1、GrammarUnit 4Body languageGrammar 一、一、V-ing 形式由形式由 “doing” 構成構成, 其其否定形式是否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以帶可以帶賓語或狀語構成賓語或狀語構成 V-ing 短語短語, 沒有人稱和沒有人稱和數的變化數的變化, 但有時態和語態的變化。但有時態和語態的變化。V-ing 形式形式語態語態時態時態主動語態主動語態被動語態被動語態一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done V-ing 形式在句中作定語和狀語

2、是本單元的學形式在句中作定語和狀語是本單元的學習重點。習重點。1. 作定語作定語 V-ing 形式可以單獨充當名詞的前置修飾語形式可以單獨充當名詞的前置修飾語, 這這時有兩種情況。時有兩種情況。1) -ing形式表示形式表示 “供作供作.之用之用”的意思的意思, 這類作這類作定語的定語的-ing形式過去叫動名詞。形式過去叫動名詞。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimmingA sleeping car = a car for sleeping2) -ing形式表示形式表示 “.的的” 意思意思, 過去過去叫現在分詞叫現在分詞 A sleeping child w

3、orking people the rising sun -ing形式短語作定語時一般放在它所修形式短語作定語時一般放在它所修飾的名詞之后飾的名詞之后, 相當于一個定語從句。如相當于一個定語從句。如:They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2. 作狀語作狀語 可以表示時間可以表示時間, 原因原因, 結果結果,條件條件, 行為方式行為方式或伴隨動作等。或伴隨動作等。 Using your head, youll find a good way. 條

4、件條件 1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. 2) Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. ( (原因原因) )( 伴隨動作伴隨動作)3) Working hard, youll surely succeed.條件條件4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branc

5、h.伴隨伴隨5) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式方式6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened. 7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 結果結果(時間時間, 可以在分詞前保留可以在分詞前保留when ) Attention Please -ing形式作狀語時形式作狀語時, 它的邏輯主語必須與主它的邏輯主語必須與

6、主句的主語是一致的。句的主語是一致的。Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分詞的邏輯主語是分詞的邏輯主語是time , 而句子的主語是而句子的主語是I , 兩者不構成主謂關系兩者不構成主謂關系, 所以只能用獨立主所以只能用獨立主格結構格結構, 也就是給現在分詞補充一個主語。也就是給現在分詞補充一個主語。)the British ladythe Columbianthe Japanesethe Canadian You see her step back appearing surprised.His nose touc

7、hes Mr. Cooks moving hand. You see her step back appearing surprised.= You see her step back and she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language. His nose touched Mr. Cooks moving hand.=His nose to

8、uched Mr. Cooks hand which is moving.= They are visitors who come from several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries.= This is an experience which is exciting.This is an exciting experience. 1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he

9、touched her shoulder and kissed her. Rewrite the following sentences.When approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ the

10、re is reading a book about body language.who is standing4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _ _ _.doing herhomeworkUsing structureshold in a

11、rms, cry, appear sad The woman holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad. The woman cries loudly, holding her son in arms.box, hit on the face , move, steps The two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.ski, laugh, exciting Mickey and Mimi are skiing do

12、wn the hill, laughing all the way. What an exciting scene it is!dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing musicMickey and Mimi are dancing to amazing music, singing and raising their arms.Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for food Carrying her little baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the tr

13、ees, searching for food. 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSee

14、ingspeaking單句改錯單句改錯5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking 1. The stranger said something in a _ voice

15、and the little girl was very much _ A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightenedChoose the best answer. 2. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining 3. Mother caught the

16、boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to

17、 look C. looked D. having looked 6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 7. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. i

18、ndicated; interrupted 8. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 9. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 11. _in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B.