1、初中英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納冠詞 a / an 的用法a 用于輔音音素前a useful book,a university,a “ u”have aOnce a weekhave a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ restan hour, an honest boy , ancold/ headache / fever /cough hurryafter a whileminutein a wordan 則用于元音音素前keep an eye on定冠詞 the 的用法：have a good time keep a diaryin a short while

2、have a try in a go for a walkin aA E F H I L M N O R S X1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：Give me the book.2)上文提到過的人或事：-Do you know the lady in blue? - Yes, she is a teacherof a university.3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物the sun ( sky / moon/earth/ world/ nature/ universe )4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元 ; The lion is a wild animal.或與形容詞或分

3、詞連用，表示一類人：the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞only ， very, same 等前面：I live on the second floor.6)用在表示身體部位的名詞前：She caught me by the arm.7) 用在表示樂器和表方位的名詞之前：She plays the piano violin guitar inthe north of China8）用在普通名詞構(gòu)成專有名詞前：the People's Republic of Chinathe United

4、States the Great Wallthe Summer Palace9) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：the Greens are playing the piano.10) in the day, in the morning (afternoon ， evening), in the middle (of), inon the whole, by the way, go tothe end, all the time at the same timecentury on the day beforein the dark, inthe cinema at he age of

5、 six at the beginning of the twenty-first the other side ofat the moment the day after tomorrowyesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water ， field ， country) the rain,不用定冠詞的情況1） 國(guó)名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：China , Europe 歐洲 Lei Feng 雷鋒2）物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞；當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí)，需要加定冠詞Failure is the mother of success.失

6、敗乃成功之母。3）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞；Children s Day Mother s Day Father s Day4）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞；He is captain of the team.5） 在三餐、四季， 球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、學(xué)科、 娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，不加冠詞如： have breakfast /supper / lunch ， play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter6） 當(dāng) by 與火車等交通工具連用

7、，表示一種方式時(shí)，中間無(wú)冠詞；by bus/ train/ taxi/bus/ ship7） Day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV at school / work / home at first/ lastin danger in trouble on foot onduty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on TV at town部分詞組有無(wú)冠詞的區(qū)別in ho

8、spital 生病住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里in front of 在 - 的前面 in the front of 在 內(nèi)部的前面go to school 上學(xué) go to the school 到學(xué)校去 a number of = a lot of 許多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The number of 的數(shù)目， 的總數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)（第三人稱單數(shù)）名詞：專有名詞和普通名詞（個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞）可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)一般情況加s 以 s, x sh ch, 等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbus-buses watch-watches 以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞，無(wú)生命的加 s,如

9、：photo-photos piano-pianos有生命的 es, 如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes 均可， 如：zero-zeros / zeroes 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，去 f, fe 力口 ves, 如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves （加 s, 如：belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safesgulf-gulfs ；）以輔音字母 +y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i ,再加es baby-babies不

10、規(guī)則： a. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣。Sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese. People, police, scissors,trousers b. 其他的。foot feettooth-teethchild children mouse-miceman-men woman-womenbusinessman -businessmenGerman-Germanswomen doctors集體名詞: People, police,（ 一般表示一個(gè)整體，謂用復(fù)數(shù)） class, family, glasses不可數(shù)名詞：常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：information, news, ro

11、om （空間），work, work, weather,advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meat A little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of常修飾不可數(shù)名詞. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如果用and 連接兩個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Time and moneyare- A cup glass bottle box kilo group crowd class pair ofTwo and a half kilos of = two kilos

12、 and a half of名詞所有格在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加"'s" 來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book 。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：1 ） 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s" ， 復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s， 也要加 " 's "， 如 the boy'sbag， men's room Children s Day Mother s Day Father s Day2 ） 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ， 只加 "'"， 如： T

13、eachers Day ladies room twenty minutes walk3 ）凡不能加"'s" 的名詞， 都可以用" 名詞 +of +名詞 "的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如： thetitle of the song 歌的名字; A picture of family; a map of China4 ）在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barber's理發(fā)店。5 ）如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's ,則表示"分別有"；只有一個(gè)s ,則表示'

14、;共有。John's and Mary's room （兩間） John and Mary's room（間）6）復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ)，'s加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。如：a month or two's absence7）雙重所有格a friend of mine / hers / his / theirs a friend of Mary' smother' s代詞1、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞I me my mine myselfyou you your yourself （yourselves）hehim his his himselfsh

