1、· 【藥物名稱】Atorvastatin calcium, YM-548, CI-981, Prevencor, Tahor, Lipibec, Torvast, Sortis, Lipitor【化學名】(3R,5R)-7-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol-1-yl-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1)【CAS登記號】134523-03-8, 134523-00-5 (free acid), 110862-48-1 (free ac

2、id (R*,R*)-isomer)【結構式】【分子式】2-C33-H34-F-N2-O5.Ca【分子量】1155.355【原研廠家】Jouveinal (Originator), Pfizer (Originator), Almirall Prodesfarma (Licensee), Syncro (Licensee), Yamanouchi (Licensee), Stanford University (Codevelopment)【作用類別】Alzheimer's Dementia, Treatment of , CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS, Cognition

3、 Disorders, Treatment of, Immunologic Neuromuscular Disorders, Treatment of, Lipoprotein Disorders, Treatment of , METABOLIC DRUGS, Multiple Sclerosis, Agents for, NEUROLOGIC DRUGS, Treatment of Disorders of the Coronary Arteries and Atherosclerosis, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, TNFSF6 Expression I

4、nhibitors【研發狀態】Launched-1997【合成情況】NB2來源Drugs Fut合成路線標題Atorvastatin Calcium合成方法1) The condensation of 2-(1,3-dixolan-2-yl)ethylamine (I) with ethyl 2-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (II) by means of triethylamine in acetonitrile gives ethyl 2-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethylamino-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate

5、(III), which is acylated with isobutyryl chloride (IV) and triethylamine in dichloromethane yielding the corresponding amide (V). Saponification of the ester (V) with NaOH in methanol/water affords the free acid (VI), which is cyclized with N,3-diphenylpropynamide (VII) obtained in the reaction of 3

6、-phenylpropynoic acid (VIII) with aniline (IX) by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) by heating at 90 C in acetic anhydride giving 1-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-N,4-diphenylpyrrole-3-carboxamide (X). The hydrolysis of the dioxolane group of (X) with HCl yields the

7、corresponding aldehyde (XI), which is condensed with methyl acetoacetate (XII) by means of NaH in THF affording 7-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol-1-yl-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoic acid methyl ester (XIII). The reduction of the carbonyl group of (XIII) with tributylbor

8、ane and NaBH4 in THF gives the (3R*,5R*)-dihydroxy ester (XIV), which is saponified with NaOH in water yielding the corresponding free acid (XV). The lactonization of (XV) by heating in refluxing toluene affords the (R*,R*)-lactone (XVI), which is submitted to optical resolution by reaction with (R)

9、-1-phenylethylamine (XVII) followed by fractional crystallization thus obtaining the amide (XVII) as the pure (R,R,R)-enantiomer. The hydrolysis of the amide (XVIII) with NaOH, followed by heating in refluxing toluene gives the (R,R)-lactone (XIX), which is finally treated first with NaOH in methano

10、l/water, and then with CaCl2 or calcium acetate.作者Graul, A.; Casta馿r, J.參考Graul, A.; Casta馿r, J.; Atorvastatin Calcium. Drugs Fut 1997, 22, 9, 956出處Drugs Fut1997,22,(9):956備注Synthesis Atorvastatin calcium has been obtained by several different ways: 1) The condensation of 2-(1,3-dixolan-2-yl)ethylam

11、ine (I) with ethyl 2-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (II) by means of triethylamine in acetonitrile gives ethyl 2-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethylamino-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (III), which is acylated with isobutyryl chloride (IV) and triethylamine in dichloromethane yielding the corresponding amide (V)

12、. Saponification of the ester (V) with NaOH in methanol/water affords the free acid (VI), which is cyclized with N,3-diphenylpropynamide (VII) obtained in the reaction of 3-phenylpropynoic acid (VIII) with aniline (IX) by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) by heating at 90 癈 in acetic anhydride

13、 giving 1-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-N,4 -diphenylpyrrole-3-carboxamide (X). The hydrolysis of the dioxolane group of (X) with HCl yields the corresponding aldehyde (XI), which is condensed with methyl acetoacetate (XII) by means of NaH in THF affording 7-2-(4-fluoroph

14、enyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol -1-yl-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoic acid methyl ester (XIII). The reduction of the carbonyl group of (XIII) with tributylborane and NaBH4 in THF gives the (3R*,5R*)-dihydroxy ester (XIV), which is saponified with NaOH in water yielding the correspond

15、ing free acid (XV). The lactonization of (XV) by heating in refluxing toluene affords the (R*,R*)-lactone (XVI) (1, 2), which is submitted to optical resolution by reaction with (R)-1-phenylethylamine (XVII) followed by fractional crystallization thus obtaining the amide (XVII) as the pure (R,R,R)-e

