1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上 狀語從句用法詳解在主從復合句中修飾主句的動詞、形容詞、副詞等的從句叫狀語從句。一 時間狀語從句：起時間狀語作用的從句。when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, immediately, the moment, every time, whenever等。1. when, while, as 1) when“當.的時候”，表示主從句的謂語動作同時發生或先后緊接著發生。I was very happy when I heard from you.When you deal with th

2、em, you should be cautious. When I was young, I went to town myself. （延續性動詞）When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.（非延續性動詞）As a young man（=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting.2）while引導的時間狀語從句中謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞，側重主句動作和從句動作相對比。 My father was preparing a report

3、while I was playing games. Please don't talk so loud while others are working.3) while  意為“雖然,盡管”,還能引導讓步狀語從句.While it was late, he went on working. （雖然很晚了,但他還在繼續工作.） While he is in poor health, he works hard. （雖然他身體不好,但他還是努力工作.） 4）連接兩個并列句子,表示“對比”關系.例如： He went out f

4、or a walk, while I stayed at home. 他出去散步了,而我卻呆在家里.） I like singing while she likes dancing. （我喜歡唱歌,而她喜歡跳舞.） You like sports, while I prefer music. 5）as表示從句和主句的兩個動作交替進行或同時發生，可譯為“一邊.，一邊.” 或“隨著.”。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. As time goes on, it's getting war

5、mer and warmer.注意：如果主句表示的是短暫動作，而從句用延續性動詞的進行時態表示在一段時間內正在進行的動作，when, while與as可互換。When/ While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2. till, until和not. until 1）until/ till肯定句：主句的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞，主句、從句都為肯定式，意為“某動作一直延續到某時間點才停止”。 He remained there until/ till she arrived. You m

6、ay stay here until/ till the rain stops.2）否定句：主句的謂語動詞必須是非延續性動詞，從句為肯定式，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”。構成not.until/till，意為“直到.才”。She didn't go to bed until I come back. Don't worry. We won't set off until you arrive. 3）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。 Until you told me the news, I had no idea of it.4）not.until 句型中的

7、強調和倒裝用法。 強調句型：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 倒裝句型：Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. （not until置于句首，主句要用部分倒裝結構） Not until the clock struck 12 did she realize she must go home at once.3. before1）before“沒有來得及.就”“未.就”“.就.” Someone called me up in the night, but th

8、ey hung up before I could answer the phone.They had talked only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinion.2）before作“.才.” The bus driver almost knocked me down before he saw me. The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters were able to control it.3）before可譯為“趁”“

9、以免”“以防”等。 I'll do it before I forgot it. 趁還沒有忘，我現在就把這事做了。We'd better finish the work in time before the boss scolds us.4）before可譯為“（寧可.而）不愿”。 He'd die before he apologizes to them. 他寧死也不向他們道歉。 I'd give up the plan before I turn to him for help.注意：“It + be + 一段時間+ before從句”中的主句和從句的時態有

10、兩種情況：如果主句用一般將來時，則從句用一般現在時，意為“多長時間以后某事即將發生”； It won't be long before we meet again. 不久我們就會再見的。如果主句用過去時，從句也用過去時，意為“多長時間以后某事才發生”。 It was 3 years before he came back from abroad. 三年后他才從國外回來。4. since譯為“自從.”，主句常用現在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。 He has studied very hard since he came to our school.I haven't heard

11、any noise since I slept. He has written to me frequently since I was ill. 5. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner. than. , hardly/scarcely. when.和once（一.就）這些從屬連詞引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發生，主句的動作隨即發生，常譯作 “一.就.”。從句中用一般時態代替將來時態。 The moment I heard the voice,

12、 I knew father was coming. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 注意：no sooner.than; hardly. when.時態搭配： no sooner與hardly引導的句子的謂語動詞應用過去完成時， 而than與when引導的句子的謂語動詞應用一般過去時。 當把no sooner和hardly提到句首時，應用倒裝語序。 I had hardly got home

13、when it began to rain. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.6. every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名詞短語用來引 導時間狀語從句，表示“每當.；每次.；下次.”等。 Every/ Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. Th

14、e last time she saw James, he was lying in bed. I think of the things and the people when we studied there every time I go by my mother school.二 地點狀語從句：在句中作地點狀語的從句稱為地點狀語從句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引導詞有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere等。Make marks where you have questions. You can go anywhere you lik