15、e her her hers herselfit it its its itselfwe us our ours ourselvesthey themtheir theirs themselves 人稱順序 you, he, she, I ; we, you, they 主格作主語(yǔ)；賓格作賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞和介詞之后通常作賓格；形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨(dú) 使用，通常放在名詞之前；名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，“of +名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬關(guān)系。A friend of mine我的一位朋友；teacher of hers 她的老師代，it的用法： 指代前面提到過的事物。表天氣。表距離。指嬰兒

16、和不明身份的人。-John, someonein your class phoned you this morning.-Oh, who was it?用作形式主語(yǔ)。It ' s kind / good / n ice /clever /polite / foolish of sb. to do sth.It ' s important / necessary / possible / easy / difficult for sb to do sth,It ' s time to get up.It ' s time for lunch.It ' s

17、one ' s turn to doIt seems thatIt takes sb. some time to do sth.用作形式賓語(yǔ)。Find / think / feel + it +adj +to do sthIt one的區(qū)別It特指上文提到的同一對(duì)象，同一事物。one同類而不同一。that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。反身代詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則：一、二物主，三為賓。運(yùn)用：hurt/ teach/ wash / buy/ enjoy oneselfby / Help oneself （one selves） to - / Look after oneself /

18、 Say to oneself / Come to oneself2、不定代詞 little, a little, few, a few=several（some）, some, any much, too much, much too, more then =over, less than= nearlysomething 某事，某物，用于肯aE句。注意：由復(fù)合不定代詞作主 語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。 Everyone is here.anything 任何事物，某事物，用于否定 何、疑問句。everything 每件事，一切事物，用于各 種句型。修飾不定代詞的形容詞后置。I have

19、something important to tell you.在反意疑問句中，表示人的 復(fù)合代詞在陳述句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，附nothing沒什么，沒有任何東西。=not-any thingsomebody 某人，有人二someoneanybody任何人（用于否定句、疑問句， 條件從句中）加問句中的主語(yǔ)用he或they ,表物 的用it onobody沒有人little ,幾乎沒有，表示否定意思，用以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。A little 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，表示肯定，用以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Only a little僅一點(diǎn)點(diǎn).也可修飾形容詞和副詞。一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，放在動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)后。few幾乎沒有，表示否定意思，用以修飾可數(shù)

20、名詞。a few=several 幾個(gè)， 一些，表示肯定意思，用以修飾可數(shù)名詞。some 一些，修飾可數(shù)名詞，后跟復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞或 ones,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 在表 示請(qǐng)求、委婉語(yǔ)氣的疑問句和表示希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答的問句中，常用some. Could yougive me some apples?any 一些，任何一些。一般用于疑問句中或否定句中和IF引導(dǎo)的條件句中。much許多。修飾不可數(shù)名詞，放在不可數(shù)名詞前，可用 a lot of 替換。too much太多的，用法相當(dāng)于 much ,放在不可數(shù)名詞前。Heath is very importantto us. We should

21、eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too much rich food.much too太，用法相當(dāng)于 too,放在形容詞和副詞前。Keep quiet! It ' s much too noisy here.more than 超過，多于。 =overmore or less 或多或少，差不多。=aboutat least 至少a lot 許多，修飾動(dòng)詞。Thanks a lot.a lot of = lots of 許多的，可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。a number of 許多的尸many只用于修飾復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞，放在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。

22、every用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上，著眼于整體。后可跟數(shù)詞。詞組有 every ten minuetseach用于兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，著眼于個(gè)體。詞組有 each ofeither 兩個(gè)中任何一個(gè)either -orboth 兩個(gè)都 both and both of -neither 兩個(gè)中一個(gè)也沒有 e.g.-Do you like talking with your friendson the telephone or mobile phone? -Neither, I enjoy using QQ.neither - nor -any三個(gè)以上中任何一個(gè)all三個(gè)以上中全部none三個(gè)以上中一個(gè)也沒

