1、 Composting (Fermentation) process for Agaricus Mushrooms雙孢蘑菇的堆料（發酵）過程雙孢蘑菇的堆料（發酵）過程Jos Buth Mushroom Advice Network蘑菇服務網絡Holland荷蘭Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industrySome of the keys for good results獲得良好結果的一些關鍵點獲得良好結果的一些關鍵點 A good composting process start with a good

2、pre wetting from good raw materials 良好的堆料過程以優質原料以及良好的預濕為開始After pre wetting is mixing very important 預濕之后的混合十分重要A good aeration in all moments of the process! 整個過程的任何時刻都要有良好的通風！Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry What is really good mixing?什么是真正的良好混合？什么是真正的良好混合？Even

3、flow from raw materials mixing together 首先開始于原料的充分混合Optimal phase I process start with mixing, mixing, mixing 最佳的一次發酵以充分的混合為開始Mixing dont attack the structure too much during the first stage of phase I 在一次發酵的第一階段，混合過程不能破壞原料的結構Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Mixin

4、g of chicken manure混合雞糞混合雞糞Chicken manure has to be fine and less than 40% moister for a good mixing quality 雞糞顆粒必須細小，且為保證良好的混合質量，濕度不得低于40%Take care with water and chicken manure 注意水與雞糞的比例All chicken manure in the first mixing? 在第一次混合時便加入所有的雞糞？Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushr

5、oom industryWork with fine chicken manure處理細小的雞糞處理細小的雞糞Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryWork with fine chicken manure處理細小的雞糞處理細小的雞糞Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryDSCF0240.JPGRaw material mixing systems原料混合系統原料混合系統 Simple and che

6、ap (Third world countries) 簡單且便宜（第三世界國家）Hopper with conveyer belt plus spinner 帶有傳送帶與旋床的料斗Mixing lines (Expensive but high capacity) 混合流水線（價格昂貴但是容量大）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryMixing systems混合系統混合系統 Simple, cheap and good mixing簡單，便宜，良好混合簡單，便宜，良好混合Cheap way o

7、f filling in Bunkers Brazil一種在料倉中填料的廉價方式，巴西一種在料倉中填料的廉價方式，巴西Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryMixing systems混合系統混合系統 Pannell mixing machine USA美國美國Pannell 混合機器混合機器 Mixing the raw material sandwich混合原料混合原料（層層堆料，不同層堆放不同的原料）（層層堆料，不同層堆放不同的原料）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraini

8、ng and Advice for the mushroom industryModern mixing systems 現代混合系統現代混合系統 Part of modern mixing line Ontario Canada現代混合流水線的一部分，加現代混合流水線的一部分，加拿大安大略拿大安大略Bale cutting line (Ontario)捆扎切割流水線（安大略）捆扎切割流水線（安大略）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryModern mixing line現代混合流水線現代混合流

9、水線 Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryMixing line (USA)混合流水線（美國）混合流水線（美國） Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryTurner (USA) 翻料機（美國）翻料機（美國） Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Inside a turner翻料機內部翻料機內部 Dr

10、um圓桶圓桶Spinner after the drum圓桶后的旋床圓桶后的旋床Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Spinners are necessary旋床是必需的旋床是必需的What is a spinner? 什么是旋床？What is a good spinner?什么是好的旋床？ Frequency drivers on spinners旋床上的頻率驅動器 Possibility to take the spinner out by short structure 通過短結構而

11、將旋床帶出的可能性 Right teeths正確的齒輪Good mixing start with spinners 良好的混合以旋床為開始Are more spinners necessary? 需要更多的旋床嗎？Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Influence of spinners!旋床的影響旋床的影響 Spinners on the right place在正確位置的旋床在正確位置的旋床Spinner axe旋轉斧旋轉斧Mushroom Advice NetworkTrainin

12、g and Advice for the mushroom industry Incubation results培養結果培養結果 Nice incubation after good mixing of raw materials原料良好混合之后菌絲良好原料良好混合之后菌絲良好的生長狀態的生長狀態Bad incubation, bad mixing of raw materials could be the reason菌絲長勢不良，原因可能是菌絲長勢不良，原因可能是原料沒有進行良好混合原料沒有進行良好混合Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice

13、for the mushroom industryGood results only possible by a good phase I process 只有一次發酵進行良好才能種出優質只有一次發酵進行良好才能種出優質菇菇 Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Mixing Influence by filling填料對混合造成的影響填料對混合造成的影響Overhead filler = raw mixing system 高架填料器=原料混合系統Bring ends of bunkers e

