1、牛津英語單元詞匯詳解選擇性 必修二Unit 1 The mass mediaWord listsSupportive sentences1. critical /krtkl/ adj. 批評的，批判性的；關鍵的；危急的 (2)【原句背誦】The two news reports and the article below encourage you to be a critical news reader. Be a critical news reader!【拓展】critical of sb/sth 批評的；批判性的；挑剔的a critical comment/report 批判性的評論報

2、道a critical factor in the election campaign 競選活動的關鍵因素a critical moment in our countrys history 我國歷史上的危急關頭critically adv. 危急地；嚴重地；批評地critic n. 批評家；評論家；愛挑剔的人criticize vt. 批評；評論；非難 vi. 批評；評論；苛求criticism n. 批評；批判；考證；苛求Toms parents were highly critical of the school. 湯姆的父母對學校提出了強烈的批評。Reducing levels of c

3、arbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of critical importance. 減少大氣中的二氧化碳含量極其重要。The final decision is critical to our future. 最終決定對我們的未來至關重要。Students should be encouraged to develop critical thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning them. 應該鼓勵學生培養判斷力，而非不加質疑地接受各種觀點?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國甲卷）Accord

4、ing to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status. 根據世界野生動物基金會(World Wildlife Fund)的數據，全球黑犀牛數量已降至5500頭，使犀牛處于“極度瀕危”狀態。（2015湖北卷）Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diver

5、sity of species in this area. 達特穆爾有大約1000匹小馬，它們在創造該地區物種的多樣性方面發揮著關鍵作用。（2011北京卷）In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking the ability to see clearly their relationships among ideas. 從廣義上講，批判性思維是專注的、有組織的思維能清楚地辨別觀點之間關系的能力。2. trap /træp/ vt. 使落入險境；卡住，絆住n. 陷阱，羅網；圈套；困境，牢籠 (2

6、)【原句背誦】The fire, which is thought to have started fromthe 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.【拓展】trap sb (into sth/into doing sth) 使陷入圈套；使中計；使上當set a trap設陷阱fall into a trap 落入陷阱【誤區】trap的過去式和過去分詞，要雙寫字母p。Some of the villagers

7、became trapped by the rising floodwater. 幾個村民被上漲的洪水困住了。The locals were encouraged to trap and kill mice to stop the spread of the virus. 當地人被鼓勵用捕捉器捕殺老鼠以阻止病毒的傳播。The government has found that its caught in a trap of its own making. 政府已經發現其陷入了自己造成的困境中。She had set a trap for him and he had walked straig

8、ht into it. 她給他設下圈套，他就徑直鉆了進去。【鏈接高考】（2019天津卷）We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. 我們在自己的專業領域取得成功，然后陷入其中。（2016北京卷）Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings. 青少年爬上幾十層樓梯，給被困在停電的高層

9、建筑中的老人送去水和食物。（2015湖北卷）The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again. 小馬實際上被困在了兩塊巖石之間。農夫把它放了，它又高興地到處跑起來。3. release /rlis/ vt. 發布；釋放；松開；發泄n. 釋放；發行；排放，泄漏 (2)【原句背誦】Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figu

10、res released by emergency services.【拓展】release sb/sth (from sth) 釋放；放出；放走release sb (from sth) 免除，解除（某人的職責、責任、合同等）；解雇the release (of sb) (from sth) 釋放；獲釋the latest new releases 最新發行的產品the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 二氧化碳向大氣層的排放a sense of release after the exam 考試后的解脫感Firefighters t

11、ook two hours to release the driver from the wreckage. 消防隊員花了兩個小時將司機從汽車殘骸中救出來。The media not releasing any more details yet. 媒體還不準備發布更多詳情。She burst into tears, releasing all her pent-up（壓抑的）emotions. 她放聲大哭，釋放出長期壓抑的情感。The new software is planned for release in April. 新軟件計劃四月份發行。Our therapeutic style o

12、ffers release from stored tensions, traumas, and grief. 我們的治療方式意在解除蓄積的壓力、創傷和悲痛?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020江蘇卷）May 7: The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis. 5月7日：國務院印發關于做好新冠肺炎疫情持續防控工作的指導意見。（2015福建卷）Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this

