1、短文改錯短文改錯是融語法知識與語言技能為一體的綜合性英語試題，旨在考查學生對語言的發(fā)現(xiàn)，判斷，糾正文章中錯誤的能力以及對詞匯、語法和語篇三要素的把握能力。一近幾年浙江卷高考短文改錯考點分布表詞性年份動詞形容詞名詞冠詞代詞介詞連詞固定短語謂語動詞非謂語動2012年1041111102011年1141012002010年1220112102009年201111310二短文改錯設置的錯誤的主要類型（1）動詞（謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和非謂語動詞）（1-5）（2）形容詞、副詞的辨析（1-4）（3）名詞的單復數(shù) (1-2)（4）不定冠詞與定冠詞（1-2）（5）代詞的格與數(shù) (1-2)（6）介詞的搭配（1-2

2、）（7）連詞的誤用（1-2）（8）固定詞組的搭配等1）動詞（謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和非謂語動詞）主謂一致, 謂語動詞的時態(tài)，語態(tài) 動詞時態(tài)考點主要涉及一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去的區(qū)別，從所涉及的動詞來看，主要涉及be 和 have兩個常用動詞。有時也涉及其他時態(tài)，如一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等.（1）Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. （was 改為 were，因先行詞 two men 是復數(shù)，所以修飾該先行詞的定語從句的謂語動詞也應用復數(shù)）（全國卷）（2

3、）Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. （give 改為 gives，它與makes 為平行結構，構成并列謂語動詞） （全國卷）（3）Today，it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. （第二個is 改為 was） （全國卷）（4）If the book you will want is out，you may ask for it t

4、o be called back for you.（去掉 will）（全國卷） (5) These trees have planted in the garden.（have后加been,考查的是被動）單句演練：（1） As is known to us all， remembering English words are not easy.（2） The police was looking for the murderer everywhere in the city.（3） It is the parents and their son who wants to buy the bic

5、ycle.（4） What he said at the meeting were very important to us.（5） Well stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow.（6） He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates.（7） Great changes have been taken place in China in the 10 years.非謂語動詞（to do/doing/done）對非謂語動詞的考查主要涉及不定式符號

6、to 的有無，介詞后用doing，動詞用作主語時可用doing或to do，但不能用do, 用doing還是done分詞作狀語，定語,表語, 補語，并列結構中幾個非謂語動詞是否一致.二、真題單句歸納 (1) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.（improve前加to，to improve為表目的的不定式短語）（全國卷）（2）I want to thank you again for have me in your home for

7、 the summer holidays. （have改為having，因為介詞后接動名詞作賓語）（全國卷）（3）I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.（giving 改為 given，“把某物給某人”是give sth to sb；句中records與give是被動關系,故用過去分詞）（4） Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. （去掉live 前的 to，因為 live 與其前的

8、know，have 并列）（全國卷）單句演練:（1） It was silly of you believe what he said.（2） He was made wash the bosss car once a day.（3） I waved to her but failed attract her attention.（4） Most children are interested in listen to stories. （5） Read newspaper can broaden our eyesight. (6) Seeing from the top of the mou

9、ntain, the city is really beautiful. (7) China is the biggest developed country in the world.2）形容詞、副詞的辨析；對形容詞與副詞的考查主要涉及形容詞和副詞比較等級的誤用（尤其是在本身已是比較級的詞前加more）、形容詞與副詞的混用（如動詞前需用副詞或名詞前用形容詞）等，形容詞搭配的as+adj.原級+as 結構、how 與 what 的混用等也是常考的考點。（1） Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. （

10、taller 改為 tallest，因從含義上看此處應是最高級）（全國卷）（2） As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. （去掉 more，因為 longer 本身已是比較級，不能再受 more 修飾） （全國卷）（3）Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. （wonderfully 改為 wonderful，因它是放在名詞前作定語）（全國卷） After an hour or so we

11、 began to feel very frightening. （frightening 改為 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕）（全國卷）（4）In some places you may borrow many books as you want. （many 之前加 as，因as as 結構不完整）（全國卷） （5）I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. （去掉 much，因 much 不能用來修飾形容詞的原級，盡管它可用來修飾比較級和最高級）（全國卷）（6）What lovely

12、 the boy is! (What 改成How, what+名詞;how+形容詞/副詞)單句演練：（1） China is much more bigger than the United States.（2） The more money you make，the most you spend.（3） It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.（4） The fish tastes well；why not have a try?（5） Ill try to be more carefully next time

