1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Design principle and analyses of the motioncharacteristics of4H-2type peanut harvesterShang Shuqi,Wang Jiangang,Wang Fangyan,Liu Shuguang,Jiang Yuanzhi(EngineeringSchool,LaiyangAgricultural University,Laiyang,Shandong,China)Abstract: The structure, working principle and design of main p

2、arts of the 4H-2 type peanut harvester were described andanalyzed, and the kinematics model of the main work parts was founded. On the basis of the optimized structure, therepresentative tracks of the work parts were described by means of Visual Basic and SPSS software and the machinefunction charac

3、teristics. The theoretical foundation has been provided for further study of this kind of machines.Key words: Peanut harvester; design principle; motion characteristicsCLC number: S225.73 Document Code: A Article ID:1002-6819(2005)01-0087-051 IntroductionThe peanut is one of the main oil plants in t

4、he world, which is only inferior to soybean but ranks the second for oil production and international trade.For a long time, the planting, harvesting and processing of peanut were mostly completed by manual work. It is a piece of labored work with low efficiency, which affects the peanut production

5、seriously. Especially in the last few years, as the transferring surplus rural labors to urban areas, the contradiction of each link of peanut production is more intensifying, the mechanization of the peanut production becomes particularly important. It has been a long time for researching and devel

6、oping the peanut harvesters in developed countries, it is a typical representative that the LP-2 type peanut harvester and peanut combine harvester of Courtesy lf Lilli ston Mfg. Co. in the United States and PH-2 type peanut harvester of Michigan in Netherlands. The development of peanut harvester i

7、n China is later than that in developed countries, perhaps the beginning of the 1960s. Since the 1970s, many representative mimic peanut harvesters were introduced into China such as the Dongfeng 69 type, 4HW-800 type and 4H-150 type peanut harvester etc.These products bring convenience for harvesti

8、ng peanut, but the structure of all current harvesters adopted the two steps of harvest principlescoop and separating chain combine together. These machines have to match with the medium-big power tractors. It is not only complex in structure, higher manufacturing costs, more power consumption, poor

9、 reliability, but also higher harvesting loss rate, peanut vines spread disorderly, and inconvenient for manual collection. It is not suitable for the current requirement of peanut harvesting and results in that the harvesting of peanut is almost completed by manual work at present. The mechanizatio

10、n level of peanut harvesting affected the development of the peanut production seriously. 2 Structure design of the peanut harvesterAnalysis of the whole machine structure 4H-2 type peanut harvester combines with the advanced method of planting and agricultural requirement, which can harvest two row

11、s at one working stroke. It matches with the 8.813.0 kW small four-wheel tractors. 4H-2 type peanut harvester is composed of gaging wheel, transmission shaft, eccentric wheel, pitman, long rocker-arm, erect axis, harvesting parts, long pitman, rocker-arm, mounting device and frame etc. The figure 2

12、shows its structure.1.gaging wheel 2.joint coupling 3.transmission shaft 4.erectaxis 5.long rocker-arm 6.long pitman 7.mounting device 8.rocker-arm 9.erect axis 10.harvester part 11.eccentricwheel 12.pitman 13.harvest part 14.frame Fig.2 Diagram of peanut harvesterThe driving power needed of the wor

13、k parts of 4H-2 type peanut harvester comes from the PTO of tractor. When the machine with tractor goes forward, the PTO drives eccentric wheel 11 pass through joint coupling 2 and transmission shaft 3. Then eccentric wheel 11 drives long rocker-arm 5 to move pass through pitman 12. As erect axis 4

14、and harvest parts 13 are made together, rocker 8 with long pitman 6 and long rocker-arm 5 constitute an inverse parallelogram mechanism, therefore harvest parts 10 and 13 swing with erect axis 4 and 9 with the same frequency and angle but contrary direction. The working process is: the scoops 10 and

15、 13 digging the peanut out and moving the peanut backward, while the lengthways grids continuously make the fanlike swing, and then break the admixture of soil and peanuts. By this movement the heavy soil sinks down via the grids, and the lighter peanut moves up, so that peanut is separated from soi

16、l well. The peanut is moving rearward continuously, finally even laying on the excavated ground, so it is convenient for manual collection.3：Function characteristics of the harvester The swing-digging principle and the inverse parallelogram mechanism have been successfully created and applied to 4H-

17、2 type peanut harvester. It had broken the traditional way which is scoop and separate chain to combine together for harvesting.(1) 4H-2 type peanut harvester should be matched with the small four-wheel tractors which are very universal. Its design is reasonable, with reliable working, steady functi

18、on, convenient adjustment, higher adaptability, and this machine can work in various fields and harvest all kinds of peanut.(2) In harvesting process, plastic film was not broken and easy collected with the peanut stalks. There is none leavings of them on the ground.(3) As created the swing-digging

19、principle, the whole resistance and the power consumption of the harvester have been reduced. By means of the swing function, the soil with heavy specific gravity sinking passes through the grids, and the peanut with lighter specific gravity moves up, so that the loss rate of peanut was reduced rema

20、rkably.4H-2 type peanut harvester is the new typical agricultural implement for the small scale farms of China and more suitable for Chinese peanut production. This harvester has the simpler structure and lower price. Its various performance indexes are superior to the Standard of technique indexes

21、for peanut harvesting in China. It can bring more economic benefit to the customers. References1 Duan Shufen, Hou Wenguang. The world peanut production and the trade outlookJ. Chinese agriculture bulletin,1990,6(2):21-25.2 Tao Shouxiang. The present condition and outlook of peanut high yield in Shan