13、you may feel a little or large release from the jail of your mind and youll be on your way. 三思而后行。當你這樣做的時候，你可能會感到自己從思想的牢籠中解放出來，你就可以繼續前進了。（2012上海卷）Scientists have long known that in the fight or flight reaction to stress，an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. 科學家們早就

14、知道，在對抗或逃避壓力的反應中，身體釋放的某些激素起著重要作用。4. ambulance /æmbjlns/ n. 救護車 (2)【原句背誦】Fire engines and ambulances, called at 9:30 p.m., reached the scene within 15 minutes.5. extend /kstend/ vi. & vt. 延伸（距離）；擴大；延長；伸展 (2)【原句背誦】By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor.【拓展】to extend a fence/road

15、/house 擴建護欄公路房子to extend a deadline/visa 延長最后期限簽證to extend a rope between two posts 在兩根柱子間拉根繩子to extend an invitation 發出邀請extensive adj. 廣泛的；大量的；廣闊的extension n. 拓展；延伸；接發；（醫學）牽引；（計算機）拓展名；（邏輯）外延There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 現已有擴大無煙區的計劃。Careful maintenance can extend the life of your c

16、ar. 精心保養可延長汽車壽命。The company plans to extend its operations into Europe and Africa. 公司打算將業務擴展到歐洲和非洲。The service also extends to wrapping and delivering gifts. 這項服務還包括包裝及遞送禮物。This year they have introduced three new products to extend their range. 今年他們已引入了3種新產品以擴大他們的范圍?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?016北京卷）However, now they

17、 are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. 然而，現在他們正在延長青春期，在這期間，許多學生并沒有肩負起成人的責任。（2015湖南卷）When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenns mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. 當督察伸出手去和格倫的母親打招

18、呼時，他在剛涂過油的地面上滑倒了。6. construction /knstrkn/ n. 建筑，建造；建造物 (2)【原句背誦】There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules. 【拓展】in/under construction 在建造中；正在施工之中in the construction of 建筑construction technology 施工技術，建筑技術；建筑施工；建筑工藝學economic constructi

19、on 經濟建設infrastructure construction 基礎設施；基礎設施建設construct v. 建造，修建（某物，尤指建筑物，公路，機器）；組成，創建；形成（觀念，理論）n. 構想，概念；編造，杜撰；建造物，構筑物【反義詞】destruction n. 破壞，毀壞；摧毀Work has begun on the construction of the new airport in Xiongan. 雄安新機場的建設已經開工。 The new offices are still under construction (= being built). 新辦公樓尚在修建中。Th

20、e summer house was a simple wooden construction. 那座避暑別墅是簡單的木結構建筑?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?012全國卷II）The whole construction of our society depends on mutual（相互的）trust, not distrust. 整個社會的建設依賴于相互信任，而不是懷疑。（2010四川卷）Reporting to the Director，you will help set up and run the technical and scientific support services of our

21、 new laboratories now under construction. 向署長報告，你將協助建立和管理我們正在建設的新實驗室的技術和科學支持服務。7. dozen /dzn/ n. 許多；（一）打；十來個 (2)dozens of 很多，許多 (2)【原句背誦】The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition.【拓展】by the dozen成打地；按打計算two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋three dozen red roses 三打紅玫瑰severa

22、l dozen/a few dozen people 數十幾十個人【比較】two dozen eggs和two dozen of the eggs【誤區1】具體數字修飾dozen時，它要用單數形式。如：three dozen years【誤區2】特別詞匯表示具體數字的還有：score二十；decade十年；fortnight兩星期；十四天 anniversary 一周年；hundred一百The company employs no more than a couple of dozen people. 這個公司頂多雇用了幾十個人。The storm in July this year des

23、troyed dozens of homes and buildings. 今年7月份的暴雨毀壞了許多房屋和建筑物。Tom has been to the Great Wall dozens of times. 湯姆去過長城很多次。Eggs are sold by the dozen in the mall. 超市雞蛋按打出售。【鏈接高考】（2020浙江卷）To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the