13、. （6） There are few boys than girls in our class.（7） He found someone was following her，so she felt frightening.（8） Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!3）名詞的單復數(shù)（1）We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. （waters 改為water，因“水”為物質名詞，不可數(shù)）（全國卷）（2） We climb everywhere， not onl

14、y in America. We have been to Europe many time. （time改為 times，many times 意為“許多次”）（全國卷）（3）There are branch library in many villages. （library 改為 libraries，因其前的謂語are為復數(shù)）（全國卷）（4）She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. （schoolmate 改為 schoolmates，因校友不只一個，另外根據(jù)其后的 all 也可推知）（全國卷）（5）They w

15、ere eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. （question 改為 questions，因其前有表示復數(shù)意義的修飾語 lots of）（全國卷）單句演練：（1） Women live longer than men in most country.（2） The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.（3） Its said that all the ticket have been sold out.（4） The childr

16、en spend a lot of times watching TV.（5） I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.4）不定冠詞與定冠詞不定冠詞a/an泛指“一個”，區(qū)別是an放在元音音標前，a在輔音音標前；定冠詞the特指（1） After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.（a 改為 an，因 hour 讀音以元音開頭）（全國卷）（2） I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.（the 改為 a，因此處并非特指，而是泛指

17、）（全國卷）（2） Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.（去掉 the，因這里的 books 表泛指，不表特指）（全國卷）（3） Good health is persons most valuable possession.（persons 前加 a，這里的 a 表泛指）（全國卷）（4） Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.（去掉 the

18、，因health 表泛指）（全國卷）（5） There is public library in every town in Britain.（public library 前加 a，因這里的 public library 是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表泛指，故在其前用 a）（全國卷）（6） Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful. (這里的car是特指前面的car)單句演練：（1） Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.（2） It was

19、such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.（3） It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.（4） My friend Mary comes from an European country.（5） Look, a girl in blue is my cousin.（6） Only few of the children can read such books.5) 代詞的格與數(shù)；指代前后一致（1） When we walked to the car, Bill smile

20、d and shook head.（head 前加 his，漢語可“搖頭”，而按英語的習慣要說 shake ones head）（全國卷）（2） The day before the speech contest（比賽）English teacher talked to me. （English 前加 my，teacher 為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面要限定詞）（全國卷）(3). The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. (them改成it)單句演練：(1) I told Mot

21、her, Father, Sister and all his friends here that a great time I had. （2）First, let me tell you something more about me.(3) With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, Ive soon got used to living without my parents around.6）介詞的搭配對介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動詞后接賓語時誤加介詞和在不及物動詞后接賓語時漏加介詞（1） Bill insisted in staying near

22、 the car.（in 改為 on，insist on 為固定搭配）（全國卷）（2） Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. （at 改為 of，catch sight of是習語，意為“看見”）（全國卷）（3） When I have free time I go a long walk. （go 后加 for，go for a walk 是習語）（全國卷）（4） When they came down the police were angry to them.（to 改為 with，要表示對某人生氣，英語習慣上用be angry

23、with sb）（全國卷）（5） Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. （去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物動詞）（全國卷）單句演練：（1） We must serve for the people heart and soul.（2） I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.（3） Soon the nurse married with my friend J

24、im.（4） I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.（5） In English class, we often talk each other in English.（6） I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.（7） The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.（8） She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.7) 連詞的誤用從句（定語從句和

25、名詞性從句的引導詞）（1） I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （where 改為 which，因此處要填關系代詞作主語）（全國卷）（2） I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.（去掉 when 或將 when 改為 that，因這里的定語從句中謂語動詞（spent）缺賓語，故只能用關系代詞 that或將其省略） （全國卷）（3） in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may

26、 be novels. （that 改為 which，因介詞后要用 which 來引導定語從句）（全國卷）（4） but it didnt matter that I would win or not. （that 改為 whether，whether 與 or not 搭配，表示“是否”）（全國卷）（5） Besides, I have few friends, I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. （that 改為 why，why 引導賓語從句，表示原因）（年全國卷）（6） However， there are still som

27、e countries there people have shorter lives. （there 改為 where，where 在此引導定語從句）（全國卷） (7) Which planes run much faster than trains is true. (which 改成what )單句演練：（1） He is the man his car was stolen.（2） Thats the hotel which we were staying last summer.（3） Thats the palace where we visited last summer. （4

