1、http:/http:/http:/http:/Sport Tourism體育旅游體育旅游http:/http:/Content 內(nèi)容內(nèi)容Definitions 定義定義History 發(fā)展過程發(fā)展過程Types 類型類型Issues/Trends問題、發(fā)展趨勢問題、發(fā)展趨勢http:/http:/WHAT IS SPORT TOURISM?http:/http:/Sport Tourism 體育旅游體育旅游“Travel for non-commercial reasons to participate or observe sporting activities away from the

2、 home range” (Hall, 1992)“All forms of active and passive involvement in sporting activity, participated in casually or in an organized way for non-commercial or business/commercial reasons, that necessitate travel away from home and work locality” (Standeven &Deknop, 1999)“Holidays involving sp

3、orting activity either as a spectator or a participant” (Weed&Bull,1997)http:/http:/體育旅游是以參與或觀賞體育活動為目的體育旅游是以參與或觀賞體育活動為目的, ,或以體育為內(nèi)容而產(chǎn)生的一種短暫性的生或以體育為內(nèi)容而產(chǎn)生的一種短暫性的生活方式活方式, ,是旅游者在旅游和暫時性停留中所是旅游者在旅游和暫時性停留中所引起的一切與體育有關的現(xiàn)象和關系的總引起的一切與體育有關的現(xiàn)象和關系的總和。和。http:/http:/Sport tourist 體育旅游者體育旅游者“A temporary visitor s

4、taying at least 24 hours in the event area and whose primary purpose is to participate in a sports event with the area being a secondary attractions” (Nowaga et al,1996)“Individuals and/or groups of people who actively or passively participate in competitive or recreational sport, while travelling t

5、o and/or staying in places outside their usual environment”(Gammon & Robinson, 1997)http:/http:/Definitions 定義定義Sport TourismSport Touristhttp:/http:/IS SPORT TOURISM A NEW FIELD?http:/http:/History of Sport + Tourism發(fā)展過程發(fā)展過程Ancient (776 B.C.480 A.D.) Greece Olympic Games(776 B.C) Rome (200 B.C

6、480 A.D.) Gladiators 角斗士角斗士 Middle Ages and Renaissance (5001400 A.D) Jousting馬上槍術比賽馬上槍術比賽http:/http:/History of Sport + Tourism16th 19th Centuries The European Grand Tour Initially involved cultural tourism, but spread to outdoor scenery (skiing in the Swiss Alps) and spectator and participant even

7、ts (fencing, horse racing, hunting)19th 20th Centuries Development of team sport provided spectator opportunities for the masses Development of mass transportation provided accesshttp:/http:/History of Modern SportDeveloped in late 19th and early 20th Centuries Baseball, American Football, Soccer, B

8、asketball (Team); Skiing, Mountaineering (Individual) Explosion during 1970s and 1980s Cable TV, Live Broadcasting, Emergence of Sports Media Icons (Michael Jordan)Extreme Sports/ Adventure sports “in things” such as backpacking, hiking, trekking, bridge jumping, bungee jumpinghttp:/http:/WHAT ARE S

9、OME EXAMPLES OF SPORT TOURISM?http:/http:/Types of Sport Tourism類型類型Participant (Active) 參與型參與型Spectator/Observer (Event) 觀賞型觀賞型Nostalgia 懷舊型懷舊型http:/http:/Participants (Active)參與型參與型Top performance Athletes Olympics, Professional Leagues, Serious Leisure Athletes Golf, Snowboarding, Road RacersHeal

10、th and Fitness Athletes Runners, Bikers, ResortsRecreational or Social Athletes Bowling, Golf, Tennis, Cruises乘船游覽乘船游覽 Indirect Participants Instructors, Trainers, Guideshttp:/http:/Spectator/Observer (Event)觀賞型觀賞型Paying or Non-paying Visitors Fans“Official” Support Personnel Official, Coaches, Trai

11、ners, Event Personnel“unofficial” Support Personnel Family, FriendsMedia Reporters, Photographers, Broadcastershttp:/http:/Nostalgia 懷舊型懷舊型Sports Museums China Sports MuseumThemed Bars and Restaurants ESPN Club, Yao Restaurant & Bar Heritage Events, Sports Reunions 25th Reunion of the 1980s Hous

12、ton Astroshttp:/http:/China sport Museum中國體育博物館中國體育博物館http:/http:/Yao Restaurant & Barhttp:/http:/WHAT ARE SOME ISSUES AND TRENDS OF SPORT TOURISM?http:/http:/Issues 存在問題存在問題Seasonality All tourism ventures must deal with periodic ups and downs associated with tourist supply/demand Some sports h

13、ave natural seasons Downhill skiing, Professional Sports LeaguesSustainable Development How can sports tourism be promoted in ways that can be maintained and will not be overly-destructive of natural resources or environment? http:/http:/Trends 發(fā)展趨勢發(fā)展趨勢Developing Markets 市場開發(fā)市場開發(fā) Nostalgia Tourism S

14、ports Museum Historic or Famous Sites (Olympic Sites) Fantasy sports weekends, Cruises Extreme Sport Tourism Hiking, trekking, bridge jumping, bungee jumping Visual Sports Tourism Home video games, virtual reality, Fantasy Sportshttp:/http:/Trends 發(fā)展趨勢發(fā)展趨勢Participation Patterns 參與方式參與方式 Individual,

15、rather than team sports Diversification (cross-participation) Sports hybrids continue to develop (snowboarding) Sports adapt to urban life (indoor climbing facilities) Natural environments (provide risk, uncertainty) will increase in popularity as sports tourism destinations http:/http:/分析：北京奧運遺產(chǎn)旅游開

16、發(fā)分析：北京奧運遺產(chǎn)旅游開發(fā)Visible heritages 有形奧運遺產(chǎn)有形奧運遺產(chǎn)Invisible heritages 無形奧運遺產(chǎn)無形奧運遺產(chǎn)http:/http:/Olympic venues 奧運場館奧運場館： “Birds Nest” 鳥巢鳥巢 the “Water Cube”水水立方立方 Olympic Park 奧體公園奧體公園 and so on.http:/http:/Measures of development北京奧運遺產(chǎn)旅游開發(fā)措施北京奧運遺產(chǎn)旅游開發(fā)措施Hosting sport events 積極承辦體育賽事積極承辦體育賽事Developing the exh

17、ibition industry 著力著力發(fā)展會展業(yè)發(fā)展會展業(yè) Great efforts to develop sports leisure, travel, fitness exercise大力發(fā)展體育休閑、大力發(fā)展體育休閑、旅游、健身運動旅游、健身運動Developing cultural entertainment and cultural festivals 繁榮發(fā)展文化娛樂業(yè)，繁榮發(fā)展文化娛樂業(yè)，精心培育文化節(jié)事精心培育文化節(jié)事 http:/http:/Review 總結(jié)與回顧總結(jié)與回顧Definitions 定義定義History 發(fā)展過程發(fā)展過程Types 類型類型Issues/Trends問題、發(fā)展趨勢問題、發(fā)展趨勢http:/http:/Practice 練習練習Suppose you are the head of the newly founded Sport Tourism Department under China Sports Bureau. At a working conference of the Bureau, you and your colleagues pr