1、 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產生的結果.現(xiàn)在完成時這一時態(tài)強調是過去動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強調現(xiàn)在的影響和結果.have/has + done (過去分詞)v現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示已發(fā)生或完成的動作或現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)狀態(tài)，其結果和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。例如：生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。例如：v eg: I have lost my wedding ring. 我丟了我丟了我的結我的結婚婚戒指（這一動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，戒指（這一動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，其結果

2、是我現(xiàn)在沒有結但影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，其結果是我現(xiàn)在沒有結婚戒指了）婚戒指了）v I have sent him a Christmas card.v He has just bought a new house.v現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去式的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去式的區(qū)別：v1） 一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復存在。表示純粹的過去，與過去，現(xiàn)已不復存在。表示純粹的過去，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去的動現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的關系。對現(xiàn)在產生的結果，影響作與現(xiàn)在的關系。對現(xiàn)在產生的結果，影響等。等。v I have

3、lost my bag. (現(xiàn)在還沒找到現(xiàn)在還沒找到)v I lost my bag. (丟了錢包，現(xiàn)在是否找到，丟了錢包，現(xiàn)在是否找到，不知道不知道)v Mrs. Smith lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太已不再住在北京史密斯太太已不再住在北京)v Mrs. Smith has lived in Beijing for seven years. (史密斯太太還住在北京史密斯太太還住在北京)v1.都表示過去發(fā)生的事都表示過去發(fā)生的事v2.現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時間狀語連用；體的時間狀

4、語連用；v3.一般過去時強調過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過一般過去時強調過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時間連用（去的具體時間連用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）presentpastv2）現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，過去時表示的過去）現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，過去時表示的過去時間的經歷，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。時間的經歷，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。v 所以如果動作發(fā)生在特定的過去時間，如所以如果動作發(fā)生在特定的過去時間，如last night, yesterday, three days ago, just now, in 1998等則不能用現(xiàn)在完成時，必須用一般過去時。等則不能用現(xiàn)在完成時

5、，必須用一般過去時。試比較：試比較：v The film has been on ten minutes ago. () v The film began ten minutes ago. ()v The film has been on for ten minutes. ()v3) 詢問某事過去發(fā)生的具體時間，具體地點時必須詢問某事過去發(fā)生的具體時間，具體地點時必須用一般過去時，用一般過去時，v When did you lose your luggage?v Where did they leave for? eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He ha

6、s had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00. v1. I _(have) lunch alreadyv2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet?v3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China.v4. The twin _just _(see) my father.v5. The twins _(see) my father just now.v6. Many tall buildings _(build) in the

7、past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been builtv現(xiàn)在完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別：v1. 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時都可以與一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時都可以與often, always, seldom, never等副詞連用，但意義不同。現(xiàn)在完等副詞連用，但意義不同。現(xiàn)在完成時強調一段特定時間里反復發(fā)生的情況，而一般成時強調一段特定時間里反復發(fā)生的情況，而一般現(xiàn)在時強調一般情況，說明主語的特征。試比較：現(xiàn)在時強調一般情況，說明主語的特征。試比較：v eg: He has always helped

8、 us （到目前為止）（到目前為止）v He always helps us. (一貫如此一貫如此)v I have seldom watched cartoons these days.(這幾天的情況這幾天的情況)v I seldom watch cartoons. （一貫如此）（一貫如此） already ever yet never just these days recently in the past ten years lately in the last two years for +段時間段時間(for a long time, for two months since+點時間

9、點時間(since two years ago, since this morning) I have come back just now. I came back just now. When have you seen him? When did you see him? When不與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。它只有過去時不與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。它只有過去時或將來時，因為它表示確切的時間或將來時，因為它表示確切的時間。v用法二用法二： for+段時間段時間 since+點時間點時間 since+句子（過去時）句子（過去時）E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Ka

10、te has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示過去某個時間開始的動作表示過去某個時間開始的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。動詞在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。動詞使用延續(xù)性動詞。常與使用延續(xù)性動詞。常與forfor或或sincesince引導的時間連用引導的時間連用 My father hasnt smoked for two months, He is trying to give it up. 我父親已經有兩個月沒有抽煙了。他現(xiàn)在在努力

