1、The Glossary on the following pages includes technical terms and definitions most frequently used in the cement manufacturing process around the world.Each expression, term or word has been numbered for easy cross-reference.The categories under which the terms appear correspond with the categories l

2、isted in the Guide section. This has been designed so that readers can determine those companies who specialise in supplying the items of plant and equipment mentioned. Readers should also refer to the advertisement pages for further details of plant and equipment available from further major suppli

3、ers. We have attempted to make the glossary as comprehensive as possible. Readers are invited to suggest any additions, amendments or improvements, which will be incorporated in the next edition.Any portion may be reproduced without permission of the compilers.* Taken from WORLD CEMENT&ZKGby Yan

4、gHenCement manufacturing processes水泥制造業(yè)1-1. WORLD CEMENTThe leading international technical journal for the cement industry.世界水泥工業(yè)水泥工業(yè)頭號(hào)國(guó)際性刊物1-2. DRY PROCESSThe process in which the preparation of the raw materials is effected by the dry grinding and blending of powders prior to introduction to the

5、preheater or rotary kiln.干法在進(jìn)入預(yù)熱器或回轉(zhuǎn)窯之前，為配備原材料而進(jìn)行的干法粉磨和粉末混合過(guò)程。1-3. SEMI-DRY PROCESSThe process in which the raw materials are prepared as in the dry process but are then humidified and granulated before introduction to a traveling grate preheater or into the rotary kiln.半干法原材料的配備如干法，但在其進(jìn)入一回轉(zhuǎn)篦式預(yù)熱器或回轉(zhuǎn)

6、窯之前對(duì)其進(jìn)行增濕和軋碎。1-4. WET PROCESSThe process in which the raw materials are ground with water and introduced into the kiln in the form of a slurry.濕法原材料被以水粉磨，然后以料漿的形式進(jìn)入窯的加工過(guò)程。1-5. SEMI-WET PROCESSThe process in which the raw materials are prepared as in the wet process and then reduced in moisture conte

7、nt before introduction into the kiln.半濕法原材料配備如濕法，但在入窯前降低其水分。1-6. CLINKERA greyish material obtained by grinding and burning a mixture of mainly calcareous and argillaceous materials. The burnt mixture, known as clinker, is mainly minerals of lime, silica, alumina and ferric oxide.熟料研磨、燃燒主要為石灰質(zhì)和粘土質(zhì)的混

8、合材料而獲得的一種灰色物質(zhì)。此種被稱為水泥熟料的燒焦混合物，主要為石灰石、硅石、釩土和氧化鐵的礦物質(zhì)。1-7. PORTLAND CEMENTA fine powder produced by grinding clinker together with a small amount of gypsum which controls the rate of setting.硅酸鹽（波特蘭）水泥將水泥熟料與少量石膏一起研磨而產(chǎn)生的一種細(xì)粉末，石膏的作用是控制凝固速度。1-8. PORTLAND BLAST-FURNACE CEMENTCement made by intergrinding 20

9、-65% Portland cement clinker with 80-35% blast-furnace slag, where slag is a waste product made up of lime, silica and alumina.硅酸鹽（波特蘭）高爐水泥將2065%硅酸鹽水泥熟料與8035%高爐熔渣一起研磨成的水泥，熔渣為廢料，含石灰、硅石和釩土。1-9. PORTLAND POZZOLANA CEMENTA uniform blend of Portland cement and a sileceous/ aluminous material of volcanic

10、ash, pumice, or fly ash (pozzolana).硅酸鹽（波特蘭）火山灰水泥由硅酸鹽水泥與和一種硅質(zhì)/高鋁火山灰、浮石或飛砂均勻混合而成。1-10. WHITE CEMENTA cement manufactured from raw materials containing china clay, and chalk or limestone, but which contains few iron and manganese oxides.白水泥由含有高嶺土、白堊或石灰石的原材料制成的一種水泥，含有少量鐵與氧化錳。1-11. EXPANSIVE CEMENTA hyd