23、有。None of -中沒有一個(gè)，表示三個(gè)或以上數(shù)目的人或物中沒有一個(gè)，表否定，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。others 表示"泛指"除自己外，別的人。Some 一, othersthe other表示兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)。One -, the other -the others 表示特指的另一些。another 后跟單數(shù)名詞。表示泛指另一個(gè)人。后跟帶數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“再，還要”的意思。other 別的，另外的，一般后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或ones , 在 other 前可加 some, many 或數(shù)詞，表示“幾個(gè)，一些別的”Such a tall buildingsuch an

24、exciting football matchso many peopleeach other 相互，彼此，指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)物時(shí)。 one another 相互，彼此，指三者或三者以上的彼此。one another s 相互的，彼此的。數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。一、基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞1）基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法： 百位與十位，用 and,十位與個(gè)位，寫時(shí)用“一”先確定分節(jié)號(hào)，從右至左，每隔三位數(shù)是一個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)。第一個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)是千位thousand 4第二個(gè)分節(jié)號(hào)是千位million 第三個(gè)分號(hào)節(jié)是十億位billion.1, 2

25、34 ,567, 892 one billion two hundred and thirty-four million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-two2）分?jǐn)?shù)表示法構(gòu)成：分子基，分母序，分子大于1 時(shí)，分母在序數(shù)詞后加S：1/2a half 1/3 one-third ； 2/3 two thirds 3/4 three quarters = three fourths 2- 3/4 two and three fourths3）表示"年代 "，用 in +the + 數(shù)

26、詞復(fù)數(shù)；in the 1980s（ 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代）4）表某人幾歲時(shí): in + 物主代詞+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式in one s twenties5） He lives in Rom 88. One plus two is three. Three times five is fifteen.6） hundred , thousand , million 等詞前有具體的數(shù)字時(shí)，不能加S 如 threehundreds 這種說法是錯(cuò)誤的7） hundreds of thousands of millions of8） a 21-year-old girlthree days and a hal

27、f = three and a half daysoneand a half hours = one hour and a halfwe ll have two weeks holiday （two -weekholiday）9）（基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的口訣）一、二、三特別記，th 從四以上記; 怎么加很容易，八減t ，九減 e; f 來把 ve 替，見 y 變 ie; 若是遇到幾十幾，變換個(gè)位就可以。One-first two-second three- third five- fifth eight-eighth nineninth twelve twelfth thirteen- thirte

28、enth fifteen- fifteenth eighteeneighteenthtwenty- twentiethtwenty-one-twenty-firstthirty-thirtiethforty-fortiethfifty一fiftiethsixty- sixtiethseventyseventieth eighty-eightieth ninety-ninetieth序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式：first-1stsecond-2ndthirty-first-31st形容和副詞修飾 something, anything, everything, anybody 等不定代詞的形容詞，形容詞要

29、 放在不定代詞之后。I have Something important to tell you. enough 修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，enough 要放在形容詞和副詞之后。Far enough interesting, exciting, boring, amazing, surprising, moving主語(yǔ)為物。Interested, excited, amazed, surprised, frightened, tired, pleased主語(yǔ)為人。 Much, far, a lot, a little, even 等后要用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。I fell evenworse now

30、.5. 連系動(dòng)詞be, 感官動(dòng)詞(look, smell, taste, sound, feel )三個(gè)變 (get, become,turn,) keep 后跟形容詞.既可作形容詞又可作副詞的詞有：hard 作形容詞=difficult , 作副詞，放在work, rain 等后 , 表努力地做。well 作形容詞身體好; 作副詞，做得好。long 作形容詞，表事物的長(zhǎng)度，作副詞，放在last, talk 等后 , 表動(dòng)作持續(xù)。Fast 作作形容，放在系動(dòng)詞后，作副詞放在rain, makesth. 等詞后，表“做得快”。High 作形容詞“山，海浪的高。作副詞 , 放在 fly, jump

31、 等后表飛得高，跳得高。五、形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~+lyuseful, wide, strong 改 y為i,再加ly healthy , heavy, happy, lucky, noisy, good wellterrible-terriblyprobable-probably多數(shù)以ly 結(jié)尾的詞是副詞。但 friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, daily, lively是形容詞。 China is larger than any other county in Asia. (同一范圍內(nèi))China is largerthan any county in Afirca