22、dong provinceJ. Peanut science and technology,1993,2:26-29.3 Chen Chuanqiang. The broadcast lecture of the mechanization of peanut technique productionR. The agriculture machinery extension center of Shandong province,2000.4 The comprehensive mechanization technique of peanut production. The agricul

23、tural technique extension center of Shandong province,1999.5 Zhao Ming, et al. Peanut production machineryM. The publishing house of Hebei province,1981,81-90.6 Sun Yanhao. The peanut production & cultivation. The gold shield publishing house,1991,61-80.7 Peanut Institute of Shandong province. Peanu

24、t M . Jinan: Science &Technique Publishing House of Shandong Province,1982,46-52.4H-2型花生收獲機的設(shè)計原理及運動特性分析尚書旗，王方艷，劉曙光，趙忠海，王建春摘 要:通過對國內(nèi)外花生收獲機械的調(diào)研與資料檢索,綜述了用于分段收獲的花生挖掘犁、花生收獲機和用于聯(lián)合收獲的花生聯(lián)合收獲機的類型及特點。在系統(tǒng)介紹和分析了上述花生收獲機械以及用于分段收獲中花生摘果機的基礎(chǔ)上,從各種機型的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)特點、動力配套、性能指標(biāo)、適應(yīng)條件等多方面論述了國內(nèi)外花生收獲機械所具有的優(yōu)勢和存在的不足。結(jié)合中國加入世貿(mào)組織及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

25、調(diào)整對花生收獲機械帶來的挑戰(zhàn)與機遇,提出了發(fā)展中國花生收獲機械化的對策和建議。關(guān)鍵詞:花生 收獲機械 現(xiàn)狀 發(fā)展趨勢+1：引言花生是廣泛栽培的主要油料經(jīng)濟作物,在世界油料生產(chǎn)和國際貿(mào)易中僅次于大豆而居于第二位。隨著經(jīng)濟的全球化,花生生產(chǎn)無論對我國,還是對世界農(nóng)業(yè)均起著重要的作用。但長期以來,我國花生收獲環(huán)節(jié)基本都是靠人工完成的,勞動強度大,效率低下,制約著我國的花生生產(chǎn)。近幾年來,隨著農(nóng)村剩余勞動力的轉(zhuǎn)移,花生播種機械的推廣,花生收獲與花生生產(chǎn)各環(huán)節(jié)之間的矛盾突出。實現(xiàn)花生收獲過程的機械化作業(yè)已成為提高花生生產(chǎn)效益,增加農(nóng)民收入的重要組成部分?；ㄉ斋@機較花生挖掘犁在功能上有了進一步提高,實現(xiàn)

26、了挖掘和果土分離的功能,但仍需人工或機械撿拾、集運、摘果。國外花生收獲機械的研究起步較早,技術(shù)也比較先進,多采用兩段收獲法。較有代表性的是美國Courtesy of Lilli ston Mfg. Co.生產(chǎn)的LP2型花生收獲機、荷蘭Michigan生產(chǎn)的PH2型花生收獲機及美國Kelley Manufacturing公司生產(chǎn)的系列花生挖掘機,這些機型均采用挖掘鏟與分離鏈相組合的工作原理。我國對花生收獲機的研制是從20世紀(jì)60年代開始的,起步較晚。又在20世紀(jì)70年代末80年代初從美國引進花生挖掘機的基礎(chǔ)上得以發(fā)展起來。開始研制花生收獲機以來,已有多種類型的樣機或產(chǎn)品問世,如東風(fēng)-69型、4H

27、W-800型、4H-150型花生收獲機等,實現(xiàn)了我國花生生產(chǎn)從傳統(tǒng)的人力勞動到機械化的部分轉(zhuǎn)變,在我國花生生產(chǎn)機械化的發(fā)展過程中起到了一定地積極地作用。其中實際應(yīng)用的花生收獲機型中除東風(fēng)-69型是收獲前人工割蔓外,其余都是帶蔓收獲?；ㄉ斋@機中比較典型的是4HW系列花生挖掘機。該系列花生挖掘機可分別與之適應(yīng)的8.811 kW、1422 kW、36.8 kW等拖拉機配套,可一次完成花生的挖掘、抖土、鋪放等工序。2：傳動系統(tǒng)的運動機理分析4H 2型花生收獲機是目前應(yīng)用推廣較好的機械。該機械適應(yīng)當(dāng)前的種植體制,選用農(nóng)村普遍應(yīng)用的8.813 kW小四輪拖拉機為配套動力,可與多功能花生播種覆膜機配套使用

28、,是唯一可以將殘膜同花生一起收起,減少地膜殘余量的有效機械。但該收獲機的主要參數(shù)未進行系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計與理論分析,特別是重要的傳動部件沒有進行最佳結(jié)構(gòu)與運動參數(shù)的確定。工作時,有關(guān)參數(shù)需要逐步調(diào)試,影響花生收獲機的性能與作業(yè)質(zhì)量。為此,進一步從理論上研究4H 2型花生收獲機,對其主要參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化分析,對推動花生產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展具有重要意義。1.限深輪 2.萬向節(jié) 3.傳動軸 4、9 立軸 5.長擺桿 6.長連桿 7.懸掛裝置 8.擺桿 10、13 收獲部件 11.偏心傳動輪 12.連桿 14.膠帶輪 15.機架工作過程中,花生收獲機在拖拉機的牽引下一方面前進,一方面動力通過拖拉機的動力輸出軸、萬向節(jié)2、傳動軸3,帶動偏心傳動輪11以一定的速度轉(zhuǎn)動;偏心膠帶輪11則通過連桿12帶動長擺桿5運動,隨之帶動長連桿6、擺桿8運動。由于長擺桿5、擺桿8分別通過立軸4、9與收獲部件10、13