1、Section Grammar & Writing 動詞ing形式作主語和賓語一、動詞ing形式作主語1動詞ing形式作主語時，常表示經常性、習慣性的動作，謂語動詞用單數。Swimming is my favourite sport.游泳是我最喜歡的一項運動。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。2在“It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time/fun等”之后需用動名詞作真正的主語。Its no use waiting for him any longer.再等他是沒有用的。Its a

2、waste of time arguing about it.爭論此事是沒有用的。二、動詞ing形式作賓語1可接動名詞作賓語的常見動詞可用下面的口訣記住：避免錯過少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建議完成多練習(advise，finish，practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，cant help)承認否定與嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒險莫原諒(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)We were lucky to escape being punished.我們很幸運，沒有受罰。I tried

3、 to avoid making the same mistake.我盡力避免犯同樣的錯誤。I cant stand being treated like that.我受不了被那樣對待。She cant help crying when she heard the bad news.當她聽到壞消息時她忍不住哭了起來。2英語中有一些動詞短語也常跟動詞ing形式作賓語。常見的跟動詞ing形式作賓語的動詞短語有insist on，object to，be good at，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get u

4、sed to，pay attention to等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他堅持要按照自己的方法做。The old couple have got used to living in the countryside.這對老夫婦已習慣生活在鄉下了。3在有些動詞的后面，如：start，begin，continue等既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區別不大。They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他們繼續工作，似乎什么也沒發生過。4在love，hate，prefe

5、r，like等動詞后接動詞ing形式作賓語指經常性的情況，用不定式作賓語指具體的動作。He preferred staying in the house when it rained.天下雨時他寧愿待在家里。(用動詞ing形式作賓語，指每逢天下雨都留在家里。)I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午我寧愿留在家里。(用動詞不定式作賓語，指今天下午留在家里這一具體的動作。)Having finished the exercises，we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.做完練習以后，我

6、們繼續學習下一單元的生詞。After a short rest，they went on working.短暫的休息之后，他們又繼續工作。He stopped talking when the bell rang.鈴響的時候，他停止了講話。While working，he stopped to talk with Tom at times.工作的時候，他不時地停下來和湯姆談話。三、動詞ing形式的否定形式動詞ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語時not應放在動詞ing形式之前。Excuse me for my not coming on time.請原諒我沒按時到。Not w

7、anting to continue my service in the factory，I joined the army.由于不想繼續在這家工廠工作了，我就參了軍。四、動詞ing形式的復合結構動詞ing形式的復合結構的構成方式為：名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞動詞ing形式。此結構多在句中作主語和賓語等，其中名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞是動詞ing形式的邏輯主語。當該復合結構作賓語時，名詞所有格可用普通格代替，形容詞性物主代詞可用代詞賓格代替，但作主語時不可以。Do you mind my/me coming late for the film?我看電影遲到你介意嗎？Marys being

8、late for class made her teacher very angry.瑪麗上課遲到讓她老師非常生氣。Her coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們。Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現在離開嗎？五、動詞ing形式的時態在時態上，動詞ing有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)兩種形式。當動詞ing形式表示的動作發生的時間不明確，或與謂語動作同時發生，或發生在謂語動作之后時，用動詞ing形式的一般式；當動詞ing表示的動作發生在謂語動作之前時，常用其

9、完成式。I enjoy playing football.(playing表示的時間概念不明確)Hes been used to going to bed late.(going to bed與has been used to同時發生)Im sorry for not having kept my promise.(not having kept my promise 發生在Im sorry之前)需要特別注意的是，有時候通過上下文可以明顯地看出動詞ing動作和謂語動作的先后時間關系，或者在一些動詞(如remember，forget，regret)和動詞短語(如excuse sb.for，tha

10、nk sb.for)中，盡管動詞ing表示的動作發生在謂語動作之前，我們也常用其一般式來代替完成式，或者兩種形式通用。Thank you very much for having helped me a lot.Thank you very much for helping me a lot.謝謝你幫了我這么多忙。六、動詞ing形式的語態在語態上，動詞ing形式有主動式(doing，having done)和被動式(being done, having been done)。主動式表示主動意義，被動式表示被動意義。He insisted on sending her to hospital.他

11、堅持要把她送到醫院去。He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.他堅持要被派到鄉下工作。.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1_(不會用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.(use)答案：Not being able to use/Being unable to use/Not being capable of using/Being incapable of using2Its no use_(argue)with Tom beca

12、use he will never change his mind.答案：arguing3The girl has to practice_(play) the piano for 2 hours per day.答案：playing4When he heard the news，he couldnt help _ (jump)with joy.答案：jumping5I think Ill have to give up_(play) football because of the coming examination.答案：playing6They are considering_(go)

13、to Hainan for the summer holidays.答案：going7The cat ran away to avoid_(catch)答案：being caught8The book is worth_(read)答案：reading.單項填空1(2012北京高考)One learns a language by making mistakes and_them.AcorrectsBcorrectCto correct Dcorrecting解析：考查非謂語動詞作賓語。句意：一個人的語言學習是通過不斷地犯錯誤并改正錯誤來實現的。介詞by后為動名詞making，and表示并列關