15、e.Where there is a will, there is a way.注意：地點狀語從句與定語從句的區別where引導定語從句時，從句前應有一個表示地點的詞作先行詞；而狀語從句前則無需用先行詞。Go back where you came from.Go back to the village where you came from.You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.（狀語從句You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any que

16、stions.（定語從句）三 讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有although, though, as, even if, even though, while, whether.or.,whether(.) or not, whatever, no matter what/ how/ why等。1. though/although引導的讓步狀語從句1）although和though意義相同，都意為“雖然，即使”，表示讓步，可互換使用，區別在于although語氣較重，大多置于句首。2）though/ although引導讓步狀語從句時，主句若用yet或still引出，更加強調對比性，但不

17、可出現but。3）though引導的從句可以把表語、狀語、動詞等提至句首。在as though, even though中一般不可用although代替。同時although不可當副詞用，而though則可。 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. Short though it is, the article is very important.注意：though還可用作副詞，意為“可是，然而”，置于句末。He said he would come; he didn't, though. 他說他會

18、來，可是沒有來。2. even though/ even if 引導的讓步狀語從句Even though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.)Even if he is poor, she loves him. (= He may be poor, yet she loves him.)3. as引導的讓步狀語從句,從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實義動詞需提前至從句句首，作表語的單數可數名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需要省去。 Child as/ though he was, he knew what was the

19、right thing to do. = Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. Much as/ though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive. Try as/though you may, you will never succeed. Tired as/though he was, he continued to work.4. whether. or/ whether (.) or not引導的讓步狀語從句 You&#

20、39;ll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. Whether you believe it or not, it's true.5. while引導的讓步狀語從句表示“盡管”，比though/ although語氣弱。while引導 的讓步狀語從句一般要位于句首。 While I like the color, I don't like the shape. 我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀。 While I understand what you say, I can't agre

21、e with you. 6. what-ever引導的讓步狀語從句,常可換成“no matter+wh-詞”，但在引導名詞性從句時只能用wh-ever類詞。 I'll wait for you however (no matter how) late it is. Whoever (No matter) you are, you must keep the law.注意：“no matter+疑問詞”結構只能引導讓步狀語從句，而wh-ever類詞還可以引導名詞性從句或其他狀語從句。I'll eat whatever you give me. （what引導賓語從句）Whoeve

22、r comes will be welcome.（whoever引導主語從句）四 原因狀語從句 1.） because語氣最強，用以回答why引起的提問，它還可用于強調結構。 She was afraid to move because a snake was lying beside her. Why did they fail? It was because they didn't do their best. 2）as語氣弱，較口語化， as從句多置于主句之前。 As he was in a hurry, he left his bag home. As it was a pub

23、lic holiday, all the shops were shut.3）since的語氣比較弱，常表示對方已知的事實，往往相當于漢語的“既然”。 since從句多置于主句之前。 Since Monday is Bob's birthday, let's give him a party. Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me? 注意：上述三個詞為從屬連詞，而for是一個并列連詞。for有時可用來作附加說明，必須把其引起的句子放在某一句子之后。We should be more

24、careful, for it is already dark. 2. now that主要用于口語，表示微弱的原因， that有時可以省略。Now that you have come, you may as well stay.Now that everything is settled, I have no reason here.for the reason that的用法,that后是一個同位語從句，解釋說明reason的內容。I often go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music.For the reaso

25、n that I haven't worked hard, I'll have to cram before the coming examinations.由于平時不努力，考試前我只好臨時抱佛腳。that后的從句be happy that, be surprised that等中的that從句有時也被認為是原因狀語從句。I'm sorry that I haven't done so much as I should.We feel proud that our country is getting stronger and stronger.五 方式狀語從句

26、as, as if/though等as引導方式狀語從句。You must do the experiment as I do./You are fine just as you are.as if/ though引導方式狀語從句。1）as if/ though引導的方式狀語從句所表示的情況是事實或具有很大可能性時，She closed her eyes as if she was tired.2）如果從句所表示的情況不是事實，通常用虛擬語氣。He acted as if nothing had happened.He speaks English as if he were a foreine

27、r.It sounds as if he could solve the problem.They completely ignore these facts as if/ though they never existed.注意：as if/though也可以引導一個分詞短語，不定式短語或無動詞短語。 He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time. He cleared his throat as if to say something. The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.六 條件