11、raulic cement which in addition to containing the typical minerals for Portland cement contains other minerals such as ettringite which can cause expansion of the cement after mixing with water.膨脹水泥一種水硬性水泥，除含有硅酸鹽水泥特有的礦物質(zhì)外，還含有象鈣礬石這種摻水后會(huì)引起水泥膨脹的其他礦物質(zhì)。1-12. FLY-ASHA material generated by the combustion

12、of crushed coal in power stations which is precipitated in dust collectors. As an additive can replace up to 30% of clinker.粉煤灰一種由發(fā)電站燃燒煤粉而產(chǎn)生，沉淀于收塵器內(nèi)的材料。可作為添加劑，取代多達(dá)30%的水泥熟料。1-13. GYPSUMHydrated calcium sulphate (gypsum) is added to clinker before or during grinding to control the final setting proper

13、ty of cement.石膏水化硫酸鹽鈣（石膏）在研磨前或研磨時(shí)被加入水泥熟料，以控制水泥終凝特性。1-14. RAW MATERIALSThe two main components are limestone and clay containing the mineral compounds calcium carbonate, silica, alumina and iron oxide.原材料兩種主要組分為石灰石和含有碳酸鈣、硅石、釩土和氧化鐵的礦物質(zhì)復(fù)合物的粘土。1-15. SECONDARY RAW MATERIALSMaterials arising out of other

14、industrial processes which can be used in the cement manufacturing process, e.g., blast-furnace slag, fly ash and gypsum (see above).二次原材料其它工藝過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的，可用于水泥制作過(guò)程的材料，如高爐熔渣、飛灰與石膏（見上）。1-16. LIMESTONEA sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), varying amounts of magnesium carbonate,

15、and other impurities such as silica and alumina.石灰石一種沉積巖，主要由碳酸鈣（CaCO3），不同含量的碳酸鎂和硅石、釩土等雜質(zhì)組成。1-17. CLAYClastic sediment which together with shale is classed as an argillaceous material. It contains hydrated silicates of aluminium blended with various impurities including iron oxides and alkalis.粘土一種碎屑

16、沉積巖，與頁(yè)巖一道被歸類為粘土質(zhì)材料。它含有混有氧化鐵和堿等雜質(zhì)的水化硅鋁酸鹽。1-18. SHALEA consolidated clay rock which possesses definite lamination. It contains admixtures of silica, iron oxide and alumina.頁(yè)巖一種具有固定層理的固化粘土巖，含有硅土、氧化鐵和釩土的混合材。Quarrying采石2-1. GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONField inspection, boring and testing deposits to determine

17、chemical properties and/or variations of raw material components.地理勘探實(shí)地勘察和鉆探，以確定原材料成分的化學(xué)特性及（或）種類。2-2. OVERBURDENLayer of waste (generally earth) above raw material deposits.覆蓋層在原材料沉積之上的（通常為土壤）廢物層。2-3. DRILLING AND BLASTINGMethods employed at the quarries in the exploitation of raw materials.打眼（鉆孔）及爆

18、破在原材料開采中、在采石場(chǎng)所使用的方法。2-4. RIPPINGAlternative to drilling and blasting in which material is ploughed from the quarry face using large teeth.刨土（松土）使用大齒工具將材料從石場(chǎng)面上創(chuàng)出的一種可取代打眼及爆破的方法。2-5. STRIPPINGRemoval of overburden to obtain access to the raw materials.剝離除去覆蓋層以通達(dá)原材料。2-6. WHEEL LOADERWheel mounted loadin

19、g shovel for rock loading duties, clearing debris and trimming surfaces in the quarry.輪式裝載機(jī)裝有輪胎的裝載機(jī)鏟斗,在采石場(chǎng)用來(lái)裝載巖石、清理巖屑、整平地面。2-7. DUMPERRubber-tyred vehicle used to convey excavated material within or away from a quarry.翻斗車在采石場(chǎng)內(nèi)或從采石場(chǎng)往外運(yùn)送采出的材料的橡膠輪胎車輛。2-8. TYRE CHAINSAnti-skid or protective chains used

