1、流體力學詞匯大全流體動力學fluid dynamics 連續介質力學mechanics of continuous media 介質medium 流體質點fluid particle（質點，粒子）無粘性流體nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid 連續介質假設continuous medium hypothesis 流體運動學fluid kinematics水靜力學hydrostatics 支配方程governing equation 伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem 畢奧-薩伐爾定律Biot-Savart l

2、aw歐拉方程Euler equation il亥姆霍茲定理Helmholtz theorem 開爾文定理Kelvin theorem 渦片vortex sheet 庫塔-茹可夫斯基條件Kutta-Zhoukowskicondition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution 達朗貝爾佯廖dAlembert paradox 雷諾數Reynolds number 施特魯哈爾數Strouhal number 隨體導數material derivativedrvtv; drvtv不可壓縮流體incompressible fluid 質量守恒conservation of mass 動量守恒cons

3、ervation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy 動量方程momentum equation 能量方程energy equation 控制體積control volume 液體靜壓hydrostatic pressure 渦量擬能enstrophy 壓差differential pressure 流動 flow 流線stream line 流面stream surface 流管stream tube 跡線path, path line 流場flow field 流態flow regime （狀態）流動參量flow parameter præ

4、;mt(r); præmt流量flow rate, flow discharge 渦旋vortex 渦量vorticity 渦絲vortex filament 渦線vortex line 渦面vortex surface 渦層vortex layer 渦環vortex ring 渦對vortex pair 渦管vortex tube 渦街vortex street 卡門渦街Karman vortex street 馬蹄渦horseshoe vortex 對流渦胞convective cell 卷筒渦胞roll cell 渦eddy渦粘性eddy viscosityviscosity

5、 | vskst /-ks-環流circulation 環量circulation 速度環量velocity circulationvlst; vlst偶極子doublet, dipole 駐點stagnation point 總壓力 total pressure 總壓頭total head 靜壓頭static head 總焓total enthalpy 能量輸運energy transport 速度剖面velocity profile prufal; profal （側面，輪廓）庫埃特流Couette flow 單相流single phase flow 單組份流single-componen

6、t flow 均勻流uniform flow 非均勻流nonuniform flow 二維流two-dimensional flow 三維流three-dimensional flow 準定常流quasi-steady flowquasiquasi | kweza ,sa /kwzadj.類似的; 半的; 外表的; 準的非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暫態流transient flow trænznt; US trænnt; trænnt周期流periodic flow 振蕩流oscillatory flow oscil

7、latory | sletr /s分層流stratified flow stratified | strætfad無旋流irrotational flow 有旋流rotational flowrtenl軸對稱流axisymmetric flowsmetrk不可壓縮性incompressibility 不可壓縮流動 incompressible flow 浮體floating body -定傾中心metacenter 阻力drag, resistance 減阻drag reduction 表面力surface force 表面張力surface tension 毛細管作用capill

8、arity 來流incoming flow 自由流free stream 自由流線free stream line 外流external flow 進口entrance, inlet 出口exit, outlet 擾動disturbance, perturbation 分布distribution 傳播propagation 色散dispersion 彌散dispersion 附加質量added mass ,associated mass 收縮contraction 鏡象法image method 無量綱參數dimensionless parameter 幾何相似geometric simil

9、arity 運動相似kinematic similarity 動力相似性 dynamic similarity 平面流plane flow 勢potential 勢流potential flow 速度勢velocity potential 復勢complex potential 復速度complex velocity 流函數stream function 源source 匯sink 速度水頭velocity head 拐角流corner flow 空泡流cavity flow 超空泡supercavity 超空泡流supercavity flow 空氣動力學aerodynamics 低速空氣動

10、力學low-speed aerodynamics 高速空氣動力學high-speed aerodynamics 氣動熱力學aerothermodynamics 亞聲速流動 subsonic flow 跨聲速流動 transonic flow 超聲速流動 supersonic flow 錐形流conical flow 楔流wedge flow 葉柵流cascade flow 非平衡流動 non-equilibrium flow 細長體slender body 細長度slenderness 鈍頭體bluff body 鈍體blunt body 翼型airfoil 翼弦chord 薄翼理論thin-

11、airfoil theory 構型configuration 后緣trailing edge 迎角angle of attack 失速stall 脫體激波detached shock wave 波阻wave drag 誘導阻力induced drag 誘導速度induced velocity 臨界雷諾數critical Reynolds number 前緣渦leading edge vortex 附著渦bound vortex 約束渦confined vortex 氣動中心aerodynamic center 氣動力aerodynamic force 氣動噪聲aerodynamic noise