24、short play. 為了做到這一點，我搜索了幾十個劇本，目的是找到那些最能展示短劇的力量和目的的劇本。（2020天津卷）Its almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. 要了解一個歷史時期而不對相關概念提出幾十個問題幾乎是不可能的。（2015上海卷）They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen diff

25、erent plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies. 他們每年舉辦30到40場研討會，主要針對企業和政府機構重點關注6種不同的戲劇。8. minor /man(r)/ adj. 輕微的，次要的 (2)【原句背誦】Lisa Mayer, 29, is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor injuries.【拓展】a minor road 小路minor injuries 輕傷to undergo minor surgery 做小手術minority n.

26、 少數；少數派；少數民族【反義詞】major adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的There may be some minor changes to the schedule. 時間安排也許會有些小小的變動。She is known in Italy for a number of minor roles in films. 她因擔任電影中一些配角而聞名意大利。Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another. 生活中的每一天，我們會遇到或大或小的這樣那樣的壓力。9. bath

27、/b/ n. 洗澡，洗??；浴缸，浴盆 (2)10. scream /skrim/ vi. & vt. 尖叫；高聲喊；發出大而尖的聲音n. 尖叫，尖銳刺耳的聲音 (2)11. bark /bk/ vi.（狗）吠叫vt. 厲聲發令n.（狗）吠聲；短促響亮的人聲；樹皮 (2)12. choke /tk/ vt. & vi.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激動而）說不出話來 (2)【原句背誦】She recalled, “I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking. I looke

28、d outside and the smoke was choking me. It was like an awful dream.”【拓展】take/have a bath 洗澡；沖涼；淋浴scream (out) (in/with sth)（因傷痛、害怕、激動等）尖叫scream (sth) (out) (at sb)/ (out) (for sth/sb) （向某人或為某事）高聲喊，大聲叫choke sth back 強忍住；抑制；克制to choke back tears/anger/sobs 強忍住眼淚憤怒哭泣choke sth down 硬咽；硬吞choke sth off阻止；

29、制止；限制；打斷；停止；終止choke out/choke out sth （因感情激動而）哽咽著說，哽咽地說出某事choke up （因感情激動而）哽咽【誤區】bath作動詞時，意思是“洗澡；給洗澡”，同bathe。The kids were screaming with excitement. 孩子們興奮地喊叫著。Someone was screaming for help. 有人在喊救命。She let out a scream of pain. 她疼得大叫一聲。Very small toys can choke a baby. 很小的玩具可使嬰兒窒息。She almost choked

30、 to death in the thick fumes. 她幾乎被濃煙嗆死。High housing estate prices have choked off demand. 高昂的房地產價格制約了需求。 Her screams were suddenly choked off. 她的尖叫聲戛然而止。He choked out a reply. 他哽咽著回答。The author choked up when she began to talk about her mother. 作者談起母親時，便哽咽著說不出話來。Its your turn to bath/bathe the baby.

31、 輪到你給嬰兒洗澡了。The moon bathed the countryside in a silver light. 月光下的鄉村沐浴在一片銀輝之中。【鏈接高考】（2017全國卷I）I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. 我給了房主一段貓頭鷹雛鳥饑餓的叫聲。（2011江蘇卷）The audience and the players from both teams started screaming, “Shay, run to first! ” Never in his life had

32、Shay ever run that far but made it to first base, wide-eyed and shocked. 觀眾和兩隊的球員開始尖叫，“夏伊，跑到第一壘!”在他的一生中，夏伊從來沒有跑過那么遠的距離，但跑到了第一壘，他睜大眼睛，震驚不已。13. department /dptmnt/ n. 部門，局，系 (2)14. cigarette /sret/ n. 香煙 (2)15. carpet /kpt/ n. 地毯；覆蓋地面的一層厚東西 (2)16. automatic /tmætk/ adj. 自動的；無意識的，不假思索的 (2)【原句背誦】Mr

33、 Peterson, head of the fire department, confirms that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster.【拓展】a carpet of snow 一層厚厚的雪a fully automatic driverless train 全自動無人駕駛火車automatically ad

