and the cylinder start valves are controlled by _.A. pilot air; pilot air B. handle; solenoid C. handle, pilot air coming through the distributorD. solenoid; pilot air coming through the distributor distributor 起動空氣分配

43、器答案A 在起動空氣系統內，自動閥（主起動閥）是由控制空氣控制的，氣缸起動閥也是由控制空氣控制的。automatic valve 自動閥，特指主起動閥 pilot air 控制空氣 cylinder start valve 氣缸起動閥 solenoid 螺線管33The starting air entering the cylinder begins when the piston _.A. has nearly come to the TDC B. has just past the TDC C. has nearly come to the BDC D. has just past th

44、e BDC答案B 活塞剛經過上止點后，起動空氣開始進入氣缸。 past 超過，經過34When starting an engine, the compressed air enters the cylinder when the corresponding piston is in position of its _.A. suction stroke B. compression stroke C. power stroke D. exhaust stroke答案C 起動柴油機時，只有相應的活塞處于動力沖程的時候，壓縮空氣才進入氣缸。corresponding 相應的 in positio

45、n of 處于的位置 power stroke 動力沖程，做功行程35When an engine is starting and has got a sufficiently high speed, say about 20 rpm, _.A. the starting air supply is cut off and fuel is injected into the cylinders.B. the fuel feeding is cut off and the turning gear is put in. C. the starting air supply is cut off

46、and the turning gear is taken out.D. the electric blower is shut down and fuel is injected into the cylinders.答案A 當柴油機被起動并達到了一個足夠高的轉速，比方說大約20轉/分鐘，起動空氣的供應就被切斷，燃油被噴射入氣缸。 sufficiently 十分地, 充分地 say 比方說 about 大約 cut off 切斷，斷絕36The air distributor is conventionally driven by _ and distributes _ into each

47、cylinder by certain sequence.A. camshaft; fresh air B. camshaft; starting air C. electronic motor which is controlled by a computer; fresh airD. electronic motor which is controlled by a computer; starting air答案B 起動空氣分配器傳統上是由凸輪軸驅動，以一定順序將起動空氣分配到各個氣缸。air distributor 空氣分配器 conventionally 按照慣例, 照傳統 dist

48、ribute 分發, 分配 by certain sequence 以特定的次序37The following options are all the functions of lubricating oil except _.A. removing heat and deposits B. neutralizing acidic C. lubricating D. improving combustion efficiency答案D 下列各項哪一項不屬于潤滑油的功能？提高燃燒效率不屬于潤滑油功能。選項A帶走熱量和沉積物；選項B中和酸性；選項C潤滑；這三項都屬于潤滑油的功能。38_ diese

49、l engines generally have two systems of lubrication: a total loss system feeding _ and a circulating system lubricating the running gear and cooling the pistons.A. Large crosshead type, crosshead B. High speed, the cylindersC. Large crosshead type, the cylinders D. Four-stroke, pistons and cylinders

50、答案C 大型十字頭式柴油機通常有兩路潤滑系統，全損失系統用于向氣缸供油，循環系統則潤滑運動部件和冷卻活塞。crosshead 十字頭 total loss system 全損失系統，即氣缸油系統 circulating system 循環系統，即曲軸箱油系統39In some diesel engine designs, the injection of cylinder oil is timed to impinge when the piston _ and only impinge on _. A. is coming upward, cylinder ring belt B. is g

51、oing downward, piston ring beltC. is coming upward, piston ring belt D. is going downward, cylinder ring belt答案C 在一些柴油機的設計里，氣缸油的注入是被定時的，當活塞上行時氣缸油被噴濺到活塞環帶。injection of cylinder oil 氣缸油的注入 be timed 被定時 impinge 噴濺，撞擊 piston ring belt 活塞環帶40Large crosshead type engine generally has two lubrication syste

52、ms, a function performed only by cylinder oil system is _. A. lubricating B. cooling C. sealing D. cleaning答案A （答案錯，應為C） 大型十字頭式柴油機通常有兩路潤滑系統，有一項功能是氣缸油系統所獨有的：密封。perform履行, 執行 a function performed only by cylinder oil system 僅由氣缸油系統履行的一項功能 sealing 密封41Large crosshead type engine generally has two lubrication systems, a function performed only by crankcase oil system is _. A. lubricating B. cooling C. cleaning D. neutralizing neutralizing 酸堿中和答案B 大型十字頭式柴油機通常有兩路潤滑系統，有一項功能是曲軸箱油系統所獨有的：冷卻。perform履行, 執行 a function performed only by crankcase oil system 僅由曲軸箱油系