11、戒煙。我父親已經有兩個月沒有抽煙了。他現(xiàn)在在努力戒煙。 They have stayed in this hotel since last Tuesday. We have learned English for about three years.vhave/has gone to:已經去了或在途中，還沒有返回； eg: 1) Where has John gone? I cant find him anywhere. (John不在說話地方不在說話地方) 2) Mary has gone to Hong Kong (Mary不在說話地方，可能在香港，可能在不在說話地方，可能在香港，可能在路

12、上路上) have/has been to:曾今去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語; John, Where have you been? (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在John已經回來，在說話的地方已經回來，在說話的地方)vWhere have you been to Beijing? (你在你在說話地方說話地方) have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。 I have been in Britain for then years.vTom 在哪兒？ 他去書店買書了。v我在北京待了5年了。vJack 去過上海兩次了-Where

13、 is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.Correcting v1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.v2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.v3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.v4. The film has been on sinc

14、e I have come to the cinema.v5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatchv6. Ten years have passed since they got married.v7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.v8.What time have the factory opened?v9.I have gone to

15、 Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen tovHave you gone to America? (誤)vHave you been to America? (正)v1. _ you _ to Japan before?v2. His father isnt at home. He _ the supermarket now.v3. Where is your class teacher? She _ the library.v4. Linda and her parents _ to France twice.eg. 他死了

16、兩年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died瞬間動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時瞬間動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時 瞬間動詞不能用于持續(xù)性用法（表示一個從過去開瞬間動詞不能用于持續(xù)性用法（表示一個從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的用法）必須將瞬間動詞轉換成持續(xù)性始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的用法）必須將瞬間動詞轉換成持續(xù)性動詞。動詞。 她父母已經死了十年了。她父母已經死了十年了。 Her par

17、ents have died for ten years. () Her parents have been dead for ten years. () I have bought a new apartment for a month 錯誤錯誤 I have had a new apartment for a month 正確正確varrive/come/go to/reach vborrowvleave vbuy vjoin vstart/begin vfinish/ endvdiebe inhavekeepbe away be in/a member ofbe onbe over be

18、 deadvHis father has died. (for 2 years)vThe football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)vThe twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old)vMy teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldi

19、ers/ been in the army since they are 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 daysv1. 這本書我借了一個月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.varriv

20、e/come/go to die vbecome a borrowvLeave/ move vbuy openvjoin vstart/begin finish/ endvcatch a cold get up vget to know get out vclose wake upvgo to sleepvbecome interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away / be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe a

21、sleep/ sleepbe interested invI am an American boy I came to China two years ago. I _(study) here for two years. My father often (take) me_ (play) football on the playground. Last week I _ (take) to the park by him. We saw a lot of monkeys (jump) in the tree. I heard a voice from behind When I (walk

22、) along the river. I thought myself. “It must_ (be) Mr. Brown. He _(take) photos.” We_ (enjoy) that day. We _ (go) back to America next week.have studied takesto playWas taken wakedjumpbeis takingenjoyedwill go構成：助動詞構成：助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞 (I have/You have/She has/He has/It has/Our have/They h

23、ave/Our teacher has/Our school has/ Mike has/ Mary has) （規(guī)則動詞變化同過去式（規(guī)則動詞變化同過去式/不規(guī)則變化見表）不規(guī)則變化見表）規(guī)則：規(guī)則：(1) 在詞尾加在詞尾加-ed (2) e結尾在詞尾加結尾在詞尾加d (3) 輔音輔音+y,去去y改成改成i加加ed (4) 元音字母元音字母+y在詞尾加在詞尾加ed (5) 重讀閉音節(jié)且詞尾為單個輔音字母，將詞重讀閉音節(jié)且詞尾為單個輔音字母，將詞尾輔音字母雙寫加尾輔音字母雙寫加ed (6) 重讀重讀r音節(jié)，雙寫音節(jié)，雙寫r加加ed不規(guī)則：不規(guī)則： ABC型型(原形，過去式，過去分詞均不同型原形，過去式，過去分詞均不同型) eg: do-did-done; swim-swam-swum; fly-flew-flown; drink-drank-drunkABB型（過去式，過去分詞同型）型（過去式，過去分詞