1、學習必備歡迎下載語法專項II動詞一.動詞是表示動作或處于某種狀態的詞，它分為行為動詞，系動詞、助動詞和情態動詞，動詞種類多，變化又復雜，是學習英語的難點之一，下面根據動詞的特點進行歸類，并提供一些辨別方法，以便于理解和掌握。1 .行為動詞在動詞中數量最多，它含有實在的意義（又叫實義動詞），表示動作或狀態，在句中可以單獨作謂語，行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞后面必須加賓語，意義才完整，不及物動詞后面不能直接帶賓語，常需要在賓語前加介詞才能帶賓語。eg:WestudyEnglishveryhard.Shehasabookinherhand.Thesunrisesintheeast.2

2、 .連系動詞本身有一定詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構成謂語，常見的連系動詞有：be,look,sound,get,become等。eg:Myparentsarebothfarmers.Themilktastesterrible.Thesongsoundsgood.3 .助動詞本身無詞義，不能獨立作謂語，必須和主要動詞構成謂語，表示疑問，否定，時態或其它語法形式。常見的助動詞有：be,have,do,will,shall等。eg:Doyouhaveabrother?HaveyougotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary?Ididn'tgotothecinem

3、ayesterday.4 .情態動詞本身有詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語，表示說話者的語氣和情態，情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化，情態動詞本身可以構成疑問和否定，常見的情態動詞有：can,may,must,will,shall,need等。eg:CanyousingtheEnglishsong?Everyonemustgettoschoolontime.二.動詞的時態：（一）時態概述：作謂語的動詞用來表示動作（情況）發生時間的各種形式稱為時態，英語中的時態，就是通過特殊的動詞詞尾或加一些相關的助動詞be,have（has）等，用來表示動作或事件發生的不同時間和方面。eg:Her

4、eadsnewspaperseveryday.Hereadthenewspaperyesterday.Heisgoingtoreadthenewspapertomorrow.學習必備歡迎下載（二）一般現在時：1. 動詞變化：一般現在時主要用動詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數后要加詞尾-s,另外be和have有特殊的人稱形式。在加，尾-s時要注意：情況加法例詞一般情況加-sreads,writes,says以ch,sh,s,x,或o收尾的詞加-esteaches,washes,guesses,fixesgoes以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞變y為i再加-estrytriescarrycarries狹日：情

5、況讀法例詞在ptkf等清輔音后shelps,hates,asks,laughs在sztJd3等音后izfaces,rises,wishes,watches,urges在其他情況下zplans,cries,shows2. 一般現在時主要表示：(1)經常性或習慣性的動作，常與這樣的時間狀語連用：always,often,usually,sometimes等eg:Wealwayshelpeachother.Itoftensnowsinwinter.Igetupearlyeverymorning.(2)表示主語現在的特征、性格、能力等。eg:Helovessports.Janeisanoutgoing

6、girl.TomandTimbothhavemediumheight.(3)表示客觀、普遍真理eg:Twoandfourmakessix.Waterboilsat100cThemoonmovesroundtheearth.3. 一般現在時的疑問句一般以在句首加助動詞do,does的方式構成。第三人稱單數加does,其他加do,這時動詞一概用原形；動詞be只需與主語位置對調就行了。eg:DoyoulikeEnglish?Dotheyhavestorybooks?Whatdoesshedoeveryevening?Issheathome?AreyougoodatEnglish?學習必備歡迎下載4.

7、 一般現在時的否定式是donot(don')t或doesnot(doesn')t+動詞原形來構成的,be動詞做謂語動詞只需在be后加not構成否定。eg:Idon'tlikeorangesatall.Shedoesn'tworkintheTVstation.Theyaren'tstudents.I'mnotbusyeveryweekend.現在進行時：的規則如下:1 .動詞變化：現在進行時由"am/is/are+動詞現在分詞”構成。加-ing(1) 一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。如：staystayinglistenlisteningw

8、orkworkinglooklooking(2)以不發音的字母dodoingsuffersufferingspendspendingmakemakinggivegivingpleasepleasingcloseclosinge結尾的動詞，先去掉e,再加-ing。如:taketakingrideridingrefuserefusingoperateoperating(3)以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing。如:putputtingrunrunningbeginbeginning2.現在進行時的用法sitsittingwinwinning(1)表示說話時正在進行或發

9、生的動作，這時可以不用時間狀語，也可以和present,atthemoment等時間狀語連用。有時用一個動詞，如look(看)，now,atlisten(聽)。時。eg:Whatareyoureadingnow?Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.(2)表示當前一段時期的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。eg:Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays.Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking.(3)表示最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作。現在進行時有時可表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作,即可以用來代替將來

