1、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是常考點(diǎn)。He seemed to be waiting for someone(進(jìn)行性)He felt ashamed to have done such a thing(表在謂語詞前已發(fā)生)The book is said to have been translated into Chinese(表在謂語前已被做)He asked not to be sent home (否定，被動)動名詞I apologized for not having kept my promise(動名詞的完成體，表在謂語所表動作前已發(fā)生)He was lucky to escape bein

2、g killed in the car accident(動名詞的被動式)現(xiàn)在分詞NMET2001, 35_such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the riverAHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffered 答案為A，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動形式，表已發(fā)生在主句前的動作。The building being repaired is our library(被動形式，正在被)Having been given such a good chance, how

3、could she give it up ?(現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動形式，常代之以過去分詞。過去分詞 只有一種形式，表完成或被動概念。 非謂語動詞作句子成分 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)，作狀語部分的動詞和句子主語沒有合理聯(lián)系，但為了表達(dá)的簡潔性，仍然采用短語形式來作狀語，但狀語本身自帶主語。 Weather permitting, we'll go to the seaside(=If weather permits) There being no buses, we had to walk home on foot(=As there were no buses) 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成形式為：名詞

4、's (或物主代詞) +動名詞-作主語名詞(或名詞)/ 物主代詞(或人稱代詞的賓格形式)+動名詞-作賓語 His coming made us happyI'm surprised at his(him)saying that 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)，作狀語部分的動詞和句子主語沒有合理聯(lián)系，但為了表達(dá)的簡潔性，仍然采用短語形式來作狀語，但狀語本身自帶主語。 Weather permitting, we'll go to the seaside(=If weather permits) There being no buses, we had to walk home on f

5、oot(=As there were no buses) 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成形式為：名詞's (或物主代詞) +動名詞-作主語名詞(或名詞)/ 物主代詞(或人稱代詞的賓格形式)+動名詞-作賓語 His coming made us happyI'm surprised at his(him)saying that哪些動詞后要接動名詞而不接不定式作賓語 I would appreciate_back this afternoonAyou to call Byou callCyour calling Dyou're calling此題應(yīng)選C。因?yàn)閯釉~appreciate(

6、感激)之后通常接動名詞作賓語。類似地，以下動詞通常也只用動名詞作賓語：appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 can't help 禁不住consider 考慮 dislike 厭惡 enjoy 喜愛excuse 原諒 finish 完成 give up 放棄imagine 想象 keep 保持 mind 介意miss 錯(cuò)過 practise 練習(xí) put off 推遲risk 冒險(xiǎn) stop 停止 suggest 建議forbid 禁止 advise 建議 allow 允許permit 允許I couldn't help laughing when I heard th

7、e news聽到這個(gè)消息我禁不住笑了起來。I can't imagine doing work with them我無法想象與他們一起工作。 He practises playing the piano every day他每天練習(xí)彈鋼琴。Would you mind opening the window？打開窗戶你介意嗎？The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught這只小松鼠很幸運(yùn)，沒有被抓住。He advised selling the old car他建議賣掉這部舊汽車。 你知道什么叫懸垂分詞嗎_ the road

8、，a car knocked him down ACrossing BCrossed CWhen he was crossing DTo cross此題應(yīng)選C。其余均可能被誤選。分析如下：選項(xiàng)B不對，因?yàn)樗沁^去分詞，其后不應(yīng)有賓語。選項(xiàng)A，D不對，因?yàn)樵摲侵^語動詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致-構(gòu)成懸垂分詞。一般說來，作狀語用的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子主語保持一致，否則便是錯(cuò)句。比較：為了通過考試，(他)每分鐘都用來學(xué)習(xí)。誤：To pass the exam，every minute was spent in studying正：To pass the exam，he spent every

9、 minute in studying信讀了第二次之后，意思就更清楚了。誤：Reading the letter a second time，the meaning became clearer正：Being read a second time，the letter became clearer in meaning狗叫得厲害，所以我把它放了出去。誤：Barking madly，I led the dog out正：Barking madly，the dog was let out但是，在有些特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)(只有少數(shù)固定結(jié)構(gòu))中，非謂語動詞可以沒有邏輯主語：Judging frombywhat

10、he said，he was a cheat從他說的話來看，他就是個(gè)騙子.高考題選 1They knew her very wellThey had seen her _ up from childhood(MET88)Agrow Bgrew Cwas growing Dto grow2.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to _(MET88) AsitBsit on Cbe satDbe sat on3She didn't remember _him before(MET88)

11、Ahaving met Bhave metCto meet Dto having met4Mother _ us stories when we were young(MET88)Awas used to tell Bis used to telling Cused to tellDused to telling5Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one(MET89) Ato do BdoingCwith Dto be doing6-What do you think of the book? -Oh, excell

