1、Unit 31. Teaching objectivesKnowledge objectives: students can master some key words and expressions ofthe text. Students can acquire more about the present perfect tense & the past perfect tense. Students can learn how to develop a paragraph by time.(2)Ability objective: CD students can improve the

2、 abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Students can develop the ability of studying by themselves and cooperating.(3)Emotional objectives:CD students can get more interested in Chinese traditionalarchitecture.(2) students can develop a sense of pride to Chinese culture .2. Teaching

3、key points: help the students have a better understanding of the present perfect tense and the past perfect tense.3. Teaching difficult points: enable students to pronounce plosives properly and express worries& responses.4. Teaching ProcedurePart One Listening and SpeakingStep 1. Pronunciation and

4、listening skillsListen to a song and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Tips在英語朗讀中，遇到爆破音 +爆破音時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音只作發(fā)音姿勢(shì)，剛要發(fā)出時(shí)，立即發(fā) 出第二個(gè)爆破音。如： what time , goodbye。遇到爆破音+摩擦音時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音作好發(fā) 音姿勢(shì)，剛發(fā)出即過渡到摩擦音。爆破音發(fā)出的聲音非常輕微，有時(shí)甚至聽不出來。如： picture , good child 。1發(fā)音技巧(1)爆破音是指發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙，然后氣流沖破阻礙而發(fā)出的音。爆破音有六個(gè)，即 /p/, /b/, /t/, /

5、d/, /k/和 /g/ 。(2)發(fā)爆破音+爆破音組合中的第一個(gè)爆破音時(shí)，氣流不必沖破阻礙，而只是發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙，并稍作停頓。也就是說，只作發(fā)音姿勢(shì)，剛要發(fā)出時(shí)，立即發(fā)出第二個(gè)爆 破音。這個(gè)發(fā)音過程叫做“完全爆破”。(3 )發(fā)爆破音+摩擦音(/f/ , /v/ ,/。/,/ e /, /s/ , /z/ ,/?/,/?/, /h/ , /r/ )組 合中的爆破音時(shí)，發(fā)音器官不形成阻礙而只形成一個(gè)很狹小的縫隙，讓氣流從縫隙中流出。也就是說發(fā)音器官作好發(fā)爆破音的姿勢(shì)，剛發(fā)出該音即過渡到摩擦音，爆破音非常的輕微， 有時(shí)甚至聽不出來。這個(gè)發(fā)音過程叫做“不完全爆破”。2歌曲中的完全爆破和不完全

6、爆破(1 )完全爆破A very good place to start; a note to follow so; a drink with jam and bread; That ll bring us back to_do oh oh oh(2 )不完全爆破有:The first three notes just happen to beStep 2. ConversationsConversation 1 - Expressing worries & responses1. Listen to a conversation and choose the best answer to e

7、ach of the following questions.1. B 2. B 3. C2. Listen again and complete the following sentences with what you hear.ScriptsHi! Lucy, I notice that you are eating less than before. Are you trying to lose weight?Right, Annie. I m particularly anxious about my weight these days.But you really got no n

8、eed to worry about it. You look very slim!Actually, there will be a party in one month. And I want to fit into my dress and look nice in it.Oh, I see.But I just can t imagine how I can get into shape and fit into the dress in sucha short time. Look at my body! I can t help worrying.But I don t think

9、 dieting really works. It s better to have a healthylifestyle,eating more fruits and vegetables, drinking lots of water, and hitting the gym as often as possible. That s what works for me.Cool! Well, I ll keep your words in mind.3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following

10、situations.You may refer to the Functional Language.Functional LanguageConversation 2 - Expressing worries & responses1. Listen to a conversation and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.2. Listen again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F).Scripts

11、Sandy, what s the matter? You don t look well.Oh, Joe, I m worried about my homework.What is it? Is it very difficult to do?At least it is not easy for me. It is a composition. We need to hand it in tomorrow morning. It s really worrisome.There is nothing to worry about. Tell me what it is about.The

12、 title of the composition is “Should the university campus be open to tourists? . Just the thought of writing such a composition makes me worry.Try not to worry. I ll give you a hand. In the first paragraph you can just state that visiting universities has become increasingly popular.But I don t thi

13、nk that university campus should be open to tourists.OK. Very good. Then state your own opinion in the following part. And give your reasons why you disapprove. Two or three reasons should be enough. In the last paragraph, just restate your opinion.That doesn t sound so hard. I ll try it. Thank you

14、for your help.3. Role-play a conversationin pairs according to one of the following situations.You may refer to the Functional Language.Functional LanguageStep 3. Passage1. Listen to a passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.1. A 2. B 3. C2. Listen again and decide whet

15、her the following statements are true (T) or false (F).ScriptsWang Shu, born on November 4th, 1963 in Urumqi, Xinjiang, is a famous architect in China. Heis also the dean of the School of Architectural Art of the China Academy of Art. In 2012, Wang became the first Chinese citizen to win the Pritzke