20、on the tyres of earth-moving or quarry vehicles.輪胎鏈用于推土機(jī)或采石車輛輪胎的防滑或保護(hù)用鏈條。2-9. HAULAGETransportation of fragmented rock from loading point to the crushing plant by rubber tyre vehicles (dumpers), railmounted vehicles or conveyor.搬運(yùn)用橡膠輪胎車輛（翻斗車）、軌道車輛或輸送機(jī)將成塊的巖石從裝載地點(diǎn)運(yùn)送到碎石廠。2-10. MOBILE CRUSHERCrushing ma

21、chine with its own integral traveling mechanism, enabling it to proceed from one location to another in a quarry.移動(dòng)碎石機(jī)內(nèi)裝移動(dòng)裝置、可從采石場(chǎng)的一個(gè)地點(diǎn)行走到另一地點(diǎn)的碎石機(jī)。2-11. PRIMARY REDUCTION (CRUSHING)Size reduction process that breaks down rocks of raw material to a lump size suitable as feed for the next process stag

22、e.初碎（碎石）將原材料石塊分解成為適用于下一加工程序的大小的破碎工序。2-12. SINGLE-STAGE REDUCTIONMaterial is reduced to the desired raw mill feed size by just one crusher operated in open or closed-circuits.單級(jí)破碎以在開路或閉路循環(huán)中操作的單一碎石機(jī)，將原材料破碎到磨機(jī)進(jìn)料大小的工序。2-13. MULTI-STAGE REDUCTIONSize reduction is effected using two or more crushers in se

23、ries; either in open or closed circuits.多級(jí)破碎在開路或閉路循環(huán)中，使用串列的兩臺(tái)或多臺(tái)碎石機(jī)來(lái)縮減原材料的大小。2-14. OPEN CIRCUIT REDUCTIONRaw material passes through a crusher only once.開路破碎原材料僅通過(guò)碎石機(jī)一次。2-15. CLOSED CIRCUIT REDUCTIONMaterial discharged from the crusher is screened and the oversize returned back to the crusher for fu

24、rther size reduction.閉路破碎從碎石機(jī)中排出的材料經(jīng)過(guò)篩選，過(guò)大的石料被退回碎石機(jī)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步破碎。2-16. JAW CRUSHERMachine used for primary or secondary size reduction of raw materials by compression. It consists of 2 plates forming a V-shaped cavity in which material falling by gravity is crushed.顎式破碎機(jī)以壓碎法對(duì)原材料大小進(jìn)行初碎式二次破碎的機(jī)器。它擁有由兩塊金屬板形成一

25、個(gè)V形腔，以自重力落下的材料在其中被碾碎。2-17. GYRATORY CRUSHERMachine used for primary size reduction of hard and abrasive rock by compression. It has a relatively higher through-put than the jaw crusher. Its main elements are an outer bowl and an inner oscillating cone mounted on a vertical shaft.回轉(zhuǎn)式碎石機(jī)以壓縮力對(duì)堅(jiān)硬的、磨蝕性巖石

26、進(jìn)行 初碎的機(jī)器。其材料通過(guò)量高于顎式碎石機(jī)，其主要組件包括一外盤和一個(gè)安裝于立軸上的內(nèi)裝振蕩錐。2-18. ROLL CRUSHERSize reduction machine with usually two contra rotating parallel rolls used for wet and sticky materials.對(duì)輥碎石機(jī)通常帶有兩個(gè)反向旋轉(zhuǎn)的平行輥的碎石機(jī)，用于濕潤(rùn)的和粘性的材料。2-19. HAMMER CRUSHERWidely used for primary and single stage reduction of hard to medium-har