32、. (不同范圍內(nèi)) how many 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的提問。How many people are there in your family?How much 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的提問和提問價(jià)格。How long 多久，多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。回答常用：for + 段時(shí)間since + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間。How soon 多快，多久以后。回答常用：in + 段時(shí)間Howoften 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次，提問頻率。回答常用：once (twice) a week, three timesa day, oftenHow far 多遠(yuǎn)，對(duì)距離提問。回答常用：fifteen minutes walk , 10 meters away形

33、容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：原級(jí) : as + 原級(jí) + as ; not as / so + 原級(jí) + as = 反義詞 +than English is as interesting as Chinese. Mr. Zhang isn t as old as Mr. Li. = Mr. Zhang is younger than Mr. Li.比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞 than, Lily s bag is bigger than hers. much, far, a little, even , next time which / who A, B ? Which is morebeautiful

34、, Tom, Jim? the + 比較級(jí) ,the+ 比較級(jí) The more we get together, the happierwe ll be.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)(多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用more and more +原級(jí)) 越來越 harder and harder , our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞： the + 最高級(jí) + of / inShanghai is the biggest cityin China. One of the + 最高級(jí) + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)Zhou Jiekunis one

35、of the most popular singers. Which / who + 最高級(jí) , A, B or C? Whocityis the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Kunming?序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)，表“第幾最-"Chang jiang is the first longest river in China.the second largest population形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則（略）不規(guī)貝U : good / well - better- bestbad / badly/ ill-worse-worstma

36、ny / much - more -mostlittle-less-leastfar - farther （較遠(yuǎn)）-farthestfar-further（進(jìn)一步）-furthesttired -more tired -the most tired （right, tired, glad. pleased. real ）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 名稱結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)難點(diǎn)與 要點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在時(shí)?am is are?there be結(jié)構(gòu)?行為動(dòng) 詞sometimes, often, usually, always,every day, once a weekam / is / are +done注意笫 三人稱單數(shù)

37、 情況現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí)am/ is / are +Vingnow, look, isten, right now, at the moment, it's + 幾點(diǎn)am/ is/ are +being +done動(dòng)詞ING形式的 構(gòu)成過去時(shí)?was/ were +*語(yǔ)結(jié) 構(gòu)?Vedyesterday, last, ago一家；just now, in the old days, a moment ago,long ago, ih the 1990swas / were +done注意動(dòng) 詞的過去式 的構(gòu)成將來時(shí)?will/ shall +V 原 形?be going to +V 原形tom

38、orrow, next year, this year, at the end of this term, from now on,in the future,in a few days' timewill / shall+ be +done be going to+be +done注意動(dòng) 詞過去分詞 的構(gòu)成（與 過去式的區(qū) 別）P255過去 進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were +Vingat +具體時(shí)間,at this time., when+ 一 般過去時(shí)從句was / were +being +done過去時(shí)的區(qū) 別現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí)have / has +donealready, yet,

39、ust, never, ever, for, since, so far注意瞬 問動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)中 的運(yùn)用過去 將來時(shí)?would / should +V 原賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句 動(dòng)作在上句動(dòng)作之后Would/ should +be +done形?was / were going to +V原形發(fā)生.be going to +be +done過去 完成時(shí)had +doneby+過去某一時(shí)點(diǎn)；before + 過去某 一時(shí)間點(diǎn)；by the time +從句；從句動(dòng)作在 主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生Had +been + done情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done注：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞詳見初三課本的2

40、55頁(yè)。祈使句祈使句用以表達(dá)命令，要求，請(qǐng)求，勸告等。1) 祈使句否定在句首加 Don't ： Don't move. Don't be late.2) Let' s shall we ?let us him will you / won't you?感嘆句How影容詞或副詞 +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+ 其它How lovely the baby is!What a / an +形容詞+ 可數(shù)名t單數(shù) +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它What a clever boy he is!What +形容詞+可數(shù)名t復(fù)數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它What wonderful ideas (we

41、have)!What +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它What cold weather it is!反意疑問句1) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely,little, too-to等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問部分用肯定含義。Someplants never blown (開花)，do they ?2) 陳述部分有 have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用 don't + 主語(yǔ)(didn't +主語(yǔ))。We have to get there at eight tom

42、orrow, don't we?3) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是 used to 時(shí)，疑問部分用didn't + 主語(yǔ)或usedn't + 主語(yǔ)。He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?4) 陳述部分有 had better + v. 疑問句部分用 hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?5)陳述部分由neithernor, eitheror連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問部分根據(jù)其實(shí) 際邏輯意義而定。Nei