12、entIt' s worth _a second time(MET89) Ato readBto be read Creading Dbeing read7.Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? (MET89) Alay Blain Claying Dlying8 .There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light(MET89) Afollowed Bfollowing Cto be followed Dbeing followed9-Good morningCan I help y

13、ou ? -I'd like to have this package, madam(MET89) Abe weighed Bto be weighed Cto weigh Dweighed10She pretended _ me when I passed by(MET98) Anot to see Bnot seeing Cto not see Dhaving not seen11_more attention ,the tree could have grown better(MET90) AGiven BTo give CGivingDHaving given 12.Most

14、of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa(MET90) Ainvited Bto invite Cbeing invited Dhad been invited 13Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job(MET90) Aso not as to Bso as not to Cso as to not Dnot so as to14She searched the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side

15、 of the path(MET90) Ato have rested Bresting Cto rest Drest15Last summer I took a course on (MET90) Ahow to make dress Bhow dress be made Chow to be made dressDhow dress to be made16.The secretary worked late into the night , _ a long speech for the president(MET91) Ato prepare Bpreparing Cprepared

16、Dwas preparing17She' s upstairs _ letters(NMET91 ) Awrites Bis writing Cwrite Dwriting18 .The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself _(NMET91) Ahear Bto hear Cheating Dheard19.The murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behind his back(MET91)Abeing tied Bhaving tied Cto

17、be tied Dtied20On Saturday afternoon, MrGreen went to the market, _some bananas and visited his cousin(MET91) Abought Bbuying Cto buy Dbuy  1A see是感官動詞，后接不帶to的動詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示從小看到長大成人的全過程。2B sit與chair有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。sit是不及物動詞，故需要介詞on，且to sit on只能用主動表被動。"It is+adj+to do"為固定句式，用主動表被動。3A 從原題中的be

18、fore這一信息詞可暗示考生remember后接having done/doing/to have done等表示"記得做過了"。4C 從原題中when we were young這一信息句可判斷，應(yīng)用used to/would表示過去常常。A項(xiàng)："被使用去做"。B項(xiàng)："現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于做"。D項(xiàng)是語法錯(cuò)誤。5A 從原題中after you have finished this one和the other exercise這一信息句可知，A項(xiàng)表示繼續(xù)做與原來不同的事。B、C項(xiàng)是表示繼續(xù)做與原來相同的事。D項(xiàng)不符合語法。6C be(well)

19、worth doing是慣用法，其中doing是主動形式表示被動意思。7D lying是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，相當(dāng)于who is lying這樣的定語從句。lie是不及物動詞"躺"的意思。8B noise與follow之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞following作后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句which followed the sudden burst of light9D 原題中的have只能理解成使役動詞，故have sthdone是找人干某事。如果把have理解成"有"的意思，答語應(yīng)改為I have a package to be weighed1

20、0A pretend后只接不定式作賓語，且not應(yīng)放在不定式to之前。11A give與主句中的主語the tree之間有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，且從主句看，考生應(yīng)知，這是一個(gè)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。故該句相當(dāng)于If the tree had been given more attention，the tree could have grown better12A 原題were from South Africa可知，the party已開完。故用過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動和完成。13B so as to相當(dāng)于in order to，它的否定式應(yīng)放在不定式to之前。注意so as to不用

21、于句首。14C stop to do sth=stop and do sth是停下來所做的事而去做另一件事。stop doing是停止做某事。15A 疑問詞how加不定式，可作介詞的賓語。16B 用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。A項(xiàng)是不定式，可做目的狀語，但目的狀語前不用逗號。C、D屬語法錯(cuò)誤。17D 可參看16題。18D make oneself done是慣用法。在本題的意思是："使自己的聲音被別人聽到"。19D 在with結(jié)構(gòu)中，hands與tie之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，故排除B項(xiàng)。tied不僅表示被動，還表示完成動作，故排除A、C項(xiàng)。20A 從原題中的最后一個(gè)動作and vis

22、ited可知，這是三個(gè)一連串的動作作謂語21 .Jane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment(MET91) Ato washBwashingCwash Dto be washing22Mrsmith warned her daughter _ after drinking(MET91) Anever to drive Bto never drive Cnever driving Dnever drive23-The light in the office is still on.-Oh , I _forgot (MET91) Atur

23、ning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off24I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days(MET91) AsailBto sail Csailing Dto have sailed25-Shall we go skating or stay at home? (MET92) -Which _do yourself ? Ado your rather Bwould you ratherCwill you rather Dsho

24、uld you rather26 _a reply , he decided to write again(MET92) ANot receiving BReceiving not CNot having received DHaving not received27The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off(NMET92)Ato have stolen Bto be stealingCto steal Dstealing28Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening(