28、狀語從句常用引導詞有if, unless, as/ so long as, once, in case, on condition that, supposing (that), providing (that), provided (that), given (that)等。在條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現在時表示一般將來時，I will definitely study medicine after I finish school.在條件狀語從句中,一般過去時表示過去將來時，We arrived at the airport before it rained.現在完成時表示將來完成時。Ill

29、 watch tv as soon as Ive finished my homework.if引導的條件狀語從句 If you ask him, he will help you. If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.unless引導的條件狀語從句, 意為“除非，若不”。 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. Unless it rains, the game will be played.on condition (that) 引導的條件狀語從

30、句,“在.條件下”。 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret. I will do it on condition that you help me.supposing/ proving/ provided/ given (that)可以用作連詞，意為“如果, 倘若”，引導條件從句表示一種假設條件。 Supposing (that) it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting? Providing/ Supposing/ Given/

31、Provided (that) you promise not to tell anyone else, I'll tell you the details. in case引導的條件狀語從句常放在主句前，表示“如果，假使”。 In case he comes, tell him to wait a while. In case anything important happens, please call me up.as/ so long as引導的條件狀語從句, 意思是“只要”。 So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter

32、 what you do. As/ So long as we don't lose heart, we'll overcome any difficulty.once引導的條件狀語從句，意為“一旦，一.就”，從句可置于主句前或后。 Once virtue is lost, all is lost. 一旦道德丟失了，什么都丟失了。 Once you show any fear, the dog will attack you.七 目的狀語從句,常用來引導目的狀語從句的有so, so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (tha

33、t), for the purpose that, lest等。 1. in order that, so that 引導的目的狀語從句需要用情態動詞，如 may/ might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ can/ could等。 They carved the words on the stone so that/ in order that the future generation should/ might remember what they had done. In order that we might see the sunrise, we sta

34、rted for the peak early. so that引導的從句只能置于主句之后，其中that有時可以省略。 We climbed high so (that) we might get a better view.2. for fear (that), in case, lest引導的目的狀語從句 We had a meeting and talked the matter face to face, for fear that there should be any misunderstanding. 我們開了一個面對面的會議討論這個問題，以免引起誤會。in case表示以防（萬

35、一）發生某種情況。Lest意為“以防”。 Take an umbrella with you in case/ lest it should rain. 帶著傘以防下雨。 八 結果狀語從句1. that, so, so that, so.that.,such that, such.that.等。 We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull city. He spoke at the top of his voice so that the students at the back heard him.

36、2. so. that. 引導的結果狀語從句so + 形容詞/副詞 + that 從句Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone home.so + 形容詞 + a/an + 可數名詞單數形式 + that從句Tom is so kind a boy that they all like to make friends with him.so + many/ much/ few/ little + 名詞 + that從句There is so little time left that we have to speed up.

37、3. such.that. 引導的結果狀語從句such + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數名詞單數形式 + that從句He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.such + 形容詞 + 可數名詞復數形式/不可數名詞 + that從句These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer.We had such terrible weather that we couldn't finish the work on time. so. that. 與suc

38、h. that.的區別so是副詞，其修飾的中心詞是形容詞、副詞；such是形容詞，其修飾的中心詞是名詞。 He spoke so fast that no one understand him. They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him. = Jack is such an honest worker that we all believe him.為了強調形容詞或副詞，so/such.that.引導

39、的結果狀語從句，可把so/such部分置于句首，主句用倒裝語序。 So excited was he that he could not fall into sleep. Such good news did we get that everyone was excited.九 比較狀語從句常用as.as, not as/so.as., than等連詞引導。“the + 比較級.，the + 比較級.”結構也可引導比較狀語從句。 同級比較常用“as. as.”結構。 He speaks English as well as you do. He woke up as suddenly as h

40、e had fallen asleep.不同級比較常用“not as/so.as.”結構。 His handwriting is not as good as yours (is). He doesn't speak English as well as you do.差級或最高級比較常用結構“.than.”。 He was more successful than we had expected. He can earn no more money than you can.比較關系的狀語從句常用結構為“the + 比較級.，the + 比較級.”。 The more careful

41、 you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. The sooner you are back, the better it will be.注意：what/as也可引導對稱或對比關系的狀語從句。 Food is to men what/ as oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。 Engines are to machines what/ as hearts are to animals. 引擎對于機器而言就好比心臟對動物一樣。十 狀語從句中的省略在表示時間、地點、條件、方式、比較或讓步等的狀語從句中，如果謂語含有動詞be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或其主語是it，那么從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（尤其是