10、eg:Whenareyouleaving?AreyougoingtoTibettomorrow?3.現在進行時的否定句和疑問句比較簡單。否定句在句把be動詞移到主語前。be(am,is,are)后面加not;疑問學習必備歡迎下載eg:Iamnotworking.Whatareyoureadingnow?Howareyoufeelingtoday?Thetrainisn'tarrivingsoon.四.一般過去時：1 .動詞變化：一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態，在句中由主語+動詞的過去式來表達。構成規則原形過去式一般在動詞末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplante

11、dplayed結尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edplan（計劃）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以輔音字母加y結尾的，先變y為i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried否定式疑問式否定疑問式簡單回答Ididnotwork.DidIwork?DidInotwork?Yes,youdid.No,youdidn't.Youdidnotwork.Didyouwork?Didyounotwork?Yes,Idid.No

12、,Ididn't.He/She/Itdidnotwork.Didhe/she/itwork?Didhe/she/itnotwork?Yes,he/she/it/did.No,he/she/itdidnWedidnotwork.Didwework?Didwenotwork?Yes,youdid.No,youdidn't.Youdidnotwork.Didyouwork?Didyounotwork?Yes,wedid.No,wedidn't.Theydidnotwork.Didtheywork?Didyoutheynotwork?Yes,theydid.No,theydid

13、n't.，t.2 .一般過去時的基本用法：(1)帶有確定的過去時間狀語時，要用過去時。(eg:yesterday,lastyear,justnow,twodaysago,intheolddays等)學習必備歡迎下載eg:Heleftjustnow.LeiFengwasagoodsoldier.Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismorning?(2)表示過去某一段時間內經常或反復發生的動作，這時常和表示頻度的狀語連用。eg:Lasttermweoftendidexperiments.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.五.begoingto表示一般將

14、來1 .用法：表示現在打算在最近或將來要做的事，或表示說話人根據已有的跡象認為很有可能要發生的事情，be隨著人稱的變化變成(am,is,are)eg:Wearegoingtohaveanewsubjectthisyear.It'sgoingtorainthisafternoon.I'mgoingtobeapilotwhenIgrowup.2 .begoingto的否定句在be動詞后加上not;begoingto的疑問句把be動詞移到主語前。eg:Heisn'tgoingtoseehisbrothertomorrow.I'mnotgoingtotellyouabo

15、utit.Who'sgoingtouseit?Isyoursistergoingtobringyourlunch?WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday.【模擬試題】(答題時間：70分鐘)1 .改錯：例1：Therosedarkred.fTheroseisdarkred.1. Heverylikesswimming.2. Hecanhelpsyou.3. Wehaven'tagoodtime.4. Whatareyoudoafterschooleveryday?5. SometimesIlistenmusic.sometimesIplayoutside.6.

16、 Thefishsmellsnotgood.7. Weshouldbuysomechicken.Therearelittleleft.8. Therehavemanybirdsinthesky.9. Mymother'sglassesisbroken.10. Apairofshoesarenearlyonethousand.11. Whatcolourareherhair?12. Doeshehishomework?13. A:Doyoulikeyourclass?B:Yes.Ilike.14. HealwaysdohisshoppingonFridayevening.學習必備歡迎下載

17、15. IverysorryIforgotyourbirthday.16. Ihavenobrotherandsister.2 .連詞組句：1. listen,morning,the,to,I,radio,the,in,often2. of,men,nurses,good,sick,hospital,care,in,take,the3. weekdays,he,the,goes,cinema,never,during,the,to4. computer,got,new,you,a,have?5. weekends,he,rest,does,a,got,have,on?6. good,LiMin

18、g,do,and,often,Ideeds7. museum,they,the,often,science,visit,how,do?8. the,in,any,there,kitchen,food,is?9. homework,does,day,when,Tom,his,every,where,and,do?10. a,there,vegetables,many,but,apples,aren't,lot,there,of,are,there3 .用括號里的動詞的適當形式填空：1. There(be)someglassesonit.2. He(go)totheparkeveryday

19、.3. Myuncle(live)inNanjingnow.4. LucyandLily(like)China?5. LiLei(notlike)todrinkorangesoda.6. Thegirl(go)homeat4:30intheafternoon.7. Kate(speak)French?Yes,shedoes.8. Jim(notride)hisbikeoften.9. Ifhe(be)freetomorrow,he(go)withus.10. Assoonasthey(get)therenextmonth,he(call)me.11. LiMing'sfatherave