12、 氣動加熱aerodynamic heating 離解dissociation 地面效應ground effect 氣體動力學gas dynamics 稀疏波rarefaction wave 熱狀態方程thermal equation of state 噴管Nozzle 普朗特-邁耶流 Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow 可壓縮流動 compressible flow 可壓縮流體compressible fluid 絕熱流adiabatic flow 非絕熱流diabatic flow 未擾動流undisturbed flow 等熵流isentropic fl

13、ow 勻熵流homoentropic flow 蘭金-于戈尼奧條件Rankine-Hugoniot condition狀態方程equation of state 量熱狀態方程caloric equation of state 完全氣體perfect gas 拉瓦爾噴管Laval nozzle 馬赫角Mach angle 馬赫錐Mach cone 馬赫線Mach line 馬赫數Mach number 馬赫波Mach wave 當地馬赫數local Mach number 沖擊波shock wave 激波shock wave 正激波normal shock wave 斜激波oblique sho

14、ck wave 頭波bow wave 附體激波attached shock wave 激波陣面shock front 激波層shock layer 壓縮波compression wave 反射reflection 折射refraction 散射scattering 衍射diffraction 繞射diffraction 出口壓力exit pressure 超壓強 over pressure 反壓back pressure 爆炸explosion 爆轟detonation 緩燃deflagration 水動力學hydrodynamics 液體動力學hydrodynamics 泰勒不穩定性Tayl

15、or instability 蓋斯特納波Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波Stokes wave 瑞利數Rayleigh number 自由面free surface 波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height 波列wave train 波群wave group 波能wave energy 表面波surface wave 表面張力波capillary wave 規則波regular wave 不規則波irregular wave 淺水波shallow water wave 深水波deep water wave 重力波gravity wave 橢圓余弦

16、波cnoidal wave 潮波tidal wave 涌波surge wave 破碎波breaking wave 船波ship wave 非線性波nonlinear wave 孤立子soliton 水動力噪聲hydrodynamic noise 水擊water hammer 空化cavitation 空化數cavitation number 空蝕cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow 水翼hydrofoil 水力學hydraulics 洪水波flood wave 漣漪ripple 消能energy dissipation 海洋水動力學marine h

17、ydrodynamics 謝齊公式Chezy formula 歐拉數Euler number 弗勞德數Froude number 水力半徑hydraulic radius 水力坡度hvdraulic slope 高度水頭elevating head 水頭損失head loss 水位water level 水躍hydraulic jump 含水層aquifer 排水drainage 排放量discharge 壅水曲線back water curve 壓強水頭pressure head 過水斷面flow cross-section 明槽流open channel flow 孔流orifice fl

18、ow 無壓流free surface flow 有壓流pressure flow 緩流subcritical flow 急流supercritical flow 漸變流gradually varied flow 急變流rapidly varied flow 臨界流critical flow 異重流density current, gravity flow 堰流weir flow 摻氣流aerated flow 含沙流sediment-laden stream 降水曲線dropdown curve 沉積物sediment, deposit 沉降堆積sedimentation, depositio

19、n 沉降速度settling velocity 流動穩定性flow stability 不穩定性instability 奧爾-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation渦量方程vorticity equation 泊肅葉流Poiseuille flow 奧辛流Oseen flow 剪切流shear flow 粘性流動 viscous flow 層流laminar flow 分離流separated flow 二次流secondary flow 近場流near field flow 遠場流far field flow 滯止流stagnation flow 尾流wake flow 回

20、流back flow 反流reverse flow 射流jet 自由射流free jet 管流pipe flow, tube flow 內流internal flow 擬序結構coherent structure 猝發過程bursting process 表觀粘度apparent viscosity 運動粘性kinematic viscosity 動力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise 厘泊centipoise 厘沱centistoke 剪切層shear layer 次層sublayer 流動分離flow separation 層流分離laminar separation 湍

21、流分離turbulent separation 分離點separation point附著點attachment point 再附reattachment 再層流化relaminarization 起動渦starting vortex 駐渦standing vortex 渦旋破碎vortex breakdown 渦旋脫落vortex shedding 壓力降pressure drop 壓差阻力pressure drag 壓力能pressure energy 型阻profile drag 滑移速度slip velocity 無滑移條件non-slip condition 壁剪應力skin fri

22、ction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity 磨擦損失friction loss 磨擦因子friction factor 耗散dissipation 滯后lag 相似性解similar solution 局域相似local similarity 氣體潤滑gas lubrication 液體動力潤滑hydrodynamic lubrication 漿體slurry 泰勒數Taylor number 納維-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation牛頓流體Newtonian fluid 邊界層理論boundary later theory

23、 邊界層方程boundary layer equation 邊界層boundary layer 附面層boundary layer 層流邊界層laminar boundary layer 湍流邊界層turbulent boundary layer 溫度邊界層thermal boundary layer 邊界層轉捩boundary layer transition 邊界層分離boundary layer separation 邊界層厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness 動量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度en

