1、學(xué)無(wú)止境狀語(yǔ)從句什么是狀語(yǔ)：句子中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞等的句子成分叫狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)從地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較、方式和伴隨狀況等方面修飾說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)。e.g. He speaks English very well（.副詞作狀語(yǔ)）e.g. He is playing under the tree（.介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）e.g. I come specially to see you（.不定式作狀語(yǔ)）e.g. If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.（從句作狀語(yǔ)）e.g. Having had a quarrel wit

2、h his wife,he left home in a bad temper（.分詞作狀語(yǔ)）狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句里起狀語(yǔ)作用的從句，可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較、方式、條件等。引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞叫做從屬連詞。狀語(yǔ)從句的位置可以在句首，也可以在句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)；放在句末時(shí)，從句前面往往不用逗號(hào)。Ifit s fine tomorrow, I will go with you.I will go with you if it s fine tomorrow.狀語(yǔ)從句分類(lèi)：1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句3、原因狀語(yǔ)從句4、目的狀語(yǔ)從句5、

3、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句6、條件狀語(yǔ)從句7、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句8、比較狀語(yǔ)從句9、方式狀語(yǔ)從句最全文檔整理學(xué)無(wú)止境時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句從屬連詞：when, while, as, before, after, till/until,since, whenever, as soon as（一 就） 時(shí)態(tài)：主將從現(xiàn)，主情從現(xiàn)，主祈從現(xiàn)一、 When/while/as（當(dāng) 時(shí)候）區(qū)別：主句動(dòng)作與從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間（同時(shí)/之前 /之后）；從句動(dòng)詞（延續(xù)性/瞬時(shí)性）1）When:when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示“當(dāng) 的時(shí)候 ”，when 既可以指時(shí)間段也可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，從句中既可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞又可用瞬間性動(dòng)詞，且動(dòng)作既可和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)

4、發(fā)生又可在主句的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生。且when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)（主將從現(xiàn)）。e.g. I will call you when I get there.e.g. When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.e.g. I will go home when the rain stops.e.g. When I got to the airport，the guests had left.A）如果 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，而從句的謂語(yǔ)又是 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，那么從句中的主語(yǔ)和be 可以省略 ;e.g. W

5、hen (you are) in trouble, ask her for help.B）當(dāng) when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，往往還可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)并用 “when+分詞 ”的形式替代該狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g. When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lyingthere asleep.2）Whilewhile 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示“當(dāng) 的時(shí)候 ”，它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的最全文檔整理學(xué)無(wú)止境動(dòng)作同時(shí)持續(xù)地進(jìn)行，用于這一用法時(shí)while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延

6、續(xù)性動(dòng)詞， 或者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行過(guò)程中，此時(shí)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。記住，從句中始終是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 （while 還可以表示對(duì)比，譯成“然而” ，放在句首可以表示“雖然” ）e.g. I met her while I was at school.e.g. While I was sleeping, the UFO arrived.e.g. We were doing our homework while it was raining outside.e.g. Study while you study; play while you play

7、.3）Asas 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示 “當(dāng) 時(shí)”（只引導(dǎo)瞬間性動(dòng)詞，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是緊密聯(lián)系的，一前一后進(jìn)行） ， “一邊 一邊 ”，側(cè)重表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 (包括一個(gè)主語(yǔ)同時(shí)進(jìn)行兩個(gè)動(dòng)作)， “隨著”，一種動(dòng)作隨著另一種動(dòng)作的變化而變化從句中只能接延續(xù)動(dòng)詞。e.g. He jumps as he goes along.e.g. As the wind rose the noise increased.【 When, while , as 辨析】三者均可以表示 “當(dāng) 時(shí)候 ”，如果主句表示的是短暫性動(dòng)作，而從句表示的是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作（主短從延） ，三者可以通用。I met Mr Li as / wh

8、en / while I was walking along the street.（ 1） While 意為 “在 期間 ”，從句的謂語(yǔ)必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。The plane had left when we got to the airport.（ 2）表示帶有規(guī)律性的 “每當(dāng) ”，或者主從句動(dòng)作有先后時(shí)，都只能用when.When winter comes, it becomes cold.（ 3）表示 “隨著 ”時(shí)間的推移，主從句的內(nèi)容是兩種變化的情況，只能用as.最全文檔整理學(xué)無(wú)止境As the day went on, the weather got worse.（ 4）強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作

9、延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間，只能用while.【鞏固練習(xí)】1）I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel_ I heard the steps.A. whileB. whenC. sinceD. after2）He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. while3）We were swimming in the lake _ s

10、uddenly the storm started.A. whenB. whileC. untilD. before4） I m going to the post office. _ you re there, can you get me some stamps?A. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD. If5）I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.A. went; was occurringB. went; occurredC. was going; occurredD. was

11、 going; had occurred答案 BCABC二、 Before/afterbefore 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前,常翻譯為在“之前 ”，“才 ”或“就 ”。e.g. See me before you leave.e.g. Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. after 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后e.g. I saw them after I arrived.e.g. I found his pen after he h

12、as left.最全文檔整理學(xué)無(wú)止境【鞏固練習(xí)】He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover andreturn to work.A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. thatIt was some time _ we realized the truth.A. whenB. untilC. sinceD. before三、 Till/until/not until1、肯定句： till 和 until 這兩個(gè)詞作連詞和介詞時(shí)的意義和用法相同，一般可以換用 (放在句首時(shí)通常用

13、 until 的形式， till 在口語(yǔ)中更為常見(jiàn) )。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性的，表示 “到 為止 ”， “直到 才 (開(kāi)始 ) ”。e.g. Walk till you come to a white house.e.g. We didn t discuss the problem until he came back.2、否定句：Not until ，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則為短暫性的， 表示 “直到 才 ”，若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上下文可表示“沒(méi)有到”He didntwait until/ till I returned. 他沒(méi)有等到我回來(lái)。not until 的三種用法：1）用在

14、句中的基本用法e.g. He did not appear until the concert ended.2）與 that 搭配的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. It was not until the concert ended that he appeared.3）用于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)主句倒裝e.g. Not until the concert ended did he appeared.【鞏固練習(xí)】1）It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ we ve actually had最全文檔整理學(xué)無(wú)止境A. until B. after C. s

15、ince D. when2）A good storyteller must be able to hold his listenersreachescurioitythe_ heend of the story.A. when B. unless C. after D. until3）I don t really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help outB. have just helped outC. am just helping outD. will justhelp out四、 SinceSince

16、引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“自從 以來(lái) ”，需注意以下兩1）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般指的是“從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來(lái)”的概念，表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用完成時(shí)。e.g. I have never seen him again since he left here.e.g. They have been friends ever since they were in school.2）若表示到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間前的情況，則主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。通搭配為 it was+時(shí)間段 +since 過(guò)去完成時(shí)或 it is+ 時(shí)間段 +since 過(guò)去時(shí) e.g. It is t

17、wo years since I became a postgraduate student.e.g. It was three years since we had been there.3）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞相反翻譯，瞬間性動(dòng)詞正常翻譯It is three years since I smoked a cigar.我不抽煙三年了。It is three years since I left there.我離開(kāi)那里已經(jīng)三年了。【鞏固練習(xí)】1）They _ friends since they met in Shanghai.A. have madeB. have becomeC. have bee

18、nD. have turned2） What was the party like?最全文檔整理學(xué)無(wú)止境 Wonderful. It s been 2 years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. since五、“一就” as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment,the minute, the instant, no sooner than ， hardly/ scarcely when和 once1）as soon as 表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)（用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)