1、2019年9月中考英語專項復(fù)習(xí)一一賓語從句【賓語從句命題】中考對賓語從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：1 .引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2 .賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的時態(tài)。【考點詮釋】?賓語從句在初中英語語法中有 著相當(dāng)重要的地位，幾乎每年的中考都 有對賓語從句不同角度的考查。其考查 的重點一般都集中在以下幾個方面：一、連接詞賓語從句的連接詞分為三類：1 .引導(dǎo)陳述句用純連接詞that (在口語 或非正式文體中常常省略)。2 .引導(dǎo)一般疑問句用if或whether,句 一I” .中翻譯為“是否”。注意：下列幾種情況通常使用 whether： (1)在具有選擇意義又有or或or not時

2、，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往 用whether; (2)在介詞之后用 whether;(3)在不定式前用whether等。精心整理3.引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊 疑問詞。（連接代詞和連接副詞，“黃 金搭檔”原則）一 Excuse me, could you tellme?There's a bank on the secondfloor . You can make it there .黃岡市A where I can change money一夕 IB how I can get to thebank'I X 、S產(chǎn) s X.z"C if there

3、's a bank near hereD. where the bank is二、語序?在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，不管 主句是陳述句還是疑問句，從句一律是 用“連接詞+陳述句語序”，其標(biāo)點符 號由主句來決定。?1. -Do you know now?一 In the People's Hotel .北京市A where is Tom workingB where did Tom work精心整理C. where Tom is workingD. where Tom worked三、時態(tài)1 .如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時 或一般將來時，賓語從句的時態(tài)可視情 況使用任何一種相關(guān)的時

4、態(tài)。2 .如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，賓 語從句必須使用過去相應(yīng)的某一種時o3 .如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實、普 遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不 管主句是用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)習(xí)慣上 都用一般現(xiàn)在時。4 .情態(tài)動詞could / would 用于“請求”，表示委婉、客氣的語氣時，從句 ,-j I一廠 '時態(tài)不受主句的約束。?Excuse me, could you tell me when_the new Olympic Center?沈陽市A. are we visitedB will wevisitC we are visitedD we will visit-Could y

5、ou tell me whom the radio by?Sorry , I have no idea .福州市A. inventsB inventedC is inventedD. was invented（河d匕）I didn ' t understand, so I raised my hand toask.?A. what my teacher says? B.what does my teacher say?C. what my teacher said? D.what did my teacher say I X ）步 a四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移?當(dāng)賓語從句表示否定的意義時，若主句主語

6、為第一人稱且謂語動詞是think / believe / suppose / expect等時，應(yīng)在主句上加以否定。五、簡化?賓語從句在一定條件下，可以簡 化為“特殊疑問詞+不定式”、“it +形 容詞+不定式短語”、復(fù)合賓語、動詞不 定式（名詞、動名詞、形容詞或副詞、 過去分詞）短語、名詞和過去分詞等。精心整理I don ' t know what I should do withthe letter. (改為簡單句)(山東煙 臺)I don ' t know whatwith the letter.?A、注意點? if / when 既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句， 也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句

7、，應(yīng)注意它們在兩 種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if / when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，意思分別為“是 否”和“何時”，此時它們的時態(tài)根據(jù) 具體情況而定。if和when引導(dǎo)狀語從句 時，意思分別為“如果”和“當(dāng)?shù)?時候”，此時如果主句是一般將來時， 從句部分則用一般現(xiàn)在時。,-jI'七、綜合考查-Did Mr White tell you-?-Yes. He said he went there in 2013.福州市A. when he traveled to TibetB. how he goes to WuhanC. Where he spent his holidaysD. why d

8、id he visitKunming【語法回顧】賓語從句賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作 及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形 容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同 連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有 廠r I， y y語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和' X 1i非正式文體中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay athome.他說他想呆在家里。She doesn t know (that) she is seriously ill. 她不知道她病得很嚴(yán)重。I am sure (that) he will su

