1、孔子簡介孔子簡介 the brief of Confucius 孔子（公元前551年公元前479年）是中國最著名的人物。作為儒家創始人，他的思想一直在中國有著深遠的影響。但孔子不是他的原名，而是一種尊稱，是孔夫子的拉丁文?？鬃有湛酌?，字仲尼，出生在魯國陬邑（今山東曲阜東南）。 u Confucius (551 B.C479 B.C.) is one of the most famous Chinese people. u As the founder of Confucianism, his thought has exerted a deep influence on China and

2、its people. u But Confucius was not his real name. It was a courtesy title, a Latinized form of “Kong Fuzi”, meaning “Master Kong”. u His family name was Kong and his given name, Qiu. And he styled himself Zhongni. He was born at Zouyi, the State of Lu. Legend says that Confucius has three thousand

3、disciples, of which 72 are sages. After Confucius died, his disciples and the disciples disciples recorded the saying and thought of Confucius and his disciples, sorting into the Confucian classic named the Analects of Confucius. 相傳他有弟子三千，其中七十二賢人。孔子去世后，其弟子及其再傳弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行語錄和思想記錄下來，整理編成儒家經典論語。 The Co

4、nfucian thought has far-reaching influence on China and the world, Confucius is listed as the worlds top ten cultural celebrities. 其儒家思想對中國和世界都有深遠的影響，孔子被列為“世界十大文化名人”之首。 As one of the greatest thinker, educator, philosopher and the founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism in the history of Ch

5、ina, Confucius legacy lies in the following three aspects: 作為中國歷史上偉大的思想家、教育家、哲學家和儒家及儒學的創始人，孔子為后人留下了寶貴的遺產，主要體現在三個方面： Firstly, he compiled and preserved the literary works, The Six Classics, including Shi, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chun Qiu, which are regarded as the classics of Confucianism. The accomplis

6、hment makes a large impact on the succession and development of the traditional Chinese culture. 首先，他整理了詩、書、禮、樂、易、春秋六部文獻，被后代奉為儒家經典，合稱“六經”，為傳統文化的繼承和發展做出了巨大的貢獻。 Secondly, Confucius built up a system of philosophical thoughts with Ren as its basic virtue. This virtue is the central theme of his Analect

7、s. He considered Ren as the first and highest criterion of mans behavior and the core of morality. 第二，建立了一套以“仁”為核心的思想體系，這集中體現在論語一書中。 他認為“仁”是人的最高道德境界，是道德的核心內容，包括孝、弟（悌）、恕、禮、恭、信、知、勇等內容。 Ren meant to “love other men”.For the person who have Ren, if treat others with generous,others will reward you Ren;

8、if tforbear others, others will forbear you. “仁”就是“愛人”?！胺蛉收?，己欲立而立人，己欲達而達人”（此句意指：仁愛之人，自己決定對人建立仁愛之心，別人才會對你仁愛，自己決定對人寬容，別人才會對你寬容。 Thirdly, Confucius established private schools, creating a scientific educational system.Confucius also held the idea that everyone should be educated regardless of his socia

9、l status. 第三，辦私學，創立了科學的教育思想體系。孔子提出“有教無類”。 In educational practice, he created flexible teaching methods, promoting the combination of learning and thinking, learning and reviewing as well as teaching and learning. He emphasized on individualized and heuristic teaching . These ideas are still of grea

10、t significance in practice today. 在教育實踐中創立了靈活多樣的教學方法，提倡“學”與“思”結合，學習與復習結合以及教與學結合，講求因材施教和啟發式教學等。這些思想，直到今天還有其現實意義。u己所不欲，勿施于人。己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.u言必信，行必果。言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.u四海之內皆兄弟也；四海之內皆兄弟也； All Men Are Brothers.u有朋自遠方來

11、，不亦樂乎；有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎； Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? u禮之用，和為貴。禮之用，和為貴。The most valuable use of the rites is to achieve harmony.Confuciuss sayings： u知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼。知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼。A wise man will not confused, a kindhearted man wont worried, a brave man is not afraid.u

12、 子曰：子曰：“三人行，必有我師焉。擇其善者而從之，其不善者三人行，必有我師焉。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而改之。而改之?！?Confucius said: When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them。 u子曰：子曰：“學而時習之，不亦說（學而時習之，不亦說（yu）乎？有）乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂（朋自遠方來，不亦樂（l）乎？人不知

13、而不慍）乎？人不知而不慍（yn），不亦君子乎？），不亦君子乎？” Confucius said: ls it not delightful to learn and constantly review? Is it not very happy to have like-minded friends come from afar ? Others do not understand(know) me, but I will not grudge (angry), am I not a gentleman?u子曰：子曰：“學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆?！盋onfucius said: Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.u子曰：子曰：“由！誨汝知之乎！知之為知之，由！誨汝知之乎！知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也。不知為不知，是知也。”Confucius said to a disciple, Shall I teach you what is understanding(know)? To know what it is that you know, and not to know what it is that you d