16、r Architecture Prize, the world s top prize in architecture.Instead of looking toward the west for inspiration, Wang tries to develop a new language for Chinese architecture. He roots his works in Chinese history and culture, and creates modern buildings by making use of traditional materials and te

17、chniques. For instance, the Xiangshan campus of Hangzhou s China Academy of Art he designed, has a roof built with 2,000,000 tiles collected from traditional houses.Wang s success, to some extent, can inspire other Chinese architects to follow in his footsteps.3. Work in groups to talk about a famou

18、s architect that you know. Then each group chooses a representative to make an introduction to the architect to the class. The introduction should include the following information.The architect that I m going to introduce is Jorn Utzon, the architect whodesigned the Sydney Opera House. Jorn Utzon w

19、as born on April 9, 1918 in Copenhagen, Denmark. He received his Diploma in Architecture from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen. He once worked in Sweden until the end of World War II and returned to Copenhagen in 1950 to open his own architectural practice. Jorn Utzon died in Copenh

20、agen on November 29, 2008.His legacy lives on through the Sydney Opera House as well as the many other magnificent structures he designed around the world, like Bagsvaerd Church and the Paustian Furniture Store in Copenhagen. Utzon always considers site conditions and program requirements before he

21、designs each building. He transcends architecture as art and develops his forms into poetic inventions that possess thoughtful programming, structural integrity, and sculptural harmony.Part Two ReadingPassage A Chinese architect wins major prizeStep 1. Lead-in1. Architecture appreciationWhat do you

22、know about the following buildings? Which of the above designs do you like best? Why?2. Pre-reading questions1) Do you know any famous architects? Can you introduce us about their personal experiences, architectural style and their major works?2) What do you know about Chinese architecture?3) Can yo

23、u list some famous architecture in the world?4) Which Chinese architecture is of greatest architectural interest to you? Do you know its stories or histories?Step 2. Text studyI. Text readingII. Language points1. I was delighted to hear the recent news that the Chinese architect, Wang Shu, had been

24、awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize.中國建筑師王潮近日榮獲普里茲克建筑學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，喜訊傳來，我非常欣喜。be delighted to很高興做某事I was delighted to see my old friend.delighted 是由動(dòng)詞 delight 加-ed構(gòu)成的形容詞。有類似用法的單詞還有surprise +ed=surprised ,amaze + ed=amazed , astonish + ed=astonished 。 the recent news 后面接了一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。2. As a Canadian ar

25、chitect working on many projects throughout Chinaover the last15 years, I have been fortunate to work together with many great Chinese architects and artists.作為一名加拿大建筑師，我在過去的15年間參與了中國各地的眾多工程項(xiàng)目，曾有幸與中國許多杰出的建筑師和藝術(shù)家們一起工作。as用作介詞，意思為作為；以 的身份 作為大學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)，斯密斯教授非常負(fù)責(zé)任。As the president of this university, Prof. Sm

26、ith is very responsible.3. I was not so surprised to hear the news as I have witnessed a cultural renaissance in the arts in China,in particular, in the fields of contemporary art andarchitecture.聽到這個(gè)消息我并不感到意外，因?yàn)槲矣H眼目睹了中國藝術(shù)界的一場(chǎng)“文化復(fù)興”，尤其是在當(dāng)代藝術(shù)和建筑領(lǐng)域。as用作連詞，意思為由于；因?yàn)?因?yàn)槟悴辉谀抢铮伊袅藗€(gè)信息。As you weren t there,

27、I left a message.4. But the days of Chinese architects sitting in the background with the task of working out the construction details of someone else s vision are quickly comingto an end.但是，過去中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師坐在幕后兢兢業(yè)業(yè)為別人的夢(mèng)想而打點(diǎn)細(xì)枝末節(jié)的日子就要一去 不復(fù)返了。這句話的主語是 the days ,謂語是 are coming to an end 。 the days 后的of引導(dǎo)的介 詞短語

28、作后置定語，修飾 the days 。sitting in the background 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語彳定語，修飾 Chinese architects ; with the task of. 表伴隨，作動(dòng)詞sit的伴隨狀語。5. Perhaps we are witnessing a turning point, a time when China can draw upon its own culture-makers, rather than depending on the ideas and cultural interpretations of China from those

29、abroad.也許我們正見證著一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，在這個(gè)時(shí)代中，中國不再依賴于國外人士對(duì)其理念和文化的闡釋，轉(zhuǎn)而寄希望于本國的文化制造者。a time 后面接了一個(gè) when引導(dǎo)的定語從句。rather than 而不是鮑勃決定退出，而不是接受新規(guī)則。Bob decided to quit rather than accept the new rules.6. For me, his greatest contribution is in how he uses his creative power to balance the interpretation of regional and cultur