27、d materials. It consists of a rotor with discs on a horizontal shaft. Hammers are attached to the discs and under high speed rotation impact on the feed material.錘式碎石機(jī)廣泛用于硬性或中等硬性材料的初碎和單級(jí)破碎工序。它由一個(gè)安裝于水平軸上、帶有轉(zhuǎn)盤的轉(zhuǎn)子組成，轉(zhuǎn)盤上裝有錘子，在高轉(zhuǎn)速下，對(duì)進(jìn)料施加擊力。2-20. IMPACT CRUSHERAlso known as impact breaker, it is best suit

28、ed for reducing brittle, hard to medium-hard materials. The rotor is fitted with impact bars. The high speed of the rotor throws feed material onto impact plates.沖擊式碎石機(jī)也稱為沖擊式破碎機(jī)，最適用于破碎脆性的、硬性到中等硬性的材料。轉(zhuǎn)子裝有沖擊桿。轉(zhuǎn)子的高速將進(jìn)料甩到?jīng)_擊板上。2-21. AERIAL ROPEWAYHigh level double-cable or single-cable system employed in

29、 conveying material across difficult terrain.架空索道在崎嶇地形用于輸送材料的高空雙纜或單纜系統(tǒng)。2-22. SITE RESTORATIONRestoring a worked out quarry landscape to its original state or making it as environmentally acceptable as possible.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)修復(fù)將一開采完的石場(chǎng)地表修復(fù)到原有狀態(tài)，或使它盡可能符合環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Raw materials storage and preparation原材料儲(chǔ)存和配備3-1. SAMPL

30、INGEssential operation between crushing and grinding operations to aid decision, after laboratory analyis, on the proportioning of the main components of the raw mix.取料在擊碎和研磨之間的一道基本工序，以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析之后幫助確定原混合物各主要成分的比率。3-2. LIME STANDARDRatio between the proportions of lime and the proportions of silica, alu

31、mina and iron oxide in a mix.石灰標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系數(shù)一種混合物中石灰與硅石、鋁、氧化鐵含量之比。3-3. STOCKPILEIntermediate storage of raw materials between the quarry and the raw mill.料堆原材料在采石場(chǎng)和生料輾磨機(jī)之間的中間儲(chǔ)存方式。3-4. BLENDING BEDA stockpile in which bed-blending by longitudinal stockpiling and transverse reclaiming of raw materials occurs.混

32、合層與原材料的縱向堆放和橫向回收來(lái)進(jìn)行層混合的堆場(chǎng)。3-5. PREHOMOGENIZATIONPreliminary stacking of crushed materials to ensure homogeneity. It is mostly applied to limestone to reduce fluctuations in the CaCO3 content.預(yù)均化對(duì)被擊碎的石料進(jìn)行預(yù)堆放以確保均勻。預(yù)勻化主要用于石灰石，以減少碳酸鈣含量浮動(dòng)。3-6. LONGITUDINAL STOCKPILEStacking system, with a rectangular bas

33、e and trapezoidal or triangular cross-section, which disposes incoming raw material longitudinally.縱向堆料底為長(zhǎng)方形、縱面為梯形或三角形的堆料系統(tǒng)，旨在將進(jìn)入的原材料縱向堆積。3-7. CIRCULAR STOCKPILEStacking system with a round base, central column and with a trapezoidal or triangular cross-section.環(huán)形堆料底為圓形，具有中心柱，縱面為梯形或三角形的堆料方式。3-8. CHE

34、VRON METHODRaw material is deposited by stacker moving to and fro over the longitudinal centre-line of a stockpile.菱形（人字）堆料法堆料機(jī)在料堆的縱向中心線上往復(fù)堆積原材料。3-9. WINDROW METHODMethod of stacking whereby layers are spread longitudinally over and alongside each other. The objective is to avoid the segregation of

35、the coarse particle.長(zhǎng)形堆料法料層重疊，并排堆置的堆料方法，旨在避免粗粒的離析。3-10. HORIZONTAL LAYERSIndividual layers are placed one on top of another.水平料層料一層疊一層3-11. STRATA STACKINGSimilar to horizontal stacking but layers of material are inclined.層次堆料與水平堆料類似，但料層傾斜。3-12. CONE-SHELL METHODIn contrast to previously described m