14、系，因此and前后非謂語動詞形式一致，故選擇D項。答案：D2(2012遼寧高考)Rod loves_clocks.However，he never manages to put them together again.Ataking apart Bgiving awayCmaking up Dturning off解析：考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：Rod喜歡拆時鐘。然而，他從來沒有能再組裝上過。take apart“拆卸，拆開”。give away“贈送，泄露”；make up“編造，虛構，組成，化妝，補上，和解”；turn off“關掉”。答案：A3(2012福建高考)China recentl

15、y tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from_in the South China Sea.Aattacking Bhaving attackedCbeing attacked Dhaving been attacked解析：句意：最近，中國為了保護中國漁船在南海不受到襲擊，加強了黃巖島附近水域的管轄。prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.“阻止某人/某物做某事”，根據句意可知，attack與fishing boats之間是邏輯

16、上的動賓關系，故選C項。答案：C4To our surprise，the girl is considering_to live in Tibet.Ato move Bto have movedCmoving Dhaving moved解析：句意：讓我們驚奇的是，那個女孩正在考慮搬去西藏住。表示“考慮做某事”，consider后跟動名詞作賓語；此處表示尚未實現的動作，應用動名詞的一般式。答案：C5_from the job for a long time makes my father have a sense of loss.ARetire BRetiringCHave retired DH

17、aving retired解析：句意：退休那么長時間使我父親有一種失落感。句子缺少主語，且retire這一動作發生在句子謂語動詞makes之前，故用動名詞的完成式。動詞原形與have done均不能作主語；retiring表示與謂語動詞同時發生或在其后發生。 答案：D6I still remember_to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Ato take Bto be takenCtaking Dbeing taken解析：句意：我仍舊記得被帶到法門寺以及在那里所看到的一切。remember doing sth.“記得做過某事”，再根據句意選擇其被

18、動形式。答案：D7The customers objected to_unfairly in the course of shopping.Abe treated Bbeing treatedCtreating Dhaving treated解析：句意：顧客們反對在購物過程中遭受不公平待遇。object to中to是介詞，后跟動名詞作賓語；customers與treat是被動關系，故用動名詞的被動式。答案：B8We made the right choice.Its nice_the holiday at the beach.Aspent Bbeing spentCspending Dspen

19、d解析：句意：我們做了正確的選擇。在海邊度假很愜意。第二個句子中it是形式主語，句子缺少真正主語，故排除A、D兩項；spend的邏輯主語是we，其后帶有賓語the holiday，故用動名詞的一般式。答案：C9I regret_you that Tom regretted_you his deskmate.Your characters differ greatly.Atelling；making Bto tell；to makeCtelling；to make Dto tell；making解析：句意：我很遺憾地告訴你湯姆后悔跟你做了同桌。你們的性格差別太大了。regret to do“遺憾

20、地要去做”；regret doing“后悔做過”。根據句意判斷，第一空用不定式，第二空用動名詞。答案：D10I didnt mean_you.I just wanted to warn you against doing such a thing.Ato hurt BhurtingCto have hurt Dhurt解析：句意：我沒打算傷害你，只是想提醒你不要做那樣的事。mean doing sth.“意味著做某事”，mean to do sth.“打算做某事”。根據句意判斷此處應用不定式作賓語，且句中強調的是一個過去發生的事實，用不定式的一般式即可。答案：A11I forgot_the c

21、lock，so I got up late this morning.Ato set up Bsetting upChave set up Dhaving set up解析：句意：我忘了設鬧鐘，所以今天早上起晚了。forget to do“忘記做某事”，forget doing“忘記做過某事”，由后面的“起晚了”可知沒設鬧鐘，故選A項。答案：A12The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.Ato find BfindCfinding Don finding解析：insist on doing sth

22、.“堅持做某事”，是固定搭配。答案：D13I prefer_down in the quiet countryside _in the noisy cities.Asettle；to live Bto settle；to liveCsettling；to living Dsettling；rather than living解析：prefer doing to doing或prefer to do rather than do是正確搭配。答案：C14Whether you believe it or not，it is_that causes your illness.Abecause of

23、your overweightBbecause you are overweightCyou are so overweightDyour being overweight解析：考查強調句型。在本題中，被強調部分為動名詞的復合結構，并在句中作主語，正常語序為your being overweight causes your illness。答案：D15Henry doesnt seem to be what he was.No._so many terrible things in the war has made him more thoughtful.ASeen BHis seeingCH

24、aving seen DTo have seen解析：考查動名詞的復合結構在句中作主語，其構成為“形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格動名詞”。答案：B如何寫好海報【寫作指導】一、海報的作用海報主要用來向公眾發布電影、戲劇、比賽、報告會、展覽會等消息，具有廣告宣傳的性質。二、寫作要領1文體特點：“短小精悍”是海報突出的文體特點。因此，寫海報要做到主旨鮮明，言簡意賅，用詞準確。2語言特點：海報語言要生動，富有鼓動性。3標題寫作：標題一般寫在上方正中。標題可以反映海報的核心內容，如football match(足球比賽)，lecture(講座)，film news(影訊)等，也可直接寫POSTER。4寫作

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