25、MET92) Ato be taken Bto take Cbeing taken Dtaking29-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change? (MET92) Ato try going Btrying to go Cto try and go Dtry going30I would appreciate _back this afternoon (MET92)Ayou to call Byou call Cyour calling Dyou' re calling31_ is a good form o

26、f exercise for both young and old(NMET92)AThe walkBWalking CTo walkDWalk32"Can't you read?" Mary said _to the notice(MET93) Aangrily pointingBand point angrily Cangrily pointed Dand angrily pointing 33.The computer centre, _last year, is very popular among the students in this school(M

27、ET93) Aopen Bopening Chaving opened Dopened34Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer(MET93) Ato invent Binventing Cto have invented Dhaving invented35How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93) Ato take Btake Ctaking Dto be taking36_ down the radio-the baby's a

28、sleep in the next room(MET93) ATurning BTo turn CTurned DTurn37The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here(NMET94) Ahaving added Bto addCadding Dadded38The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th centu

29、ry(NMET94)Ahaving written Bto be writtenCbeing written Dwritten39She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later(NMET94) Aarriving Bto arrive Chaving arrived Dand arrived40The missing boys were last seen _ near the river(NMET94) Aplaying Bto be playing Cplay Dto play21A make sb do這一句型變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)為：be ma

30、de to do sth22A warn sb not(never) to do sth是慣用法。23C forget to do sth是"是忘記去做某事"，forget與remember的用法一樣?？蓞⒖?題。24C imagine后接動名詞作賓語。Peter是sailing的邏輯主語，也可寫成Peter's，它們合起來稱為動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。25B would rather do sth是慣用法，變問句時(shí)，把would提前。26C receive與主句的主語he之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，但主句中的again又暗示考生，分詞的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前

31、，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。not必須置于分詞之前。此句可理解為：As/Since he hadn't received a reply，he decided to write again27D 考生如果掌握catch sb doing(發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事)這一短語，便可知girl與catch之間是被動關(guān)系，因此用catch的過去分詞形式作后置定語，相當(dāng)于a girl who was caught stealing28A should love to=would like to且Jim與take之間是被動關(guān)系。29D 抓住原題中的for a change便知why not+do表示一種建

32、議，而try to do是"盡力設(shè)法作某事，try doing是"試著做"。30C appreciate需要?jiǎng)用~作賓語，your calling是動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。31B 動名詞作主語通常表示習(xí)慣性，泛指、經(jīng)常性、不具體的動作。而不定式作主語則表示一次性、特指、未來、具體的動作。原題中的a good form又暗示考生，這個(gè)動作是泛指的，經(jīng)常性的。32A 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，且angrily這一副詞修飾said可參看16、17題。33D opened是過去分詞作非限定性定語，與先行詞the computer centre之間是被動關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于which was

33、opened last year，即："去年開業(yè)的"。34C 考生要掌握consider sb to do sth"認(rèn)為某人做某事"這一慣用法，且原題中的the first computer這一信息詞語暗示考生，invent這一動作發(fā)生在consider之前，因此用不定式的完成式，表示不定式的動作定于謂語動作，這句話可理解為People generally consider Charies Babbage to have invented the first computer原題是該句的被動語態(tài)。35C what/how about+doing sth，

34、而the two of us是動名詞的邏輯主語，它們合起來構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。36D 這是一個(gè)祈使句。意思是："請把收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)小些。"原題中的破折號相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連接詞for，說明音量調(diào)小的原因。37C 可參看16、17、32題。adding意為"補(bǔ)充說"。38D A項(xiàng)不能作后置定語。B項(xiàng)表示未來的動作。C項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。textbooks與write之間有被動關(guān)系。但原題中的the first textbooks和came out in the 16th century可暗示考生，選written表示被動且有完成的意思。39D 原題中的an h

35、our later這一信息詞語暗示考生set out與arrive是一先一后的兩個(gè)并列動作。A項(xiàng)中的arriving與set out同時(shí)發(fā)生，這是不可能的。不能一出發(fā)，一個(gè)小時(shí)后就到達(dá)。B項(xiàng)to arrive是set out的目的狀語，不符合題意。C項(xiàng)的動作先于set out動作，不符合邏輯。40A see為感官動詞，其用法有兩種：see sbdo(表示看到全過程)，see sbdoing (表示看到某人正干某事，是一個(gè)場景)，本句強(qiáng)調(diào)是"最后一次看到"應(yīng)理解為"正在干某事"，故應(yīng)用see sb doing，又因其被動語態(tài)為sb。be seen doin

36、g，故A為最佳答案41Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _a bicycle(NMET94) Aride; ride Briding; rideCride; to ride Dto ride; riding42-I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-That's all right(NMET94) Aletting you not know Bnot letting you knowCletting you know not Dletting not you know43Paul d