16、nantiomer. The hydrolysis of the amide (XVIII) with NaOH, followed by heating in refluxing toluene gives the (R,R)-lactone (XIX) (2, 3), which is finally treated first with NaOH in methanol/water, and then with CaCl2 or calcium acetate (3, 4). 2) The condensation of the already described aldehyde (X

17、I) with (S)-(+)-2-acetoxy-1,1,2-triphenylethanol (XX) by means of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF gives 5-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol -1-yl-3(R)-hydroxypentanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1(S),2,2-triphenylethyl ester (XXI), which is trans-esterified with sodium me

18、thoxide in methanol/THF yielding the expected methyl ester (XXII). The condensation of (XXII) with tert-butyl acetate (XXIII) by means of LDA in THF affords (R)-7-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N-phenylcarbamoyl) pyrrol-1-yl-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoic acid tert-butyl ester (XXIV), which is

19、 reduced with triethylborane and NaBH4 in THF, hydrolyzed with NaOH, lactonized by heating in refluxing toluene and finally submitted to fractional crystallization in order to separate the two diastereomers of the obtained lactone, (R,R) and (R,S) (2, 3). The (R,R)-diastereomer (XIX), already obtain

20、ed, is finally treated with NaOH and then with CaCl2 (2-4). 3) The condensation of 4-cyano-3(R)-hydroxybutyric acid ethyl ester (XXV) with N,N-diphenylacetamide (R1 = R2 = Ph in XXVI) by means of LDA in THF gives 6-cyano-5(R)-hydroxy-3-oxo-N,N-diphenylhexanamide (XXVII), which is reduced with diethy

21、lmethoxyborane and NaBH4 in THF yielding 6-cyano-3(R),5(R)-dihydroxy-N,N-diphenylhexanamide (XXVIII). The protection of the two OH groups of (XXVIII) with acetone dimethylketal (XXIX) and methanesulfonic acid affords the 1,3-dioxane (XXX), which by reduction of its CN group by hydrogenation with H2

22、over RaNi in methanol/liquid ammonia gives (4R,6R)-2-6-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl-N,N -diphenylacetamide (XXXI). The cyclization of (XXXI) with 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isobutyryl-4-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide (XXXII) (its synthesis is in section 6, Scheme 4) in refluxing toluene yields the

23、protected dihydroxyheptanamide (XXXIII), which is deprotected with HCl in methanol to afford (3R,5R)-7-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N -phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol-1-yl-3,5-dihydroxy-N,N-diphenylheptanamide (XXXIV). Finally, this compound is hydrolyzed with NaOH and treated with calcium acet

24、ate in water (5). Scheme 18007203a. 4) The preceding reaction pathway can be repeated using other substituents for R1 and R2 in acetamide (XXVI) such as R1 = R2 = CH2Ph; R1 = R2 = Et; R1 = Bu, R2 = Me; R1 = t-Bu, R2 = CH2Ph; R1,R2 = -(CH2)5- (5). 5) The hydrolysis of methyl (Et or Bu) 3(R)-(tert-but

25、yldimethylsilyloxy)-4-cyanobutyrate (XXV) with NaOH gives the corresponding free acid (XXXVI), which is condensed with malonic acid mono-tert-butyl ester magnesium salt (XXXVII) by means of carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) yielding tert-butyl 5(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-cyano-3-oxohexanoate (XXXVII

26、I). The desilylation of (XXXVIII) with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in acetic acid affords the expected hydroxylated ketoester (XXXIX), which is reduced with diethylmethoxyborane and NaBH4 in methanol giving tert-butyl 6-cyano-3(R),5(R)-dihydroxyhexanoate (XL). The protection of the two OH groups of

27、(XL) with acetone dimethylketal (XXIX) and methanesulfonic acid affords the 1,3-dioxane (XLI) (6), which by reduction of its CN group by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C gives intermediate (4R,6R)-2-6-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-ylacetic acid tert-butyl ester (XLII). The cyclization of (

28、XLII) with 4-(4-fluorophenyl-2-isobutyryl-4-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide (XXXII) in refluxing toluene yields the protected dihydroxyheptanoate (XLIII), which is deprotected with HCl in methanol and finally hydrolyzed with NaOH and treated with calcium acetate in water (7). 8) The synthesis of the 4-(4-flu

29、orophenyl)-2-isobutyryl-4-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide (XXXII) is carried out as follows: The condensation of 4-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenylpentanamide (XLIV) with benzaldehyde (XLV) gives 2-benzylidene-4-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenylpentanamide (XLVI), which is then condensed with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (XLVII) by means

30、of triethylamine in hot ethanol (7). 6) The (4R,6R)-2-6-(cyanomethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-ylacetic acid tert-butyl ester (XLI) can also be obtained by reaction of (4R,6R)-2-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-ylacetic acid tert-butyl ester (XLVIII) with tosyl chloride to give the corr

