1、“Ving或ed形式”短語作狀語時，其實就是狀語從句在主從句主語一致的情況下省略的結果。所以通常情況下，“Ving或ed形式”作狀語時其邏輯主語是和主句的主語一致的。在前后主語不一致的情況下，我們通常采用“Ving或ed形式”短語前加上其邏輯主語一起構成主句的狀語部分，因此我們就把自帶邏輯主語的“Ving或ed形式”結構叫做“獨立主格結構”。事實上，在英語中，“獨立主格結構”還可以由“邏輯主語+不定式、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等”構成，其功能相當于“with復合結構”或“非限制性定語從句”。獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開.1. 與狀語從句的轉化1). All the work finis

2、hed, he sat down for a coffee.【= When all the work was finished, he sat down for a coffee.】2). Weather permitting, we will go swimming tomorrow.【= If weather permits, we will go swimming tomorrow.】3). The boy being late, his teacher was very angry.【= As the boy was late, his teacher was very angry.

3、】4) Everything taken into consideration, the event was a great event.【= When everything taken into consideration, the event was a great event.】5) There being something more important to attend to, he had to cancel the appointment with me.【= As there was something more important to attend to, he had

4、to cancel the appointment with me.】6). The floor wet, they stayed outside.【= As the floor was wet, they stayed outside.】2. 與with復合結構的轉化1). A lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.【=With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.】2）The president entered the meeting room, his s

5、ecretary following him.【=The president entered the meeting room, with his secretary following him.】3). The crazy man, a gun in his hand, was trying to kill his wife.【=The crazy man, with a gun in his hand, was trying to kill his wife.】3. 與非限制性定語從句的轉化1). The country has already sent up three unmanned

6、 spacecraft, the most recent having been launched at the end of last month.【=The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent of which was launched at the end of last month.】2). The old farmer raised 10 pigs, two weighing 200kg.【=The old farmer raised 10 pigs, two of which

7、 weighed 200kg.】鞏固聯系1. Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 2. An expert _ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem.A. will come B. coming C. to come D. having come 3. The meeting _ over, he went to pick u

8、p his son directlyA. to be B. is C. was D. being 4. - They sat still in the room, _.- Why did they do like that?A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawnC. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 5. The sun _, they continued their way.A. has risen B. having risen C. has raise

9、d D. having raised 6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launchedC. being launched D. to be launched 7. Here are two volumes, the third one _ next month.A. comes out B. came out C. coming out D. to

10、 come out 8. With his son_ , the old man felt unhappy.A. to disappoint B. to be disappointingC. disappointing D. being disappointed 9. - Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 10 Jo

11、hn received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it .A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 11. _, I had to ask for two days leave.A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill D. A, B and C 12. With so many books _, I couldnt go to surf the

12、 Internet.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. read 13. The thief stood before the policeman _ admitting what he had done.A. with his dropping head B. dropping his headC. raising his head D. with his head down 14. Winter _, it is time to buy warm clothes .A .has come on B. is coming on C. coming o

13、n D. comes on 15. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _ and his hands _.A. close, tremble B. closed, tremblingC. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 16. With nothing _ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out .A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave 17. It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished .A. for B. with C. of D. from 18. I couldnt do my homework with that noise _ on.A. to go B. went C. going D. goes19. _ two exams to worry about, I have t