36、ethods, the stacker, and belt conveyor, moves along the length of the pile to form a series of conical piles heaped one against another.錐螺法與前述各方法不同，堆料機(jī)及輸送帶沿料堆之長(zhǎng)度（周邊）運(yùn)行，形成一系列堆在一起的錐形堆。3-13. CHEVCON METHODHybrid of the chevron and cone shell methods which is suitable only for circular stockpiles.菱形錐螺法菱

37、形和芏螺法的混合使用，只適用于圓形料堆。3-14. STACKING MACHINEMachine used to deposit raw materials in storage areas (internal or external). Can have fixed or movable booms which can be raised and lowered.堆料機(jī)用于儲(chǔ)存區(qū)（內(nèi)部或外部）堆置原材料的機(jī)器。可具有固定吊桿或可上下移動(dòng)的吊桿。3-15. RECLAIMING EQUIPMENTMachines such as bridge-type scrapers, portal sc

38、rapers, traveling scrapers, front-end scrapers, side scrapers and bucket-wheel reclaimers which are employed to reclaim raw materials from stockpiles.取料（回收）設(shè)備用于從料堆中回收原材料的橋式刮料機(jī)、移動(dòng)刮料機(jī)、正向刮料機(jī)、側(cè)式刮料機(jī)及斗輪取料機(jī)等機(jī)器。3-16. FRONT ACTING RECLAIMERMachine used for end-on removal of materials from a stockpile via a r

39、aking-down movement.正向取料機(jī)以耙取方式向一料堆取料的正向回收機(jī)器。3-17. BRIDGE-TYPE SCRAPING RECLAIMERA raking down device is mounted on a bridge. A scraper chain conveyors blade shift dislodged material to a belt conveyor which extends along one edge of the stockpile.橋式刮板式取料機(jī)在一橋式架上裝有一耙取裝置。松開的石料由一刮板鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C(jī)的刮板運(yùn)送到一伸展于料堆一邊的輸送

40、帶上。3-18. BUCKET-WHEEL RECLAIMER (BRIDGE-MOUNTED)One or more bucket wheels and raking-down device(s) move to and fro on the bridge across the face of a stockpile.斗輪取料機(jī)（帶橋裝置）依賴橋裝置在料堆面上往復(fù)工作的一個(gè)或多個(gè)斗輪及刮料裝置。3-19. BUCKET-WHEEL RECLAIMER (WITH SLEWING BOOM)Bucket wheel mounted at the end of a boom which swin

41、gs to and fro across the stockpile.斗輪取料機(jī)（帶旋轉(zhuǎn)吊桿）吊桿末端裝有斗輪，吊桿在料堆上方往復(fù)取料。3-20. SIDE-ACTING SCRAPERMachine used to reclaim material from bed-blending stockpiles built up by the windrow method.側(cè)邊刮料機(jī)用于從以長(zhǎng)形堆料法堆起的混合層料堆取料的機(jī)器。3-21. BATCHWISE HOMOGENIZATIONInside the homogenization silo, the silo base is fitted

42、with a number of aeration sections which alternatively receive compressed air to facilitate homogenisation.間歇（分批）均勻法在均勻庫(kù)底安裝數(shù)個(gè)通風(fēng)部件，對(duì)通風(fēng)部件交替地供給壓縮空氣 以便加快均勻過(guò)程。3-22. CONTINUOUS BLENDINGRaw meal is supplied continuously to a storage and blending silo. Special discharge and blending arrangements at the aera