28、） She stayed in France for 10 years. Thats she spoke French so well.（5） In the past few years when weve planted thousands of trees along the river.（6） At the airport where all the baggage must be examined. (7) This is which we can do.并列連詞對并列連詞的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等幾個表示并列、轉折、選擇、因果等關系的詞語。嚴格說來，這類錯誤主

29、要屬于行文邏輯的錯誤。（1） We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.（and 改為 but，因此處語意轉折）（全國卷）（2） I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had.（all 前加 and，表示并列關系）（全國卷）（3） It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it.（but 改為 and / so，此處表因果關系，并非轉折關系）（北京春季卷）（4）

30、She was smiling but nodding at me.（but 改為 and, 因此處并無轉折之意）（全國卷）（5）Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（去掉but，因前面已有引導讓步狀語從句的連詞 as（=though 雖然），千萬不要受漢語句式“雖然但是”的影響，而重復用連詞） （福建卷）單句演練：（1） Do you want a bath at once, and shall I have mine first？（2） Hurry up, and youll be late for school.（3） Mr. Smith

31、worked very hard so without any success.（4） Everyone asked me to go, but I went.8）固定詞組的搭配主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞與動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配等。（1）I have given up smoke. The dog doesnt like the smell.（give up doing sth.因此動詞smoke應該改為smoking。）（2） Ill take this chance to wish you wond

32、erful time on your birthday.（wonderful 前加 a，該表達與 have a good time 類似，其中的 a 不可省）（北京春季卷）（3） When I have free time I go a long walk.（go 后加 for，go for a walk 是習語）（全國卷）單句演練：（1）In some places you may borrow many books as you want. （2）They were eager everything about China and asked me lots of questions.三做

33、短文改錯題基本步驟與規(guī)律 （一）改前通讀全文，理解語篇大意 （二） 改中細讀，注意語法、詞匯錯誤 （三）改后回讀，糾正失誤，減少差錯 （四）夯實基礎, 慎重審題，從容答題（五）克服對短文改錯的恐懼心理規(guī)律：改詞（8）；加詞（1）、去詞（1）；后兩類往往是冠詞、介詞、be動詞等四歷年真題回放短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）下面短文中有10處語言錯誤。請在有錯誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個單詞。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（），并在其下面寫上該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞。2.只允許修

34、改10處，多者（從第11除起）不計分。例如：It was very nice to get your invitation to spend weekend with you. Luckily I was The amcompletely free then, so Ill to say “yes”, Ill arrive in Bristol at around 8:00 p.m in Friday onevening.1.【2009浙江】One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend, a trunk came to

35、 a stop besides us. The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through. I stood there and couldnt believe in that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. The man insisted, so I grateful accepted the offer, thanked him and watched the truck disappear down the

36、road. This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to everyone else. It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expect anything in return.2.【2010浙江】After shopping, Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch. I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by a

37、n elderly woman and young couple. They are silently, and it was clearlythat things were not going well. As we left, Mother stopped on their table. “Excuse me,” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman. “You remind me so many of my mother. May I hug (擁抱) you?” The woman smiled happily as sh

38、e accepted to it. After we left, I said, “That wasvery nice of you, Mother. So I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully. k*3【2011浙江】I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular

39、Id always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I would always know Id done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow

40、and gave it back. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.4.【2012浙江卷】 Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. 1 called my parents,

41、so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the

42、 right thing to do.5.【2012全國新課標】 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents b

43、ought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from th

44、en on.6.【2012陜西卷】My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-spe

45、ed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to

46、 Beijing.Li Hua7.【2012 重慶改編】Dear Grandpa,How are you those days? I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fall asleep. We

47、often went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant view there. You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. Gradually, I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study and t

48、he findings will be use as materials for our research. Since well do the study in our hometown, I hope to see you by then. Yours, Daisy短文改錯參考答案謂語動詞的時態(tài)，主謂一致（1） are 改為 is，句子主語為動名詞短語 remembering English words，故其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。（2） was 改為 were，police 作主語時，謂語動詞總是用復數(shù)。（3） wants 改為 want，此句為強調句，強調的是主語 the parents a