34、v. 自動地；機械地；無意識地 automatism n. 自動；無意識行為automation n. 自動化；自動操作automate vt. 使自動化，使自動操作 vi. 自動化，自動操作【熟詞生義】carpet作動詞時，意思是“把地毯鋪在上；厚厚地鋪上”。Modern trains have automatic doors. 現代火車都有自動門。All of the automatic body functions, even breathing, are affected. 所有無意識的身體功能，甚至呼吸，都受到影響。Breathing is an automatic function

35、 of the body. 呼吸是一種無意識的身體功能。The hall was carpeted in blue. 大廳鋪上了藍色的地毯。The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers. 森林的地面上開滿了野花?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?018天津卷）Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. 大多數還配備了自動火災報警系統，包括熱探測器、煙霧探測器和噴水裝置。（

36、2014浙江卷）At Googles office, an entire floor is carpeted in glass. 在谷歌的辦公室，整塊地板都鋪著玻璃。（2020浙江卷）In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch. 馬克·波奇說，在過去，人們往往會對日益增長的交通做出自然反應：拓寬道路。（2017天津卷）“The change to the road traffic law will permit

37、 fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. “道路交通法的改變將允許全自動駕駛，”多布林特說。17. investigate /nvestet/ vt. & vi. 偵查，調查；研究 (2)【原句背誦】A team is currently investigating the accident further.【拓展】investigation n. 調查；調查研究The police are still investigating the accident. 警方還在調查這場事故。We should not jump to conclusion

38、s. Lets investigate first. 我們不應該草率下結論。讓我們先調查。The police have completed their investigations into the accident. 警察已完成對這次事故的調查。She is still under investigation. 她仍在接受調查?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?016安徽卷）Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this waythat they inve

39、stigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. 一些心理學家認為，幼兒通過這種方式學習的不僅僅是物質世界他們用類似的方法研究人類心理和語言規則。（2013江蘇卷）What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. 他特別想研究的是魚龍在一億五千萬年的時間里是如何適應減壓問題的。18. com

40、e about 發生 (3)【原句背誦】We rely on news to learn about what is happening in the world around us. However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. How do these differences come about?【拓展】come across v. 偶遇；無意中發現；講得清楚明白；口給人印象come back 回來；記起；恢復原狀，

41、重新流行come down 下來，降落；流傳下來；倒塌；落泊，失勢come on v. 快點；開始；要求；上演；跟著來；突然產生come out 出現；出版；結果是come out of v. 由.產生；從.出來come up 走近；發生；開始；上升；發芽；被提出come up with 提出；想出；趕上How did this unhappy state of affairs come about? 這種不幸的情況是怎么發生的呢？The peace agreement came about through intense pressure by the international commu

42、nity. 該和平協議是在國際社會的強大壓力下產生的。The expected boost in business promotion has not come about. 人們所期待的商業促銷并未實現。The professor spoke for a long time but his meaning didnt really come across. 教授講了很久，但并沒有人真正理解他的意思。When is her new novel coming out? 她的新小說何時出版？She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了

43、增加銷售量的一個新招兒?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?016江蘇卷）Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. 謝莉-安是一個笑容燦爛的小女人。她有一種并非偶然產生的堅強精神。（2020全國卷II）She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 她試圖為海貍鼠的時裝設計一個標簽，以表明它是環保的。（20

44、15湖北卷）Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持續的) future for one of Dartmoors most financially-troubled elements. 許多人都在努力保護這些矮種馬，并試圖為達特穆爾省最困難的一個地區制定可持續發展的未來計劃。19. journalist /dnlst/ n. 新聞記者，新聞工作者 (3)20. priority /prarti/ n. 優先事項

45、，首要事情；優先權，重點 (3)【原句背誦】It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event.【拓展】journal n. 日報，雜志；日記；分類賬journalism n. 新聞業，新聞工作；報章雜志prior adj.（時間、順序等）先前的；優先的prior to在前面的prioritize v. 按優先順序列出，確定 (任務) 優先順序；優先處理，優先考慮There is no doubt th

