1、第四章 確定詞義，表達(dá)得體 Diction (選詞用字/確定詞義)the choice and use of words (措詞), the choice of style and manner of speaking and writing(風(fēng)格,筆調(diào)). 1. A Brief Comparison and Contrast between English and Chinese at Word Level1). Word-for-word Correspondence (詞字對(duì)等詞字對(duì)等) a. computational linguistics: 計(jì)算機(jī)語言學(xué) b. typhoon: 臺(tái)

2、風(fēng) c. 微型汽車(面包車) minibus 2). One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning (多詞同義多詞同義) a. marriage娶，嫁 b .gun槍，炮 c. 人human being, man, people, person d. 小small, little, tiny3). One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings (一詞多義一詞多義) a. soft: (soft record, soft intelligence) 軟的 b .笑sm

3、ile, giggle, chuckle, sneer, grin c. 機(jī)machine, engine, plane, aircraft d. 羊sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb4). Equivalents Interwoven with One Another (同義交織同義交織) 說，談，講say, tell, speak, talk5). Words without Equivalents (無對(duì)等詞語無對(duì)等詞語) a.妯娌 wives of brothers/sisters-in-law b.連襟 husbands of sisters/brothers-i

4、n-law c. beddo 多用途的床 d. teenager 青少年（13-18）第一節(jié)第一節(jié) 確定詞義確定詞義1). Know a word by its part of speech and its function in a sentence before choosing its adequate meaning (按照按照詞類確定詞義詞類確定詞義) (1) right a). It is not right for children to sit up late. b). The plane was right above our heads. c). In the negati

5、ve, right and left, and black and white are reversed. d). She tried to right her husband from the charge of theft (2) 頭頭 a). 她正在梳頭。 She is combing her hair. b). 他們是一頭的。 They are on the same side. c). 這還是我頭一次來杭州呢。 This is the first time I have been in Hangzhou.d). 他們有三十頭牛。 They have thirty head of ca

6、ttle. 2). Refer to the context before choosing suitable meanings (聯(lián)系上下文選用詞義聯(lián)系上下文選用詞義)“Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” (1). figure a). The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures.b). Dr. Eliot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning. c). On the desk

7、there was a bronze figure of Shakespeare. d). He saw dim figures moving towards him. e). Mary was good at figure skating. (2). 情況情況 a)、在這種情況下 under such circumstances/such being the case b)、這種情況必須改變。 This state of affairs must change. c)、現(xiàn)在情況不同了。 Now things are different. d)、情況怎么樣？ How do matters st

8、and?e)、我們應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)具體情況做出決定。 We should make decisions in accordance with specific conditions. f)、他問起了她的健康情況情況。 He inquired after her health. g)、前線有什么情況？ How is the situation at the front? h)、前面有情況，做好戰(zhàn)斗準(zhǔn)備。 There is enemy activity ahead, prepare for combat. (3)、水平、水平 a). 理論水平 the theoretical level b). 生活水平

9、the living standard c). 文化水平 the cultural level/ standard of understanding d). 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平 the art of leadership3). Note the collocations and usages before choosing the meanings of words involved (根據(jù)詞語的搭配與用法根據(jù)詞語的搭配與用法理解詞義理解詞義)Man a). Officers and men 官和兵b). His man Friday 他的仆人禮拜五c). man-of-war 戰(zhàn)艦d). Be a m

10、an! 要像個(gè)男子漢！(2). community a). the business community 商業(yè)界b). community of ideas 共同的理想c). the international community 國(guó)際社會(huì)d). the Atlantic Community 大西洋集團(tuán)e). a speech community 語言社區(qū) (3)老老 a). 老毛病 a chronic ailment b). 老部下 a former subordinate c). 老式樣 old-fashioned d). 老領(lǐng)導(dǎo) a senior leader e). 老師傅 a master craftsman f). 老閨女 the youngest daughter g). 老黃牛 a willing ox h). 老皇歷 last years calenda