14、n ricks over the rest of the compost 料倉兩端的堆料與其他部分的堆料不同Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryMixing influence during filling填料對混合造成的影響填料對混合造成的影響Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Water management澆水澆水Water never or very less during mixing

15、 chicken manure 在混合雞糞時候從不或很少澆水Watering in combination with spinners is always better 澆水時結合旋床，效果會更好Water not too much in one move after the pre wet time 在預濕之后不要澆太多水Water / structure / aeration 水/結構/通風Water / anaerobe compost 水/厭氧堆料Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry M

16、ake extra attention for good water management 要額外注意澆水管理要額外注意澆水管理Even with Turners you need extra attention 即使有翻料機也即使有翻料機也需額外注意需額外注意Overhead filler = raw mixing systemOptimal water systems necessary最佳注水系統是必需的最佳注水系統是必需的Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryWhat is ferment

17、ation? 什么是發酵？什么是發酵？ Breakdown from organic raw materials 分解自有機原料Biologic and chemical process 生物和化學過程Preparing of a food bottom for Mushrooms 為蘑菇生長建立營養基礎Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Developing during fermentation發酵進程發酵進程Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advi

18、ce for the mushroom industry新鮮秸稈新鮮秸稈濕潤之后濕潤之后 混合雞糞之后混合雞糞之后填入料倉后填入料倉后填入料倉填入料倉4天天后的變化后的變化填入料倉填入料倉8天后天后 What needs a good fermentation processafter a good pre wetting and perfect mixing?進行良好的預濕和混合之后，良好的發酵過程需要進行良好的預濕和混合之后，良好的發酵過程需要什么？什么？Optimal filling quality 最佳的填料質量Balance between water, dry org matter

19、 and oxygen 平衡水、干物質與氧氣間比例Enough Oxygen 充足的氧氣Compost temperature fast to 80 Degrees and higher 堆料溫度需快速升溫至80度甚至更高Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry What needs a good fermentation process?良好的發酵過程需要什么？良好的發酵過程需要什么？Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushro

20、om industryFermentation systems 發酵系統發酵系統Tunnels (Close system) 隧道（封閉系統）Bunkers (Open and close systems) 料倉（開放與封閉系統）(What is) indoor? （什么是）室內？Outdoor 戶外Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFermentation systems 發酵系統發酵系統 Phase I in Tunnels (CNC Holland)一次發酸隧道（荷蘭計算機一次發酸隧道（

21、荷蘭計算機數控）數控）Bunker system (Denmark)料倉系統（丹麥）料倉系統（丹麥）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFermentation systems發酵系統發酵系統Spigot floor Tunnels 通風嘴地板隧道通風嘴地板隧道Open tunnel floor 開放式隧道地板開放式隧道地板Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFermentation system

22、s發酵系統發酵系統 Indoor facility CNC Holland荷蘭荷蘭CNC公司室內設施公司室內設施Capacity 8000 ton phase III compost / week每周生產每周生產8000噸三次發酵堆肥噸三次發酵堆肥Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryOutdoor facility in the USA戶外設施，美國戶外設施，美國In the USA is odor still not a problem 在美國，臭味仍舊是個問題在美國，臭味仍舊是個問題Mush

23、room Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFermentation systems發酵系統發酵系統 Filling systems 填料系統填料系統Filling conveyers填料輸送帶填料輸送帶Filling cassette with conveyer belt system裝配傳送帶的填裝配傳送帶的填料系統料系統Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryFilling systems填料系統填料系統 Ov

24、erhead filling system高架填料系統高架填料系統Bunker filler (Hopper with conveyer belt)料倉填料器（含傳送帶式料斗）料倉填料器（含傳送帶式料斗）Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industry Controlling systems in Bunkers料倉中的控制系統料倉中的控制系統Complete computer controlled完全電腦控制 aeration depend of compost temperatures根據堆料溫度進行通

25、風 aeration with oxygen measuring influence利用氧氣測定感應進行通風Stop and go timer 時間控制器 too much manual controlling太多人工控制Frequency drivers頻率驅動器Mushroom Advice NetworkTraining and Advice for the mushroom industryWhat on the end of the Bunkers process? 料倉中的料倉中的 最終操作？最終操作？More aeration the last hours in Bunkers by high Ammonia 料倉中發酵產生大量氨氣，最后幾個小時需要更多的通風How you empty? 怎樣排空？ Loaders with closed buckets鏟斗封閉的裝載機 Loaders with teeth buckets鏟斗帶齒的