31、esponding tosylate (XVIX), which is then treated with NaCN (6). 7) The tert-butyl 6-cyano-5(R)-hydroxy-3-oxohexanoate (XXXIX) can also be obtained by condensation of methyl 4-cyano-3(R)-hydroxybutyrate (L) with tert-butyl acetate (XXIII) by means of LDA in THF (6). 8) The synthesis of the 4-(4-fluor

32、ophenyl)-2-isobutyryl-4-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide (XXXII) is carried out as follows: The condensation of 4-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenylpentanamide (XLIV) with benzaldehyde (XLV) gives 2-benzylidene-4-methyl-3-oxo-N-phenylpentanamide (XLVI), which is then condensed with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (XLVII) by means of

33、 triethylamine in hot ethanol (7). 9) The cyclization of (XXXII) with intermediate (XLII) (preceding synthesis) in refluxing toluene yields the protected dehydroxyheptanoate (XLIII), which is deprotected with HCl in methanol and finally hydrolyzed with NaOH and treated with calcium acetate in water.

34、 References 1. Roth, B.D. (Warner-Lambert Co.). Trans-6-2-(3- or 4-carboxamido-substd. pyrrol-1-yl)alkyl-4-hydroxypyran-2-one inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis. EP 247633, US 4681893. 2. Roth, B.D., Blankley, C.J., Chucholowski, A.W., Ferguson, E., Hoefle, M.L., Ortwine, D.F., Newton, R.S., Sekerk

35、e, C.S., Sliskovic, D.R., Stratton, C.D., Wilson, M.W. Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. 3. Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl-2H-pyran-2-one inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. 2. Effects of introducing substituents at positions three and four of the pyrrole nucleus. J Med Chem 1991,

36、 34: 357-66. 3. Roth, B.D. (Warner-Lambert Co.). (R-(R*R*)-2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl-3 -phenyl-4-(phenylamino)-carbonyl-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, its lactone form and salts thereof. EP 409281, JP 91058967, US 5273995. 4. Milb, N., Muhammad, N.A., Weiss, J., Nesbitt,

37、 R.U. (Warner-Lambert Co.). Stable oral CI-981 formulation and process for preparing same. EP 680320, JP 96505640, WO 9416693. 5. Butler, D.E., Le, T.V., Nanninga, T.N. (Warner-Lambert Co.). Process for trans-6-2-(substd.-pyrrol-1-yl)alkylpyran-2-one inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis. US 5298627.

38、6. Brower, P.L., Butler, D.E., Deering, C.F., Le, T.V., Millar, A., Nanninga, T.N., Roth, B.D. The synthesis of (4R-cis)-1,1-dimethylethyl 6-cyanomethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4-acetate, a key intermediate for the preparation of CI-981, a highly potent, tissue selective inhibitor of HMG-CoA reduct

39、ase. Tetrahedron Lett 1992, 33: 2279-82. 7. Baumann, K.L., Butler, D.E., Deering, C.F., Mennen, K.E., Millar, A., Nanninga, T.N., Palmer, C.W., Roth, B.D. The convergent synthesis of CI-981, an optically active, highly potent, tissue selective inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Tetrahedron Lett 1992, 3

40、3: 2283-4. 8. McKenzie, A.T. (Warner-Lambert Co.). Form III crystalline (R-(R*,R*)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methyl-ethyl) -3-phenyl-4-(phenylamino)carbonyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid hemi calcium salt (atorvastatin). WO 9703958. 9. Lin, M., Schweiss, D. (Warner-Lambert Co.). No

41、vel process for the production of amorphous R-(R*,R*)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl) -3-phenyl-4-(phenylamino)carbonyl-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid calcium salt (2:1). WO 9703960. 10. Briggs, C.A., Jennings, R.A., Wade, R.A., Harasawa, K., Ichikawa, S., Minohara, K., Nakaga

42、wa, S. (Warner-Lambert Co.). Crystalline R-(R*,R*)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-beta,delta-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl) -3-phenyl-4-(phenylamino)carbonyl-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid hemi calcium salt (atorvastatin). WO 9703959.來源J Med Chem合成路線標題Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. 3. Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-

43、2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl-2H-pyran-2-one inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. 2. Effects of introducing substituents at positions three and four of the pyrrole nucleus合成方法1) The condensation of 2-(1,3-dixolan-2-yl)ethylamine (I) with ethyl 2-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (II) by means of triethylamine i

44、n acetonitrile gives ethyl 2-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethylamino-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (III), which is acylated with isobutyryl chloride (IV) and triethylamine in dichloromethane yielding the corresponding amide (V). Saponification of the ester (V) with NaOH in methanol/water affords the free acid (