43、ted silo base ensure a continuous supply of homogenised raw meal to the kiln system.連續(xù)混合原材料被連續(xù)不斷裝入儲(chǔ)藏和混合圓筒庫(kù)中。在通風(fēng)倉(cāng)底的特殊出料及混合安排，可確保窯系統(tǒng)得到持續(xù)不斷和均勻的生料供應(yīng)。Comminution粉碎4-1. GRINDINGSize reduction of raw materials and cement clinker to a fine powder, nominally all passing 200 microns.研磨將原材料和水泥熟料破碎成細(xì)粉末，通常為全部通過(guò)2

44、00微米孔的顆粒。4-2. TUBE MILLA rotary cylindrical shell, internally protected with liners and charged with media (balls or cylpebs) for grinding.管磨機(jī)一旋轉(zhuǎn)筒狀機(jī)殼，內(nèi)部以襯墊保護(hù)且裝有用于研磨的介質(zhì)（鋼球或鋼段）。4-3. BALL MILLSimilar to the tube mill, but the length to diameter ratio of the shell is less than 2.0.球磨類似于管磨機(jī)，但機(jī)殼的長(zhǎng)徑比小于2.0。

45、4-4. GRINDING MEDIASteel balls or cylpebs charged inside a tube or ball mill.研磨介質(zhì)填充于管磨機(jī)或球磨機(jī)內(nèi)部的鋼球或鋼段。4-5. GRINDING AIDAdditive which assists mill grinding and contributes to eliminating coatings, or for dispersing finely ground material.磨料協(xié)助機(jī)研磨的添加劑，有助于消除結(jié)皮，或分散細(xì)磨材料。4-6. AUTOGENOUS MILLCylindrical mill

46、 utilising the large lumps in the feed to crush the smaller lumps and by doing so reducing themselves.自磨機(jī)使用喂料中的大塊料粉碎小塊料，且以此來(lái)縮減自身大小的筒狀磨機(jī)。4-7. DIAPHRAGMPartition or division plate inside a mill.隔板磨機(jī)內(nèi)的分隔、隔離板。4-8. VERTICAL ROLLER MILLA grinding machine consisting of a rotating table onto which rollers a

47、re pressed.立式滾（輥）磨機(jī)由一旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)組成的一種研磨機(jī)，滾輪（輥?zhàn)樱┰谂_(tái)上滾壓。4-9. ROLLER PRESSAlso known as high pressure grinding roll. Consists of two contra rotating rolls. One roll is forced by hydraulic pressure onto the other. A deep bed of feed material is ground by compression, producing a cake discharge.滾（輥）壓機(jī)亦稱“高壓研磨輥”。由兩

48、只反向旋轉(zhuǎn)的輥?zhàn)咏M成。其中一只由液壓將其壓在另一只輥上。這些輥?zhàn)訉?duì)一層厚的輥料進(jìn)行研磨，產(chǎn)生“餅狀”出料。4-10. PULVERISED FUEL (PF) PREPARATIONComminution and drying of coal prior to kiln firing.粉狀燃料（PF）的制備煤在進(jìn)入燒窯前的粉碎和烘干工序。4-11. SEPARATORMachine which classifies mill discharge material into coarse grits (recycled to the mill for further grinding) and

49、fine finished product.選粉機(jī)將出磨物料分級(jí)為粗粒（再進(jìn)入磨機(jī)接受進(jìn)一步研磨）以及精細(xì)成品的機(jī)器。Pyroprocessing高溫加工 (煅燒)5-1. DRYING-GRINDINGProcess by which hot exit gases from the kiln are used to dry moist raw materials during comminution.干磨法利用窯爐的熱排氣對(duì)粉磨中的潮濕原材料進(jìn)行干燥的工藝。5-2. DECARBONATION (CALCINATION)Dissociation of carbonates by the in

50、troduction of heat to remove carbon dioxide.脫碳（碳酸鹽分解）通過(guò)加熱去除二氧化碳的碳酸鹽分解法。5-3. PREHEATINGDrying and partial decarbonation of raw meal fed to a traveling grate, cyclone or other type of preheater using hot kiln exit gas.預(yù)加熱使用熱窯排（廢）氣，對(duì)喂給移動(dòng)式爐排，旋風(fēng)式或其他形式的預(yù)熱器的生料進(jìn)行烘干和部分脫碳（分解）。5-4. GRATE PREHEATERTraveling gra