46、at she has the makings of a successful journalist. 毫無疑問，她具備成為一名成功記者的素質。Education is a top priority. 教育是當務之急。Our first priority is to improve standards. 我們的頭等大事是提高水平。The search for a new vaccine for COVID-19 viruses will take priority over all other medical research. 在所有醫學研究中，新冠病毒疫苗的研究將占據首位。【鏈接高考】（20

47、16江蘇卷）Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority. 由于最貧窮的人不可能彌補與厄爾尼諾有關的災害造成的損失，減少他們的損失成為優先考慮的事情。（2011湖南卷）Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest ele

48、phant should become a bigger priority (優先)for conservation purpose. 既然我們知道森林象和草原象是兩種不同的動物，出于保護的目的，森林象應該成為優先考慮的目標。21. contradict /kntrdkt/ vt. 相矛盾，相反；反駁，駁斥 (3)22. factual /fæktul/ adj. 事實的，真實的 (3)【原句背誦】Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each

49、 other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing.【拓展】contradiction n. 矛盾；否認；反駁contradictory adj. 矛盾的；反對的；反駁的；抗辯的 n. 對立物；矛盾因素The two stories contradict each other. 這兩種說法相互抵觸。This new studys findings would seem to contradict this curve. 新的

50、研究結果似乎與這一曲線所闡述的原理相抵觸。His comments appeared to contradict remarks made earlier in the day by the chairman. 他的評論好像在反駁主席當天早些時候的言論。We cannot condemn（判刑）him without factual evidence. 我們不能在沒有真憑實據的情況下就認為他有罪。His public speeches are in direct contradiction to his personal lifestyle. 他的公開言論與他本人的生活方式恰恰相反。We ar

51、e faced with two apparently contradictory statements. 我們面前這兩種說法顯然是矛盾的。23. instance /nstns/ n. 例子，事例 (3)for instance 例如，比如 (3)24. differ /df(r)/ vi. 相異；意見相左 (3)【原句背誦】For instance, the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire.【拓展】in the first instance 第一；首先differ fr

52、om和不同differ in 不同在；在方面存在不同differ (with sb) (about/on/over sth) 意見相左；持不同看法；不同意be different from和不同difference n. 差異；差別；不同The report highlights a number of instances of injustice. 這篇報道重點列舉了一些不公正的實例。For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. 例如，有些人認為戴眼鏡也會慢慢使視力變差。In

53、 the first instance, notify（通知）the police and then contact your insurance company. 首先是報警，然后與保險公司聯系。Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between the parents. 在撫育兒童方面父母的觀點可能迥然不同。Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease. 如何治療這種疾病，醫學界有不同的看法?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國甲卷）Since the effects were smal

54、l, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. 由于影響很小，這可能表明我們的創造性思維對完全安靜和85分貝的背景噪音的反應并沒有太大的差異。（2021新高考I卷）Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. 巴黎人跟你我不一樣。他們看上去很勤快、整潔。（2019天津卷

55、）Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. 例如，大多數食物網都是由許多薄弱環節組成的，而不是由幾個牢固的環節組成的。25. conclusion /knklun/ n. 結論，推論；結束，結果；簽訂，達成 (3)26. false /fls/ adj.錯誤的，不真實的；非天生的；假的，偽造的；不真誠的 (3)【原句背誦】When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the c

56、onclusion that one of the news reports gives false information.【拓展】reach/arrive at/come to a/the conclusion 得出結論；達成協議draw a/the conclusion 得出結論；推斷bring to a conclusion vt. 結束（使終止）；談定（買賣等）jump/leap to (the) conclusion (that) 匆忙下結論；貿然斷定rush to a conclusion 匆忙下結論in conclusion in conclusion 總之；最后conclud

57、e vt. 推斷；決定，作結論；結束vi. 推斷；斷定；決定a false argument/assumption/belief 錯誤的論據假設信念to give a false impression of wealth 給人以富有的假象At the conclusion of the programme, I asked the children if they had any questions they wanted to ask me. 節目結束時我問孩子們是否有要問我的問題。It took the jury（陪審團）some time to reach the conclusion that the charged was guilty. 陪審團花了很長時間才得出結論認為被告人有罪。In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exerc