30、al influences with his highly artful and personal vision.在我看來，他最大的貢獻(xiàn)在于他是如何運(yùn)用自己的創(chuàng)造力和有獨(dú)特品味的個(gè)人視角，找到了詮釋地域和文化影響的平衡點(diǎn)。in在這里表示在 方面。文中 in后面接了一個(gè)賓語從句，該從句使用的是陳述語序。 balance sth. with sth.:使 和 均衡，協(xié)調(diào)他們需要協(xié)調(diào)好伐木工作和森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。They need to find a balance between logging jobs and the forest ecosystem.7. I amsometimes troubl

31、ed by what I see being built in cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and elsewhere in China, which have almost become a foreig n architect s playground. 我有時(shí)會(huì)為自己在北京、 上海及其他一些中國城市所看到的在建項(xiàng)目而憂慮，因?yàn)槟切┑胤?儼然已成了外國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師的游樂園。介詞by之后跟了一個(gè) what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。She was shocked by what she had seen.which在句中引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是 cities

32、。8. award1) v. to give sb. a prize or other reward because he / she has achieved sth.授予;給予；The champion was awarded the gold medal.2) n. a prize or money given to sb. for sth. that he / shehas achieved 獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)金孩子接過獎(jiǎng)品時(shí)對(duì)老師微笑。The child smiled at his teacher as he received the award.9. witness1) v. to see s

33、th. happen, especially an accident or a crime親眼看至U;目擊有誰目擊了這場(chǎng)交通事故？Did anyone witness the traffic accident?2) n. sb. who saw an accident or a crime目擊者目擊者正在講述整個(gè)事故的過程。The witness was telling about the whole accident.10. individual1) adj. belonging to or intended for one person rather than a group個(gè)人的他們等待

34、團(tuán)體作決定而不是各自作出決定。They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions.2) n. C single human being 個(gè)人孩子的個(gè)體意識(shí)在入學(xué)前的幾年中逐漸增強(qiáng)。A childs awareness of being an individual grows in stages during the pre-schoolyears.11. interpret1) vt. to explain or decide on the meaning of an event, statemen

35、t, etc.說明； 闡明她把他的沉默解釋為傲慢。She interpret his silence as arrogance.2) vt. & vi. to change words spoken in one language into another口譯在聯(lián)合國做口譯是件難度很大的差事。To interpret at the UN is a difficult task.12. draw uponto use your money, experiences, etc. to help you do sth.禾U用； 使用她將不得不拿出自己全部的勇氣和決心。She would have t

36、o draw upon all her courage and determination.作為演員，你必須利用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)去塑造可信的角色。As an actor, you have to draw upon your experience to create believable characters. 13. tap intoto use or take what you need from a supply of sth.禾U用； 開發(fā)我很想探尋海外市場(chǎng)。Id really like to tap into the overseas market.你如何才能利用好這些資源呢？How ca

37、n you tap into this resource? 14. turn the tablesto change a situation completely so that sb. loses an advantage and you gain one扭轉(zhuǎn)局面；轉(zhuǎn)敗為勝這能夠讓他以讓人驚訝的方式轉(zhuǎn)敗為勝。This enables him to turn the tables in a surprising way.希望在下場(chǎng)比賽后我們能扭轉(zhuǎn)局面并再次獲得勝利。Hopefully we can turn the tables in the next race and fight for a

38、 win again.Step 3. Exercise1. Comprehension1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).2. Answer the following questions.1) . According to the passage, what is Wang Shu s gr eatest contribution to Chinese architecture?Wang s greatest contribution is that he uses his creative

39、 power to balance the interpretation of regional and cultural influences with his highly artful and personal vision.2) . What is the significance of WangShu s winning of the Pritzker Architecture Prize?The award will inspire young Chinese designers to have confidence in themselves and attach more im

40、portance to the land, culture, people, and the sense of place in their process of creation.2. Vocabulary & Structure1. Complete the following crossword based on the information given.2. Compare each pair of words and complete the following sentences with the right one. Change the form if necessary.3

41、. Add the suffix-ed to the words given below. Then complete the followingsentences with the words thus formed.4. Combine the following sentences using the structureyet.3. Translation1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Chinese sentences into English with the help of the2. Translate the

42、following words or phrases given in brackets.Part Three Grammar The present perfect tense & the past perfect tense(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)) 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但與現(xiàn)在的情況有關(guān)系，即用一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作來說明現(xiàn)在的情況。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have / has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。二、過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，即在“過去的過去”完成的動(dòng)作。過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Grammar

43、- Exercises1. Choose the correct tense of the verbs in brackets to complete the following sentences.2. Complete the following sentences with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.Part Four WritingNotes按時(shí)間展開段落是按照時(shí)間的先后順序展開段落一一先發(fā)生的事情先說，后發(fā)生的事情后 說。Keys 4 7623581Part Five Cultural Express1. Famous architecture in the worldStatue Of LibertyThe Arc de TriompheThe Acropolis of Athens2. QuestionsWork in groups to discuss the following questions.1) . C