9、cceed. 我 確信他會成功。如:2. 由連接代詞 who, whom,whose, what, which 和連接副詞 when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連 接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例精心整理Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?你知道他們在等誰嗎？He asked whose handwriting was the best.他問誰的書法最好。Can you tell me where the No.3 busstop is? 你能告訴我3路公共汽車站在 哪兒嗎？I d on' t k

10、now why the train is late. 我不知道火車為什么晚了。I can't imagine why he did that thing .我不能想像他為什么做了那件 事。Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道 我們?yōu)槭裁窗堰\動會推遲到下個月嗎？ ,-jI一廠'以上兩個例句的賓語從句相當(dāng)于一個 特殊疑問句，分別為：whydid he do that thing?和 Why have you put off the sports meet till next mont

11、h? 由于賓 語從句要求陳述句語序，故而在從句中 它變成了陳述語序。請看下列兩 組句子：How much does this coat cost? 這件 衣服值多少錢？I want to know how much this coat costs .我想知道這件衣服值多少錢。 Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天 去哪兒了 ？Please tell me where you went yesterday .請告訴我你昨天去哪兒了。當(dāng)疑問代詞what, who在特殊疑問 句中做主語時，該特殊疑問句本身就是 陳述句語序，所以當(dāng)該句用來做賓語時， I 1 I語序不需要調(diào)整。

12、What's wrong with you? 怎么了 ？He asked the girl what was wrong with her.他問這個女孩怎么回事了。What's the matter?怎么了？He asked the girl what was the matter .他問這個女孩怎么了。What has happened to him? 他發(fā)生什 么事了 ？We want to know what has happened to him.我們想知道他發(fā)生了什么事。精心整理同類句式還有： Who broke the window?誰打破的窗戶？Whois in

13、the classroom?誰在教室里？ What made him so angry . 什么使得他 如此生氣。3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 表示“是否”，二者通常可以互換。例 如：Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉問她是否喜歡它。I want to know if （whether） he lives there.我想知道他是否住在這兒。He asked mewhether （if） I could help him.他問我是否可以幫助他。但語義有點區(qū)別： ,-JI gy /1） whether強(qiáng)調(diào)猶豫和選擇，多見于書 面語中；if只

14、限于條件，常用于口 語。例如：Write and tell mewhether I'm to come. 請寫信告訴我，我是否該來。Write and tell me if I'm to come. 如 果我該來，請寫信告訴我（相當(dāng)于說： 若我不必來，那就不用費心寫信給我 了。）2） whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從名和讓 步狀語從句，if只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句 和條件狀語從句。由if引導(dǎo)的從句，首先要弄清楚是賓語從句，還是條 件狀語從句，然后再確定時態(tài)。若是 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，謂語動詞應(yīng)用一 般現(xiàn)在（過去）時代替一般將來（過 去將來）時。例如：If you don't go

15、 soon, you' ll be late. i X 1 ,CX i如果你不馬上去就會遲到。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)一個非真實條件句時，從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去式（如果是be,則 不論主語的人稱和數(shù)，一律用were）, 主句謂語動詞用“would+動詞原形”。例如：If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每個國民都懂得急救（的知識）， 許多生命就會得以挽救。3） whether和if都可以與or no連用。但 if與or not之間常需要用詞語隔開，精心整理而whether與or not可連用，也可

16、隔開。例如：Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell mewhether the train has left or not?） 你能告訴我火車是否離開了嗎？I don't care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽車是否壞 了。4）下列情況，只用whether作引導(dǎo)詞： 引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句、讓步狀語從句。例如：Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.他來不來與我無關(guān)。I amin d

17、oubt whether I ought to give ,-JI gy /this plan my approval.我決定不了是否該同意這項計劃。What I want to know is whether you can5）與不定式連用：例如：I don't know whether to accept orrefuse.我不知道是該接受還是該拒絕。6）在介詞后作介賓。例如：I am not interested in whether youlike the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡那項計劃。4） think , believe , suppose, imagi