24、ergy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness 注入injection 吸出suction 泰勒渦Taylor vortex 速度虧損律velocity defect law 形狀因子shape factor 測速法anemometry 粘度測定法viscosi metry 流動顯示flow visualization 油煙顯示oil smoke visualization 孔板流量計orifice meter 頻率響應frequency response 油膜顯示oil film visualization 陰影法shadow method 紋影法schlieren

25、 method 煙絲法smoke wire method 絲線法tuft method 氫泡法nydrogen bubble method 相似理論similarity theory 相似律similarity law 部分相似partial similarity 定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 靜態校準static calibration 動態校準dynamic calibration 風洞wind tunnel 激波管shock tube 激波管風洞shock tube wind tunnel 水洞water tunnel 拖曳水池towing tank

26、旋臂水池rotating arm basin 擴散段diffuser 測壓孔pressure tap 皮托管pitot tube 普雷斯頓管preston tube 斯坦頓管Stanton tube 文丘里管Venturi tube U形管U-tube 壓強計manometer 微壓計micromanometer 多管壓強計multiple manometer 靜壓管static pressuretube 流速計anemometer 風速管Pitot- static tube 激光多普勒測速計laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter

27、 熱線流速計hot-wire anemometer 熱膜流速計hot- film anemometer 流量計flow meter 粘度計viscosi meter 渦量計vorticity meter 傳感器transducer, sensor 壓強傳感器pressure transducer 熱敏電阻thermistor 示蹤物tracer 時間線time line 脈線streak line 尺度效應scale effect 壁效應wall effect 堵塞blockage 堵寒效應blockage effect 動態響應dynamic response 響應頻率response fr

28、equency 底壓base pressure 菲克定律Fick law 巴塞特力Basset force 埃克特數Eckert number 格拉斯霍夫數Grashof number 努塞特數Nusselt number 普朗特數prandtl number 雷諾比擬Reynolds analogy 施密特數schmidt number 斯坦頓數Stanton number 對流convection 自由對流natural convection, freeconvec-tion 強迫對流forced convection 熱對流heat convection 質量傳遞mass transfe

29、r 傳質系數mass transfer coefficient 熱量傳遞heat transfer 傳熱系數heat transfer coefficient 對流傳熱convective heat transfer 輻射傳熱radiative heat transfer 動量交換momentum transfer 能量傳遞energy transfer 傳導conduction 熱傳導conductive heat transfer 熱交換heat exchange 臨界熱通量critical heat flux 濃度concentration 擴散diffusion 擴散性diffusiv

30、ity 擴散率diffusivity 擴散速度diffusion velocity 分子擴散molecular diffusion 沸騰boiling 蒸發evaporation 氣化gasification 凝結condensation 成核nucleation 計算流體力學computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度問題multiple scale problem 伯格斯方程Burgers equation 對流擴散方程convection diffusion equation KDU方程KDV equation 修正微分方程modified differentia

31、lequation 拉克斯等價定理Lax equivalence theorem數值模擬numerical simulation 大渦模擬large eddy simulation 數值粘性numerical viscosity 非線性不穩定性nonlinear instability希爾特穩定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容條件consistency condition CFL條件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewycondition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷邊界條件Dirichlet boundarycondition 熵條件entrop

32、y condition 遠場邊界條件far field boundary condition 流入邊界條件inflow boundary condition 無反射邊界條件nonreflecting boundary condition 數值邊界條件numerical boundary condition流出邊界條件outflow boundary condition 馮.諾伊曼條件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method 人工壓縮artificial compression 人工粘性artificial visc

33、osity 邊界元法boundary element method 配置方法collocation method 能量法energy method 有限體積法finite volume method 流體網格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method 通量校正傳輸法flux-corrected transport method 通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method 伽遼金法Galerkin method 積分方法integral method 標記網格法marker and cell method, MAC method 特征線法met

34、hod of characteristics 直線法method of lines 矩量法moment method 多重網格法multi- grid method 板塊法panel method 質點網格法particle in cell method,PIC method 質點法particle method 預估校正法predictor-corrector method 投影法projection method 準譜法pseudo-spectral method 隨機選取法random choice method 激波捕捉法shock-capturing method 激波擬合法shoc

35、k-fitting method 譜方法spectral method 稀疏矩陣分解法split coefficient matrix method 不定常法time-dependent method 時間分步法time splitting method 變分法variational method 渦方法vortex method 隱格式implicit scheme 顯格式explicit scheme 交替方向隱格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADIscheme 反擴散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme 緊差分格式compact difference scheme 守恒差分格式conservation differencescheme