51、te which carries pelletized raw meal to the kiln and through which hot kiln gases flow to dry and partly decarbonate the meal.篦式預(yù)熱器將成粒化生料運(yùn)至窯的移動(dòng)式篦板，通過(guò)篦板的熱窯氣流將生料烘干及部分脫碳。5-5. CYCLONEUnit which separates coarse, solid particles from an air flow by centrifugal action.旋風(fēng)分離機(jī)以離心作用分離氣流中固體粗顆粒的裝置。5-6. CYCLONE

52、PREHEATER(Suspension preheater). A series of cyclones disposed vertically up to 6 stages and connected by gas pipes and meal tubes.旋風(fēng)式預(yù)熱器（懸浮預(yù)熱器）多達(dá)6級(jí)的一系列垂直排列的旋風(fēng)筒，各旋風(fēng)筒由氣管和料管相連。5-7. LONG ROTARY KILNMainly used for the wet process, where kiln feed is a slurry with 30 to 45% water content, but can also b

53、e used in the dry process.長(zhǎng)回轉(zhuǎn)窯主要用于窯喂料為含水量為3045%的料漿的濕法加工裝置，但也可用于干法生產(chǎn)。5-8. SHORT ROTARY KILNMainly used in the semi-dry or dry process where feed is dry or semi-dry raw meal.短回轉(zhuǎn)窯主要用于喂料為十生料或半干生料的半干法或干法工藝中。5-9. PRECALCININGProcess which increases decarbonation of the raw meal by the addition of fuel in

54、a separate chamber before inlet to the kiln.（碳酸鹽）預(yù)分解在生料入窯前在一單獨(dú)的室中添加燃料以加快生料的脫碳過(guò)程的工藝。5-10. SINTERINGHigh temperature treatment of raw materials to ensure combination of lime with the clay minerals and formation of clinker minerals. This is an exothermic reaction.燒結(jié)對(duì)原材料進(jìn)行高溫處理，以確保石灰與粘土礦物的化合以及熟料礦物的形成。這是一

55、放熱反應(yīng)。5-11. TRANSITION ZONERotary kiln area between the calcining and sintering zones.過(guò)渡帶在分解帶及燒結(jié)帶之間的回轉(zhuǎn)窯區(qū)域。5-12. SINTERING ZONEThe burning zone of the rotary kiln in which the sintering reaction takes place at around 1450.燒成帶回轉(zhuǎn)窯的燒成區(qū)域，其中燒成反應(yīng)在約1450的溫度下進(jìn)行。5-13. COOLING ZONEArea between sintering zone and

56、 kiln outlet in which clinker is subject to precooling.冷卻帶在燒結(jié)帶和窯出口之間的區(qū)域，熟料在其中進(jìn)行預(yù)冷卻。5-14. FUELSCommonly used fuels for firing kilns are coal, heavy fuel, oil and gas.燃料常用燒窯的燃料是煤、重油、油及天然氣。5-15. TYRE-DERIVED FUEL (TDF)Scrap tyres used as supplementary fuel for kilns.輪胎燃料將廢輪胎用于窯的輔助燃料。5-16. WASTE-DERIVED

57、 FUEL (WDF)Industrial waste used as a replacement for a portion of conventional fuels, or as a substitute for a portion of raw materials.廢物燃料可用來(lái)替代一部分常規(guī)燃料的工業(yè)廢物，或一部分 原材料的工業(yè)廢物。5-17. COAL STORAGECoal is normally stored in open or covered stockpile/ blending beds.儲(chǔ)煤煤通常儲(chǔ)存于露天或有頂蓋料堆/混料層中。5-18. OIL STORAGEFuel oil is held in storage tanks, heated and transported by pipeline to the kiln/precalciner burner at high pressure.儲(chǔ)油燃