45、VI), which is cyclized with N,3-diphenylpropynamide (VII) obtained in the reaction of 3-phenylpropynoic acid (VIII) with aniline (IX) by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) by heating at 90 C in acetic anhydride giving 1-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-N,4-diphenylpyrro

46、le-3-carboxamide (X). The hydrolysis of the dioxolane group of (X) with HCl yields the corresponding aldehyde (XI), which is condensed with methyl acetoacetate (XII) by means of NaH in THF affording 7-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol-1-yl-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoic a

47、cid methyl ester (XIII). The reduction of the carbonyl group of (XIII) with tributylborane and NaBH4 in THF gives the (3R*,5R*)-dihydroxy ester (XIV), which is saponified with NaOH in water yielding the corresponding free acid (XV). The lactonization of (XV) by heating in refluxing toluene affords t

48、he (R*,R*)-lactone (XVI), which is submitted to optical resolution by reaction with (R)-1-phenylethylamine (XVII) followed by fractional crystallization thus obtaining the amide (XVII) as the pure (R,R,R)-enantiomer. The hydrolysis of the amide (XVIII) with NaOH, followed by heating in refluxing tol

49、uene gives the (R,R)-lactone (XIX), which is finally treated first with NaOH in methanol/water, and then with CaCl2 or calcium acetate.作者Roth, B.D.; Blankley, C.J.; Chucholowski, A.W.; Ferguson, E.; Hoefle, M.L.; Ortwine, D.F.; Newton, R.S.; Sekerke, C.S.; Sliskovic, D.R.; Stratton, C.D.; Wilson, M.

50、W.參考Roth, B.D.; Blankley, C.J.; Chucholowski, A.W.; Ferguson, E.; Hoefle, M.L.; Ortwine, D.F.; Newton, R.S.; Sekerke, C.S.; Sliskovic, D.R.; Stratton, C.D.; Wilson, M.W.; Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. 3. Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethI睋睋睎睎0Ñ-00AA004CLSID0E59F1D5-1FBE-11D

51、0-8FF2-00A0D10038BCeul> li>a href=出處J Med Chem1991,34,(1):357-66備注來源Drugs Fut合成路線標題Atorvastatin Calcium合成方法2) The condensation of the previously described aldehyde (XI) with (S)-(+)-2-acetoxy-1,1,2-triphenylethanol (XX) by means of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF gives 5-2-(4-fluoropheny

52、l)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol-1-yl-3(R)-hydroxypentanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1(S),2,2-triphenylethyl ester (XXI), which is trans-esterified with sodium methoxide in methanol/THF yielding the expected methyl ester (XXII). The condensation of (XXII) with tert-butyl acetate (XXIII) by

53、means of LDA in THF affords (R)-7-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N-phenylcarbamoyl) pyrrol-1-yl-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoic acid tert-butyl ester (XXIV), which is reduced with triethylborane and NaBH4 in THF, hydrolyzed with NaOH, lactonized by heating in refluxing toluene and finally submi

54、tted to fractional crystallization in order to separate the two diastereomers of the obtained lactone, (R,R) and (R,S). The (R,R)-diastereomer (XIX), already obtained, is finally treated with NaOH and then with CaCl2.作者Graul, A.; Casta馿r, J.參考Graul, A.; Casta馿r, J.; Atorvastatin Calcium. Drugs Fut 1

55、997, 22, 9, 956出處Drugs Fut1997,22,(9):956備注Synthesis Atorvastatin calcium has been obtained by several different ways: 1) The condensation of 2-(1,3-dixolan-2-yl)ethylamine (I) with ethyl 2-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (II) by means of triethylamine in acetonitrile gives ethyl 2-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2

56、-yl)ethylamino-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (III), which is acylated with isobutyryl chloride (IV) and triethylamine in dichloromethane yielding the corresponding amide (V). Saponification of the ester (V) with NaOH in methanol/water affords the free acid (VI), which is cyclized with N,3-diphenylpropyn

57、amide (VII) obtained in the reaction of 3-phenylpropynoic acid (VIII) with aniline (IX) by means of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) by heating at 90 癈 in acetic anhydride giving 1-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-isopropyl-N,4 -diphenylpyrrole-3-carboxamide (X). The hydrolysis of the d

58、ioxolane group of (X) with HCl yields the corresponding aldehyde (XI), which is condensed with methyl acetoacetate (XII) by means of NaH in THF affording 7-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrol -1-yl-5-hydroxy-3-oxoheptanoic acid methyl ester (XIII). The reduction of th

59、e carbonyl group of (XIII) with tributylborane and NaBH4 in THF gives the (3R*,5R*)-dihydroxy ester (XIV), which is saponified with NaOH in water yielding the corresponding free acid (XV). The lactonization of (XV) by heating in refluxing toluene affords the (R*,R*)-lactone (XVI) (1, 2), which is submitted to optical resolution by reaction with (R)-1-phenylethylami