18、ne , guess等表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”等的動 詞后的賓語從句 X 11）否定轉(zhuǎn)移在以上動詞之后的賓語從句中，有 時謂語盡管是否定含義，卻不用否定形 式，而把主句中的上述動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ?式，這就叫否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I don't think the book is worthbuying .我認(rèn)為這本書不值得買。help me.我想知道的是你是否能幫助我。Whether we go or stay, the result isthe same.不管我們是走還是留，其結(jié)果是一樣的。I don't believe they have finishedtheir work .我相信他們并

19、未完成他們 的工作。I don't suppose he cares . 我猜想他 們不會介意的。精心整理We don't expect they will haveeverything done .我們希望他們沒有把 事全做完。2)存在這種否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象的句了在作反 意疑問句時，具有如下特點：在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動 詞是think , believe , suppose, imagine , guess等，主句主語是第一人稱以外的人 稱時，反意疑問句應(yīng)針對主句。You don't think he can finish his work, do you? 你認(rèn)為

20、他不能完成他的工作， 是嗎？He doesn't believe that we have comeback, does he?他認(rèn)為我們還沒回來呢，':7i是嗎？,-J I gy /但是如果主句主語是第一人稱時， 反意疑問詞部分的主語和時態(tài)要與賓語 從句保持一致，并注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I don't think you are an actor , are you?我認(rèn)為你不是一個演員，是嗎？I suppose you have been to Beijing , haven't you ?我想你去過北京。是嗎？另外，當(dāng)think , suppose, believ

21、e , imaging , guess這類表示 “認(rèn)為”、 “猜 想”的動詞作主句謂語時，常會出現(xiàn)一 種以疑問詞起頭的雙重疑問句。What do you think he is? 你認(rèn)為他是 做什么的？How much time do you suppose I must spend on it?你認(rèn)為我得花多少時間來做這件事？二.賓語從句的語序r I f；賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例'I X 1(I .s. ；如：I hear (that) physics isn ' t easy.我聽說物理不容易。I think (that) you will like thissc

22、hool soon.我認(rèn)為你不久會喜歡這所 學(xué)校。Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?你能告訴我怎么到動物園嗎？Please tell me when we ' ll have the meeting.請告訴我我們什么時候開會。三.賓語從句的時態(tài)精心整理1 .若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時， 則從句的時態(tài)不限可視句子意義使用所 需要的任何時態(tài)。例如：We all know chicken can't swim. 我們 都知道雞不會游泳。Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.難道你不認(rèn)為吉

23、姆講的太快了 嗎？He says he will come back.他說他會回來。2 .若主句是祈使句，從句謂語動詞也可 用所需要的任何時態(tài)。例如：Show me which picture is yours. 讓我 看看哪張照片是你的。7iPlease tell us where we will go. 請 ,-J I gy /告訴我要去哪里。3 .若主句是一般過去時，從句必須用過 去時態(tài)的某一種。例如：I knew she had swept the floor already. 我知道她已經(jīng)掃過地了。He asked if I was doing my homework this ti

24、me yesterday.他問我昨天這個時候是否在做作業(yè)。2019年9月4 .若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象 或永恒不變的規(guī)律時，則不受主句時態(tài) 的限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： Our teacher told us light travelsmuch faster than sound.老師告訴我們光傳播的速度比聲音快得多。They knew the sun is muchbigger than the earth then. 他們那時就知道太陽比 地球大得多，He said that one and one makes two. 廣r I ； 門他說一加一等于二。 x 1<【中考真

25、題】1. I wonder at 8:00last night?- I was watching NBA.A. What were you doing B. What did you do C .what you were doing D.What are you doing2.1 don't remember thebook yesterday.A. where I put B. where did I putC. where will I putD. where l will put精心整理2019年9月3. I don ' t know.-Because he has t

26、o look after his mother.A. why he is leaving B. why is he leaving C. whether he is leaving D. whether is he leaving4.1 didn ' t understand . So IA. Excuse me, Could youtell ?Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left.A. where is the museumB. which is the way to the museumC. how

27、far is the museumraised my hand to askD. how can I get to the museuma. what myteachersays B. what my8. I don ' t knowteacher say C.what my teacherA. where she comesfrom . B.saidhow old is she C. When was she5. They wonderrobots willborn ?make humans lose their jobs or notA. thatB.177： 1 , ifC. w