49、nd their son，為復數(shù)。（4） were 改為 was，名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)（5） 去掉if從句中的 will，因條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。（6） is 改為 was，因主句中的hurt為一般過去時。 （7） 去掉been非謂語動詞（to do/doing/done）（1）believe 前加 to，此句用的是 its silly of sb to do sth 句型。（2） wash 前加 to，make sb do sth 中的 do 不能帶to，但若 make 用于被動語態(tài)，則其后的 do 要帶 to. （3） attract 前加 to，fai

50、l to do sth 意為“未能做某事”。（4） listen 改為 listening，介詞后接動名詞作賓語。 （5）read 改成reading（6）Seeing改成Seen (7) developed 改成developing2）形容詞、副詞的辨析（1）去掉more，more 不能修飾比較級。（2）most 改為 more，the morethe more 意為“越越”。（3）real 改為 really，修飾形容詞用 really，不用 real.（4） well 改為 good， nice 等，taste 在此為連系動詞，后接形容詞作表語。（5）carefully 改為 caref

51、ul，用形容詞作表語。（6）few 改為 fewer，注意句中的 than （7）asleep 改為 sleeping， asleep 為表語形容詞，不用于名詞前作定語（8）.frightening 改為 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”。3）名詞的單復數(shù)（1） country 改為 countries，因其前的most 意為“大多數(shù)”。（2） time 改為 times，many times 意為“許多次”。（3） ticket 改為 tickets，因它是可數(shù)名詞，且受 all the 的修飾。（4） tim

52、es 改為 time，因 time 表示“時間”時不可數(shù)。（5） peoples 改為 people，因 people 表示“人們”，本身是復數(shù)，其后不能再加詞尾-s.（注：復數(shù)的peoples 表示不同的民族）（6） flower 改為 flowers，因為其后的謂語為復數(shù)。4）不定冠詞與定冠詞（1） nurse 前加 a，因 nurse 為可數(shù)名詞。（2） such 后加 a，dinner 受形容詞修飾時，其前通常要加不定冠詞。（3） a 改為 an，因 umbrella 的讀音以元音開頭。（4） an 改為 a，因 European 的讀音不是以元音開頭。（5） a 改為 the，此處為

53、特指用法。（6）few 前加 a，因其前有 only 修飾，即習慣上說 only a few.5) 代詞的格與數(shù)；前后一致(1)his改成my (2)me改成myself (3)me改成mine6）介詞的搭配；（1）去掉for (2) 去掉into(3) 去掉 with(4) 去掉 of(5)加with(6去掉)to(7)加on(8)加on7) 連詞的誤用；一（1） his 改為 whose，whose 在此引導定語從句。（2） which 改為 where，where引導定語從句且在從句中用作狀語；此題還可在staying后加in. （3） where 改為 which / that，也可去

54、掉 where，因visit為及物動詞，此處應用關系代詞作其賓語（也可省略）。（4）Thats 后加 why，否則句意不通。（5）去掉 where，否則全句沒有主語。二（1） and 改為 or，or 在此表選擇。（2） and 改為 or，or 在此表示“要不然”、“否則”。（3） so 改為 but，此處語意轉折。（4） but 改為 so，so 在此表示因果關系8）固定詞組的搭配 (1) many 之前加 as，因此處為as as 結構 (2)加for1【2009浙江】 【答案】friend-friends 【解析】考查名詞數(shù)。one of 后受one of影響必須用名詞復數(shù)形式，應改為

55、friends.【答案】besides-beside【解析】考查介詞用法。按句意是在商店旁邊，用beside.【答案】a-an【解析】考查冠詞用法。由umbrella 的發(fā)音可知，元音前應使用冠詞an .【答案】去掉believe后的in【解析】考查動詞用法。believe 為及物動詞。【答案】is-was【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。此處要把握全文時態(tài)，應用過去時來敘述過去發(fā)生的事實。【答案】gratefull-gratefully【解析】考查副詞用法。副詞修飾動詞accept.【答案】and-but【解析】考查連詞用法。按照句意前后構成轉折關系，用but.【答案】everyone-someone/somebody【解析】考查不定代詞用法。everyone else 錯誤說法，每個人，就不可能再有別人；別人應表示為someone/somebody else。【答案】possible后面用to【解析】考查固定句型。此處用 It is/was possible to do sth.句型。【答案】expect-expecting【解析】動名詞用法。介詞后應該用動名詞形式。2.【2010浙江】1