1、第 6 講 短文填空短文填空是 2012 年廣東中考出現的一個新題型，其特點是在一篇短文中留出 10 個空(首句不設空)，要求考生根據短文的內容以及上下文的意思，在空白處填入意思、語法都正確的單詞，一空只能填一個詞(有些空的答案可能不是唯一的)。短文的題材很廣泛，可以是故事、文化習俗、科普小品、體育等，考試一般會選取考生比較熟悉的材料。短文填空是中考中一個難度比較大的題型。它所涉及的知識面廣，靈活性高，綜合性也很強。它不僅考查考生在詞匯、語法和習慣用法等方面的基礎知識，還考查理解、推導、分析等綜合能力。從表面上看是考查考生對單詞的辨認能力，而實質上既考查了考生掌握單詞的數量及準確性，又考查了他

2、們對句子上下文以及詞義的理解和判斷能力，由此考查學生的知識記憶與再現能力。1跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀短文填空的短文，了解全篇的內容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時態、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文時態、主題及大意。2復讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。(1)把握短文大意后再認真復讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義。(2)根據空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當的成分，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據詞語搭配和語法規則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。動詞：注意動詞短語固定搭配、時態、語態、主謂一致、謂語與非謂語動詞等；名詞：注意名詞的單復數及名

3、詞的所有格形式；形容詞：注意固定搭配、比較級和最高級形式及構詞規則；副詞：注意插入語、比較級和最高級形式，關注句與句之間的連貫性；連詞、關系詞：注意狀語從句、定語從句等在語篇中的運用；代詞：關注上下文，注意代詞的前后照應關系；介詞、冠詞：注意習慣用法。如果所填的詞在句首，注意首字母要大寫。3三讀短文，上下參照，驗證答案。在短文的空白處分別填上一個詞后，將完成的短文再細讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。可從上、下文內容是否協調一致、順理成章，語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。(一)2012 年廣東省初中畢業生學業考試樣題請用適當的詞完成這張明信片，每空只能填寫一個詞。Dea

4、r Karl，Im now sitting in the chair in thegarden of a house near a small village.Im(71)_ afternoontea with my family here.enjoying/having/drinkingI arrived here three days (72)_ with my dad, my mom andsome friends.We will be on holiday together here (73)_ twoweeks.It is a quiet and nice place.The hil

5、ls are very near (74)_house.It is cool here, and the air is (75)_.The trees aroundthe house are green, and the flowers smell nice.(76)_ are manythings we can do here.Yesterday, we walked around the village tosay hello (77)_ the villagers, and took lots of (78)_with them.These pictures will help us r

6、emember everythinghere.Tomorrow we are going to (79)_ the hills.From thetop of the hills, the village may look more beautiful.Its a pity youdidnt come with (80)_.LovePeteragofortheclean/freshTheretopictures/photosclimbus/me(二)2011 年廣東省初中畢業生學業考試Li Ming is a middle school student.His 15th birthday isc

7、oming on (71)_ 3rd.One day, Li Ming walked past the shoeshop at the street corner.Once again, he stopped to look at the shop(72)_.He felt happy to see the shoes that he wanted verymuch were still there.He really wanted to have (73)_ for hisbirthday.Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry for hi

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9、park and saton the (77)_.There he saw a girl in a wheelchair.He noticed that the girl (78)_ the wheel withher hands.Li Ming watched her carefully and was (79)_to find that the girl had no feet.He looked at his own feet.“Its much(80)_ to be without shoes than without feet.” he thought.Therewas no rea

10、son for him to feel so sorry and sad.He went away andsmiled, thinking he was luckier.howanything/everythingdecidedgrass/groundmoved/pushedsurprisedbetter(三)2010 年廣東省初中畢業生學業考試One day when Mr.Kong was walking in the (71)_, hesaw Miss Lan, a friend of his, sitting in a bench (長椅) with a dog(72)_ her.pa

11、rkbeside/nearsitKong walked up to her and said, “Hello, Miss Lan, how areyou? May I (73)_ down and talk with you for a while？”“Of course,” Lan said.Kong sat down next to her and they(74)_ happily together.The dog was looking up at Lan, asif waiting to be fed.talkedhungry“Thats a nice dog,” Kong said

12、.“Yes, hes strong and healthy.”“And hes (75)_ now,” Kong said,“He hasnt takenhis eyes off you.He thinks youve got some food for him.”Lan said, “But I havent.”friends/persons/peopleThe two (76)_ laughed and thenKong said, “Does your dog bite (咬)？”“No,” she said, “He has (77)_ bitten anyone.”When he heard this, Kong put out his left (78)_ andtou