28、hetherI'匕"6.Can you tell me?A. how much is the red sweater B. how much the red sweater isC .what' s th e price of the red sweater D. how many the red sweater is9.-Could you tell me?- At nine o' clock, in ten minutes.A. how will he leave B. when he has left C. why he is leaving D. wh

29、en he will leave10 .The woman asked the policeman where.A .the post office is B. was the post office C. is the post office D.the post office was11 .-Could you tell me?School.2019年9月精心整理At the end of July.A. how often he heard from his pen palB. how soon he will be hereC. that he went on vacation D.w

30、hen you will start your vacation 12.Could you tell me a meetingin Guangzhou next week?A. if there was going to be B.if there is going to beC. whether is there going to be D. whether there is going to have 13. 一I' m hungry now. Could you please tell me? Sure. Follow me, please.A. where there '

31、; s a good place ,-jI.J'to have fun B. the way to the post officeC. where I can get a dictionaryD. where there ' s a good place to eat 14. Bob, please tell me. In South HillA. where will the match be heldB. where the match will be heldC. when will the match be heldD. when the match will be h

32、eld15. 一 Did the radio say?Yes, from Hunan.A. how the bad rice cameB. where the bad rice camefromC. how did the bad rice comeD. where did the bad rice come'I X 1 Lfrom16. Excuse me. Can you tellme ?At about 8 o ' clock, sir .A. what time the plane will reachBeijingB. what time willthe plane

33、arrive in BeijingC. what time the plane will arriveBeijingD. what time willthe plane get to Beijing精心整理 17. 一 Please tell me the scarf?一She bought it online, I guess.A.if Alice liked B.when Alicebought C.where Alice bought D.how much did Alice pay for18 . Could you please tell me?They/ re over there

34、.A. where are the restrooms B. where were the restroomsC. where the restrooms are D. where the restrooms were19 .-How soon will you start your 7 .7i journey? ,-j I/ /-I ' m not sure. I haven ' tdecided.A when shall I ask the boss for leave B where I will go to spend the holiday C whether I w

35、ould go by train or by plane D who could invite meto go 20.-1 wonder when be held.2019年9月- If it, we ' ll have it next Monday.A. the sports meeting will; doesn ' t rain B. will the sports meeting; doesn t rainC. the sports meeting will; will not rain21. Alice interviewed somepeople and asked

36、 them about on Father's Day .A. what they do B. what they did. C. what they will do . i X 1 1CX % 第I . Vs.,_*22. Do you know I saw yesterday?It was my favorite star, Jackie!A. whom B. when C.where D. how23. 一 How long does it take to get to the airport?Forty minutes. But it ' s foggy today.

37、I ' m not sure the highway will closes soon.Let' s set off earlier.A. whetherB. whenC. how D. whyYes. There is one on Center精心整理24. If you can ' t find the place, ID. where Miss Zhou iswill show you.A. what it is B. what it wasC. where it is D. where it was25. 一 Could you tell me inyour

38、hometown in winter?Sure.A. whether does it often snowC. if it often snowD. if does it snow26. Teenagers with workingexperiences know more clearlythey will be in thefuture.A. whoB. whyC.,-jI.J'where D. what27. Someones knocking at the door, dad!一 Go and see.A. who is itB. who it isC. who was it D

39、. who it was28.-Could you please tell me?Street.A. where can I buy somestamps B. when you will take your vacationC. when was the telephone inventedD. if there are any good restaurants around here29. : CoBldwhethelr itieften snows:This way, please.A. where are the special shoesB. where the special sh

40、oes are X i & z >'-i . vrx, r s .C. where will be the special shoes30. People in Yancheng are proud of they haveachieved in the past thirty years.A. howB. whichC. whatD. when31. Could you please tell me She is under the big tree over there .A. where is Miss ZhouB.where was Miss ZhouC. where Miss Zhou was精心整理32. Could you tell me ? I'm going to pick you up at the airport.一At 15:45 this Friday.A. where you met meB. who you are coming withC