37、oesn't have to be made _He always works hard(NMET95) Alearn Bto learnClearned Dlearning44We agreed _ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet(NMET95) Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met45-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that(NMET95)Ato d

38、o Bto be doingCto have done Dhaving done46The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him _.Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo not to47_ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him(NMET96) ALosingBHaving lost CLost DTo lose48The patient was warned _ oily food af

39、ter the operation(NMET96)Ato eat not Beating notCnot to eat Dnot eating49I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report(NMET97) Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone50The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912(NMET97) Afirst

40、 playingBto be first played Cfirst played Dto be first playing51European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world(NMET98) A makingBmakes CmadeDto make52The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult, (NMET99) Anot make Bnot to makeCno

41、t making Ddo not make53When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _"Sorry to miss you; will call later." (NMET99) Aread Breads Cto read Dreading54I've worked with children before , so I know what _ in my new job(NMET2000) Aexpected Bto expect Cto be expecting D, expects55.

42、The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year (NMET2000) Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out56_ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm(2001 春招) ATo sleep B, Sleeping CSleep DHaving slept57One learns a language by making mistakes and _them(2001 春招)

43、Acorrect B correctingCcorrects Dto correct58As we joined the big crowd I got _from my friends(NMET2001) Aseparated B sparedClost Dmissed59_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river(NMET2001) AHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffered60Prices of daily goods _th

44、rough a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002春招） Aare bought Bbought Cbeen boughtDbuying41C 考生只要掌握prefer to do A rather than do B或prefer doing A to doing B句型很容易選出D項(xiàng)。42B letting是現(xiàn)在分詞作介詞for的賓語，且否定時(shí)not置于動名詞之前。43B 可參看21題。44C agree to do sth同意做某事，是慣用法。45D 后悔做了某事regret doing/having done sth。regret

45、表示該事已做過，當(dāng)"遺憾"講時(shí)后面常用動詞不定式作賓語，其中常用的動詞是to say，to tell，to inform，to announce等。46A 當(dāng)需要重復(fù)不定式的內(nèi)容時(shí)，要把to后面的動詞及其賓語省略掉。47C "陷入沉思"為be lost in thought，A、B、D項(xiàng)與主語是主動關(guān)系，故排除。48C 考生只要掌握warn sb(not) to do sth，再把它變成被動語態(tài)，便可選出C項(xiàng)?？蓞⒖?2題。49B would love to have done表示"本想去做，而沒做"。且從下文"but I

46、had to work extra hours to finish a report"可知。故B對。50C The Olympic Games與play之間是被動關(guān)系，故排除A、D項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)是不定式的被動式，表示"未來"，故也排除。因此C項(xiàng)是對的，它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限定性定語從句which were first played51A 該題考查非謂語動詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為make的不同形式，由句中的逗句及空白前后的邏輯關(guān)系考慮，此空應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞表示結(jié)果。分詞短語中make為使役動詞，其后跟復(fù)合賓語，答案為A。52B 并列，不定式做表語，否定式在to之前加not。53D 現(xiàn)在分詞

47、做后置定語修飾message，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，表示的是與土句表示的時(shí)間一致的情況；不定式做定語是未來的動作，C與題意不符。54B "疑問詞+不定式"作know的賓語。what邏輯上作expect的賓語。55C 過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾plan。56A 不定式作目的狀語。57B 與making并列表方式。58A "get separated from"為與分離。59A 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。60B 過去分詞與through a computer 構(gòu)成分詞短語作后置定語強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1. _ many times, but he still

48、doesn't know how to do it.A. Having told B. Having been told C. He has been told D. Being told 2. -Sorry, but I' 11 have to keep you waiting for some time.-That's all right. I don't mind _waiting. A. keeping B. having kept C. having been kept4D. being kept 3. -What do you think made

49、Mary so upset?- _her bicycle. A. Losing B. As she lost C. To lost D. Because of losing 4. Time must be made full use of _ the Three Gorges Project ahead of time. A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed 5. That's the best way we should think of _the dying soldier. A. helping B.

50、savingC. to saveD. being saved 6. Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now? A. writing B. write C. to writeD. written7. The night club, _ last month, was popular with the college students near it. A. being opened B. to be opened C. to open D. opened8. Children today are

51、still suffering from heavy work, _at preparing them for entrance examination. A. to aim B. aimed C. aiming D. having been aimed9. -What did you hear last night?-I seemed _ someone knock at the door. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to have heardD. having heard10. Could you give me a hand _ the sho

52、pping from the car, please? A. to carryB. for carrying C. carrying D. carried11. Hearing the news, he hurried out, book _on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left, lain open B. leaving, lying open C. leaving, lie opened D. left, lying opened12. She looks forward every spring to _the flower garden. A. visiting B. visit C. paying a visitD. visited13. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not allowed14. Everything _ into