20、)hislunchathome?12. Tom(notdo)themorningexercisesoften.13. I(be)hungryandmysister(be)thirsty.14. Thebaby(have)curlyhair.15. Everybody(have)achancetowin.16. I(clean)myroomonceaweek.17. Nobody(tell)themanything.18. There(be)alotofchickenontheplate.19. Mr.Li(teach)thesecondgrade.20. Theboy(watch)TVever

21、yevening.21. Mary(play)theviolinquitewell.22. David(study)ChineseandI(study)English.23. Thegame(be)interesting.學習必備歡迎下載24. Manychildren(be)ontheplayground.25. He(have)agoodtimeatyourparty.26. I(have)anewbicycle.四.用所給詞的適當形式填空：27. Tomandhisfather(swim)now.28. Look!They(run)alongthestreet.29. We(practi

22、ce)hardthesedaysbecausewewillhaveabigmatchnextmonth.30. Whathe(do)atnineo'clocklastnight?31. They(listen)tothemusicatthattime.32. Whentheheadmastercamein,thestudents(read)thetext.33. We(watch)TVwhensuddenlythetelephonerang.34. She(make)thepaperflowersthewholenight.35. A:you(studying)English?B:Ye

23、s,Iam.36. Let'sgoout.Itjnotrain)now.37. Hurryup!Everybody(wait)foryou.38. A:(you/listenttotheradio?B:No,Youcanturnitoff.39. I(watch)TVatseveno'clockyesterdayevening.40. A:What(you/look)for?8: I(look)formywallet.Thereissomethingimportantinit.41. Look.It(rain)hard.We'llgetwetifwegout.五.選詞填

24、空：(一)選詞填空：1. I(am,is,was,were)busylastweek.2. TomandI(am,are,was,were)lateforschoolyesterday.3. I(walk,walks,walked,walking)toschooltheotherday.4. Rose(doesnot,didn'hasbeen,hasto)visitherunclethemonthbeforelast(month)5. There(is,was,are,were)alotofpeopleinthisvillagetenyearsago.6. Mother(am,is,w

25、as,were)illinbedlastnight.7. It(rain,rains,rained,raining)alotlastyear.(二)用括號中動詞的適當形式填空：1. MyuncleinLondon(send)abirthdaypresenttomeyesterday.2. When(be)youborn?3. Assoonashearrivedinthecountry,he(phone)me.4. WhenI(knock)athisdoor,hewascooking.學習必備歡迎下載5. WewerewatchingTVwhenthelight(go)out.6. Hesaid

26、he(notlike)mathsatall.(三)用括當的詞完成下列句子。1. youmakethiscakelastnight?Yes.Idid.Iitforyou.2. DidTomhomeatfiveyesterday?No,he.Hecamehomeatsix.3. Whatyouatthestore?Iboughtacamera.4. Wereyouathomeyesterday?Yes,I.5. Wheredidyoucatchthefish?Iitintherivernearmyhouse.六.完成下列句子：1 .你長大了想當什么？我打算當個電腦程序員。Whatyouwhenyo

27、u?I'mtoa.2 .你哥哥長大了打算當什么？他打算當個專業的籃球運動員。Whatyourbrotherwhenhe?He'stoaplayer.3 .你打算怎么做？我打算學計算機學。areyouthat?I'mcomputer.4 .你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天練籃球。isyourbrother?He'sbasketballeveryday.5.她打算下學期上一些表演課嗎？是的。shesomelessons?Yes,she.【試題答案】1. Helikesswimming.2. Hecanhelpyou.3. Wedon'thaveagoodtime

28、.4. Whatdoyoudoafterschooleveryday?5. SometimesIlistentomusic,sometimesIplayoutside.6. Thefishdoesn'tsmellgood.7. Weshouldbuysomechicken.Thereislittleleft.8. Therearemanybirdsinthesky.9. Mymother'sglassesarebroken.10. Apairofshoesisnearlyonethousand.11. Ifhedoesn'tfeelwellhewillgotovisit

29、theHistoryMuseum.12. Whatcolourisherhair?13. Doeshedohishomework?學習必備歡迎下載14. A:Doyoulikeyourclass?B:Yes.Ido.15. HealwaysdoeshisshoppingonFridayevening.16. IamsorryIforgotyourbirthday.1. Ioftenlistentotheradiointhemorning.2. Nursestakegoodcareofsickmeninthehospital.3. Henevergoestothecinemaduringtheweekdays.4. Haveyougotanewcomputer?5. Doeshehavearestonweekends?6. LiMingandIoftendogooddeeds.7. Howoftendoyouvisitthesciencemuseum?8. Isthereanyfoodinthekitchen?9. WhenandwheredoesTomdohishome