43、ther you nor I am engineer, are we?6) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語(yǔ)用it。Everything is ready, isn't it?7) 陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問部分有三種情況：a.并列復(fù)合句疑問部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?b.帶有定語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從

44、句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visitJapan, didn't he?c. 上述部分主句謂語(yǔ)是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等弓I導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，疑問部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can'tshe?8) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞ever

45、ybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等，疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they ,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)9)省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you 。Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意：Let's開頭的祈使句，后用 shall we?Let

46、9;s go and listen to themusic, shall we?Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用 will you? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?10) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部分用 there省略主語(yǔ)代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there?11)否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。It

47、 is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?并列句and 和，并且， work hard, and you can pass the exam.but 但是he is rich but he is not happy.Or否則，要不然，或者(在否定句中表和)Hurry up, or you ' ll be late.so 因止匕，所以 Kate was ill so she didn ' t go to school.For 因?yàn)?I have to stay up late, fo

48、r I have a lot of work to do.狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞為If, when, before, after, until, as soon as等，主句和從句有下列情況：主句從句一般將來時(shí) 主將從現(xiàn)）一M現(xiàn) 在時(shí)I will go to the park if it doesn' train tomorrow.祈使句一M現(xiàn) 在時(shí)含后情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 的句子一M現(xiàn) 在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一M過 去時(shí)英語(yǔ)句子中如果一看到Thought-but-; because-so-這種結(jié)構(gòu)，就是錯(cuò)誤.倒裝句so+助動(dòng)詞BE動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+另一主語(yǔ)，表示后者與前者一致。so+上句主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞BE

49、動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，真的，確實(shí)如此。Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.Tom didn t watch TV last night. Neither did Ann.- You ve left the light on.- So I have. I ll go and turn it off.賓語(yǔ)從句?從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序。?主句與從句的關(guān)系。A主現(xiàn)從不限；B.主過從過；C. 真金不怕火煉。The earth moves around the sun.常見的賓語(yǔ)從句。She says that I hope / think / feel / wonder I w

50、onder if he will join us in the discussiontonight.Could you tell / show me-Could you please tell me where the teacher soffice is?Do you know Do you know where Mr. Li lives?Please tell me -She asked me -I don t know I don t know whether Tom will go or not.定語(yǔ)從句that 和 which 在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 一般用

51、 that 而不用which 。(1) 先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時(shí)。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.(2) 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)。I ve read allthe books that are not mine.(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the first book (that) he has read.(4) 先行

52、詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。This is the very book that belongs to him.一般用 that 而不用 who(1) 先行詞是 who或who引導(dǎo)的主句。Whois the girl (that) drove the car?Who (that) broke the windowwill be punished.(2) 主句以 There be 引導(dǎo)時(shí) 。 There are 200 people (that) didn tthat 和 which 在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 一

53、般用 which 而不用 that 。(1) 關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中緊跟介詞作賓語(yǔ)(介詞提前)。Those are manytrees under (which) they can have a rest.(2) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。Football , (which) is a very populargame, is played all over the world.后跟 ing 的詞有Finish doing Before 2008 Beijing we will finish building the Olympic Park.enjoy doing 喜歡做某事I enjoy

54、reading English loudly.would you mind opening the window?we should practice speaking English as often想要做某事mind doing 介意(反對(duì))做某事practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事as possible.be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事be worth doing sth. 值得做某事feel like doing sth =want to do sth.spend - (in) doing sth 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事stop / prevent / keep

55、from doing阻止某人做某事have trouble problem / a hard time doing sth.做某事很困難Have fun doing sth. =have a good time doing sth.做某事很快樂go on doing sth 接著做原來做著的事go shopping / swimming/ skating /surfing-do some running / washing/ cooking -介詞 (for, with, without, about -)后跟動(dòng)詞原形:why don't youwhy notyou'd better (not)would you please (not)make let have 注意 : 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中, t o 要加上 后跟 ing 和 TO 的區(qū)別developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家stop to do sth. 停下手中的事而去做另外的事(事情有兩件)Stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情（事情只有一件）Remember to do sth. 記住要去做某事（事情沒